M. R. Ahmad, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, Ahmad Syazwan Ramli, Nabilah Kamaliah Mustapha, Daryl Jay Thadeus, Aminulrasyid Ibrahim, Mohd Juraimi Jusoh
Oil palm plantation is one of the main economic activities in Malaysia. Most of the activities in the plantations depend entirely on labour, especially foreign labour. Labour availabilities became more serious during post COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome the situation, technologies for plantation operations are required. Various technologies have been produced and introduced to the industry. However, not all technologies could be adopted by oil palm smallholders due to economies of scale. Thus, this paper provides an overview of mechanisation technologies suitable for smallholder adoption. Economic factors are the basis for the selection of the technology. However, there are several key factors to ensure the successful implementation of mechanisation practices by the smallholders. Among them are tools or machine maintenance and suitable work systems. The elements need to move in tandem to achieve the goal of using mechanisation.
{"title":"Mechanisation Technology for Small-Scale Oil Palm Plantations","authors":"M. R. Ahmad, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, Ahmad Syazwan Ramli, Nabilah Kamaliah Mustapha, Daryl Jay Thadeus, Aminulrasyid Ibrahim, Mohd Juraimi Jusoh","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000406","url":null,"abstract":"Oil palm plantation is one of the main economic activities in Malaysia. Most of the activities in the plantations depend entirely on labour, especially foreign labour. Labour availabilities became more serious during post COVID-19 pandemic. To overcome the situation, technologies for plantation operations are required. Various technologies have been produced and introduced to the industry. However, not all technologies could be adopted by oil palm smallholders due to economies of scale. Thus, this paper provides an overview of mechanisation technologies suitable for smallholder adoption. Economic factors are the basis for the selection of the technology. However, there are several key factors to ensure the successful implementation of mechanisation practices by the smallholders. Among them are tools or machine maintenance and suitable work systems. The elements need to move in tandem to achieve the goal of using mechanisation.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138963119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmad Syazwan Ramli, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, M. R. Ahmad, Nabilah Kamaliah Mustaffa, Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid, Ikmal Hafizi Azaman
Mechanisation in oil palm industry has long been promoted in order to increase the efficiency and productivity of the industry but its adoption is low. One of the reasons is the skeptical view of high cost in mechanisation adoption and the lack of productivity data to compare the performance of manual versus several mechanised operations. This paper attempts to analyse the performance of different harvesting methods available in oil palm industry and assess the efficiency of each method. This study compared the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting performance of manual, mechanised cutter, i.e. CANTAS and an excavator based harvesting machine. The price and productivity data of each method were taken from literature. The capital (CAPEX) and operation (OPEX) expenditure in terms of cost per tonne were calculated based on the collected data. The result of each method’s performance was then projected in the form of labour to land ratio to determine the efficiency of each method. The CAPEX of harvesting machine is the highest which was RM 280,155.55, followed by CANTAS with RM 3806.33 and manual harvesting for RM 601.00. This reflected to the slightly higher OPEX which was RM 46.45/tonne, compared to CANTAS of RM 28.72/tonne and manual harvesting with RM 39.35/tonne. The machine was shown to cover more plantation area for harvesting with labour to land ratio of 1:86 ha, compare to 1:35 ha for CANTAS and 1:21 ha for manual harvesting. In conclusion, mechanised harvesting machineries increased harvesting efficiency by covering more plantation area. Although mechanisation adoption is unfavourable due to initial capital cost, the difference in OPEX between manual and harvesting machine is shown to be small, and even lower if compared with CANTAS in the long term.
{"title":"Performance Comparison of Harvesting Performance of Different Harvesting Methods in Oil Palm Plantation","authors":"Ahmad Syazwan Ramli, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, M. R. Ahmad, Nabilah Kamaliah Mustaffa, Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid, Ikmal Hafizi Azaman","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000410","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanisation in oil palm industry has long been promoted in order to increase the efficiency and productivity of the industry but its adoption is low. One of the reasons is the skeptical view of high cost in mechanisation adoption and the lack of productivity data to compare the performance of manual versus several mechanised operations. This paper attempts to analyse the performance of different harvesting methods available in oil palm industry and assess the efficiency of each method. This study compared the fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting performance of manual, mechanised cutter, i.e. CANTAS and an excavator based harvesting machine. The price and productivity data of each method were taken from literature. The capital (CAPEX) and operation (OPEX) expenditure in terms of cost per tonne were calculated based on the collected data. The result of each method’s performance was then projected in the form of labour to land ratio to determine the efficiency of each method. The CAPEX of harvesting machine is the highest which was RM 280,155.55, followed by CANTAS with RM 3806.33 and manual harvesting for RM 601.00. This reflected to the slightly higher OPEX which was RM 46.45/tonne, compared to CANTAS of RM 28.72/tonne and manual harvesting with RM 39.35/tonne. The machine was shown to cover more plantation area for harvesting with labour to land ratio of 1:86 ha, compare to 1:35 ha for CANTAS and 1:21 ha for manual harvesting. In conclusion, mechanised harvesting machineries increased harvesting efficiency by covering more plantation area. Although mechanisation adoption is unfavourable due to initial capital cost, the difference in OPEX between manual and harvesting machine is shown to be small, and even lower if compared with CANTAS in the long term. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":" 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of an electronic control system embedded in machinery for oil palm plantation operation is a relatively new concept. The application is currently being pursued to overcome several issues and concerns, such as reducing workforce requirements, increasing productivity, and improving effective chemical utilisation. Technologies are revolving, and IR4.0 components are cost-effective to be embraced in the field. A study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a sensor-spraying system attached to a three-wheeler prime mover. A Lidar sensor was used for palm circle spraying activity. An average 25% chemical reduction was obtained by embracing the sensor-spraying compared to a manually triggered system. The technology's effective cost is about RM 3 per ha with almost 30 ha per day coverage area. Integrating the system with IoT provides traceability of the activity on a web-based application. Thus, the system could enhance the standard operating procedure of chemical spraying in the field. The Lidar spraying system could provide better operational cost savings, reduce chemical consumption, increase worker productivity, provide a better monitoring system, and reduce labour requirements for oil palm fields' general upkeep activity.
{"title":"Sensor-Based System for Mechanised Oil Palm Herbicide Spraying","authors":"Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, M. R. Ahmad, Azahah Aris","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000414","url":null,"abstract":"The application of an electronic control system embedded in machinery for oil palm plantation operation is a relatively new concept. The application is currently being pursued to overcome several issues and concerns, such as reducing workforce requirements, increasing productivity, and improving effective chemical utilisation. Technologies are revolving, and IR4.0 components are cost-effective to be embraced in the field. A study was carried out to evaluate the performance of a sensor-spraying system attached to a three-wheeler prime mover. A Lidar sensor was used for palm circle spraying activity. An average 25% chemical reduction was obtained by embracing the sensor-spraying compared to a manually triggered system. The technology's effective cost is about RM 3 per ha with almost 30 ha per day coverage area. Integrating the system with IoT provides traceability of the activity on a web-based application. Thus, the system could enhance the standard operating procedure of chemical spraying in the field. The Lidar spraying system could provide better operational cost savings, reduce chemical consumption, increase worker productivity, provide a better monitoring system, and reduce labour requirements for oil palm fields' general upkeep activity.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138961203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Khairul Fadzly Md Radzi, Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid, Mohd Ikmal Hafizi Azaman, Aminulrashid Mohamed, Daryl Jay Thadeus, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri
The oil palm industry is facing highly severe labour shortages where most labourers involved in the plantation consist of foreign workers. The usage of manual labourers revealed several negative drawbacks which has caused lower productivity in the oil palm industry. Hence, the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has made continuous efforts to enhance the efficiency of oil palm plantations by providing assistance in mechanisation and engineering technologies. This covers from the early stage of oil palm cultivation such as land preparation, fertiliser deployment, fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting, FFB evacuation and up to the clearing of old palm trees. This article aims to highlight the strategies of the Mechanisation and Automation Research Consortium of Oil Palm (MARCOP) through collaborative efforts and engagements with all relevant parties and agencies for the development of technical and economically viable mechanisation technologies to be adopted by the industry. The consortium's goal is to investigate mechanisation and automation technologies for oil palm plantations in order to increase productivity, with a particular emphasis on the operation of harvesting FFBs, and to reduce reliance on manual harvesters. Furthermore, the consortium provides a technology development fund to eligible applicants for the development of cost-effective and versatile FFB harvesting technologies.
{"title":"The Initiative to Further Enhance Technology Adoption in the Malaysian Oil Palm Industry","authors":"Mohd Khairul Fadzly Md Radzi, Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid, Mohd Ikmal Hafizi Azaman, Aminulrashid Mohamed, Daryl Jay Thadeus, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000413","url":null,"abstract":"The oil palm industry is facing highly severe labour shortages where most labourers involved in the plantation consist of foreign workers. The usage of manual labourers revealed several negative drawbacks which has caused lower productivity in the oil palm industry. Hence, the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) has made continuous efforts to enhance the efficiency of oil palm plantations by providing assistance in mechanisation and engineering technologies. This covers from the early stage of oil palm cultivation such as land preparation, fertiliser deployment, fresh fruit bunch (FFB) harvesting, FFB evacuation and up to the clearing of old palm trees. This article aims to highlight the strategies of the Mechanisation and Automation Research Consortium of Oil Palm (MARCOP) through collaborative efforts and engagements with all relevant parties and agencies for the development of technical and economically viable mechanisation technologies to be adopted by the industry. The consortium's goal is to investigate mechanisation and automation technologies for oil palm plantations in order to increase productivity, with a particular emphasis on the operation of harvesting FFBs, and to reduce reliance on manual harvesters. Furthermore, the consortium provides a technology development fund to eligible applicants for the development of cost-effective and versatile FFB harvesting technologies.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"13 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial machines and robots use actuators to facilitate repetitive tasks. Conventionally, stiff actuators are used to enable precise position control in a high-pace system. They are usually placed in human-free environments because of safety concerns as they do not comply in a collision. On the other hand, there has been a growing interest in human-robot interactions that require robots to be placed alongside humans. These applications need a soft actuator. An example of a soft actuator is a pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) which produces a one-way motion and force as a result of the muscle’s contraction under air pressure. In this paper, the aim is to present a systematic review covering the main published solutions of soft actuators including PMA in agricultural applications. This paper provides a useful foundation on the soft actuators, their main applications in agriculture, their challenges and opportunities, as well as supporting new research works in the soft actuators' field.
{"title":"A Systematic Review of Soft Actuators in Agriculture","authors":"Mohd Akmal Mhd Yusoff, Ahmad Athif Mohd Faudzi","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000417","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial machines and robots use actuators to facilitate repetitive tasks. Conventionally, stiff actuators are used to enable precise position control in a high-pace system. They are usually placed in human-free environments because of safety concerns as they do not comply in a collision. On the other hand, there has been a growing interest in human-robot interactions that require robots to be placed alongside humans. These applications need a soft actuator. An example of a soft actuator is a pneumatic muscle actuator (PMA) which produces a one-way motion and force as a result of the muscle’s contraction under air pressure. In this paper, the aim is to present a systematic review covering the main published solutions of soft actuators including PMA in agricultural applications. This paper provides a useful foundation on the soft actuators, their main applications in agriculture, their challenges and opportunities, as well as supporting new research works in the soft actuators' field.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"73 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139199787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daryl Jay Thaddeus, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid, M. R. Ahmad, Mohd Ikmal Hafizi Azaman, Nabilah Kamaliah Mustaffa, Mohd Khairul Fadzly Md Radzi, Ahmad Syazwan Ramli
The oil palm industry is labour-intensive to efficiently sustain the productivity of plantations. This article aims to review the benefits and advantages of mechanisation and introduce the types of machinery available to achieve it. The implementation of mechanisation in the oil palm plantation can help ease the dependence on human labour while avoiding diminishing field output. Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) evacuation involves the transportation of FFBs after harvesting from the field to the mill. The conventional methods for evacuation activities involve the use of wheelbarrows and lorries or tractors. The harvested FFBs will be evacuated using a wheelbarrow from the infield and placed on a platform before being hauled out of the plantation by tractor or lorry to the mill or collection point. New tractors attached with FFB grabbers and the systematic planting of oil palm in rows can help to reduce the amount of labour required and improve the quality of life for plantation workers. The Malaysian palm oil board (MPOB) has developed transport vehicles such as the Hydra-Porter, Grabber, and Beluga that are available to the industry. Optimising FFB evacuation in the oil palm plantation could improve FFB yields. Plantations that implemented the scissor lift trailer and FFB grabber combination could on average collect 27.5 tonnes of FFB a day.
{"title":"An Overview of the Benefits and Advantages of Implementing Mechanisation in the Oil Palm Plantation: A Look at Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) Evacuation","authors":"Daryl Jay Thaddeus, Mohd Azwan Mohd Bakri, Mohd Ramdhan Mohd Khalid, M. R. Ahmad, Mohd Ikmal Hafizi Azaman, Nabilah Kamaliah Mustaffa, Mohd Khairul Fadzly Md Radzi, Ahmad Syazwan Ramli","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000411","url":null,"abstract":"The oil palm industry is labour-intensive to efficiently sustain the productivity of plantations. This article aims to review the benefits and advantages of mechanisation and introduce the types of machinery available to achieve it. The implementation of mechanisation in the oil palm plantation can help ease the dependence on human labour while avoiding diminishing field output. Fresh fruit bunch (FFB) evacuation involves the transportation of FFBs after harvesting from the field to the mill. The conventional methods for evacuation activities involve the use of wheelbarrows and lorries or tractors. The harvested FFBs will be evacuated using a wheelbarrow from the infield and placed on a platform before being hauled out of the plantation by tractor or lorry to the mill or collection point. New tractors attached with FFB grabbers and the systematic planting of oil palm in rows can help to reduce the amount of labour required and improve the quality of life for plantation workers. The Malaysian palm oil board (MPOB) has developed transport vehicles such as the Hydra-Porter, Grabber, and Beluga that are available to the industry. Optimising FFB evacuation in the oil palm plantation could improve FFB yields. Plantations that implemented the scissor lift trailer and FFB grabber combination could on average collect 27.5 tonnes of FFB a day.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139275742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mini combine harvesters have been very popular among paddy farmers. The compact size of the machine, in addition to the axial flow threshing mechanism and the effect of low ground pressure on paddy soil, makes it a potential alternative for efficient paddy harvesting of a height-adjustable mini combine harvester used for harvesting paddy fields. This type of harvester was tested in typical paddy field conditions planted with MR297 variety at MARDI Seberang Perai. The performance tests included measuring theoretical and effective field capacity, field efficiency, soil bearing capacity before and after machine disturbance and machine slippage. The fuel consumption was also recorded. The combined harvesting losses were also measured during the experiment. Results showed that in wet and muddy conditions, the mini combine harvester obtained a theoretical field capacity (TFC) of 1.28 ha/hr, effective field capacity (EFC) of 0.94 ha/hr and a field efficiency (FE) of 73.4%. The average fuel consumption of the mini combine harvester was 25 L /ha. The wheel slippage in wet paddy fields was 2.18% and on farm roads was 1.55%. The mini combine harvester also contributed to producing less ground effects, combined with the use of low ground contact pressure tracks, that caused minimal soil disturbance that would affect the soil hardpan layer. This mini combine harvester produced an average harvesting loss of 2.3% with an average harvesting impurity of 10.65%. The mini combine harvester had enough power to move in typical paddy field conditions, with no soft soil problems. The mini combine harvester was able to turn 360 degrees within a small area, which made it suitable for harvesting in paddy fields. Thus, this mini combine harvester has the potential to be used for paddy harvesting with the ability to not only produce minimal harvesting loss, but also produce less ground contact pressure which can help to manage the soil hardpan layer from being easily damaged.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of a Height Adjustable Mini Combine Harvester","authors":"Mohd Taufik Ahmad, M. Khadzir","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000405","url":null,"abstract":"Mini combine harvesters have been very popular among paddy farmers. The compact size of the machine, in addition to the axial flow threshing mechanism and the effect of low ground pressure on paddy soil, makes it a potential alternative for efficient paddy harvesting of a height-adjustable mini combine harvester used for harvesting paddy fields. This type of harvester was tested in typical paddy field conditions planted with MR297 variety at MARDI Seberang Perai. The performance tests included measuring theoretical and effective field capacity, field efficiency, soil bearing capacity before and after machine disturbance and machine slippage. The fuel consumption was also recorded. The combined harvesting losses were also measured during the experiment. Results showed that in wet and muddy conditions, the mini combine harvester obtained a theoretical field capacity (TFC) of 1.28 ha/hr, effective field capacity (EFC) of 0.94 ha/hr and a field efficiency (FE) of 73.4%. The average fuel consumption of the mini combine harvester was 25 L /ha. The wheel slippage in wet paddy fields was 2.18% and on farm roads was 1.55%. The mini combine harvester also contributed to producing less ground effects, combined with the use of low ground contact pressure tracks, that caused minimal soil disturbance that would affect the soil hardpan layer. This mini combine harvester produced an average harvesting loss of 2.3% with an average harvesting impurity of 10.65%. The mini combine harvester had enough power to move in typical paddy field conditions, with no soft soil problems. The mini combine harvester was able to turn 360 degrees within a small area, which made it suitable for harvesting in paddy fields. Thus, this mini combine harvester has the potential to be used for paddy harvesting with the ability to not only produce minimal harvesting loss, but also produce less ground contact pressure which can help to manage the soil hardpan layer from being easily damaged.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139280959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Syariffuddeen Mhd Adnan, Jeevan Karruppan, Hanisa Hosni, Engku Hasmah Engku Abdullah, Siti Aishah Sulaiman, Nurhidayatulalia Sanusi, Tuan Muhammad Fakhruddin Tuan Yunos, Muhammad Izzuddin Abdullah Sabar
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a significant source of nourishment in most Asian countries since it is a primary source of carbohydrates, micronutrients (Fe and Zn) and vitamins, offering broad prospects for food and nutritional security. MARDI’s variety, namely MRQ 107, was chosen for producing parboiled rice using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique at different soaking hours (2, 4 and 6) with steaming time at intervals of 15, 30 and 45 mins with hot water temperature 70ºC and 75ºC. The results have shown that parboiled rice of MRQ 107 process at selected parameter consistently has produced a high milling percentage in the 69-70% range with conversion to Head Rice Yield (HRY) in the range 84%-97%. This finding shows that good quality MRQ 107 parboiled rice can be produced through the parameters selected with a recovery of a high percentage of rice heads (head rice) and has the potential to resolve the economic losses to millers from losing out due to a high rate of broken rice especially during parboiled rice processing.
{"title":"Evaluation of Physical Quality Characterization MRQ 107 Parboil Rice Production Using Selected Parameter","authors":"Amir Syariffuddeen Mhd Adnan, Jeevan Karruppan, Hanisa Hosni, Engku Hasmah Engku Abdullah, Siti Aishah Sulaiman, Nurhidayatulalia Sanusi, Tuan Muhammad Fakhruddin Tuan Yunos, Muhammad Izzuddin Abdullah Sabar","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000377","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a significant source of nourishment in most Asian countries since it is a primary source of carbohydrates, micronutrients (Fe and Zn) and vitamins, offering broad prospects for food and nutritional security. MARDI’s variety, namely MRQ 107, was chosen for producing parboiled rice using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) technique at different soaking hours (2, 4 and 6) with steaming time at intervals of 15, 30 and 45 mins with hot water temperature 70ºC and 75ºC. The results have shown that parboiled rice of MRQ 107 process at selected parameter consistently has produced a high milling percentage in the 69-70% range with conversion to Head Rice Yield (HRY) in the range 84%-97%. This finding shows that good quality MRQ 107 parboiled rice can be produced through the parameters selected with a recovery of a high percentage of rice heads (head rice) and has the potential to resolve the economic losses to millers from losing out due to a high rate of broken rice especially during parboiled rice processing.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139363696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sairi, Nurulhuda Ghazali, Joanna Cho Lee Ying, M. S. Hassan Basri, Sharifah Hafiza Mohd Ramli, M. F. Mail, A. Mohd noh, Yahya Sahari, Mohd Shahrir Azizan, Mohd Zaffrie Mat Amin, Azman Hamzah, Azhar Mat Noor, Mohamad Abhar Akmal Hamid, Nur Izzati Muhsin, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Amin Tawakkal, Amir Redzuan Shamsulkamal, S. Alwi, Mohd Zaimi Zainol Abidin, M. Jamaluddin, Mohd Daniel Hazeq Abdul Rashid, Mohd Azmirredzuan Sani
The study presents the performance and potential of an evaporative-cooled storage system for the short-term storage of fruit vegetables during transportation. The evaporative cooler, storage unit, power supply, control panel, and real-time data monitoring system are the components of the evaporative-cooled storage system. In this study, the system performance was assessed in terms of the cooling profile of the storage unit (temperature and relative humidity profiles), and postharvest quality of the selected fruit vegetables (chili, tomato, and long bean) for the fresh market. Three storage treatments for the selected fruit vegetables were investigated, i.e., evaporative-cooled storage unit (T1), ambient room (T2), and cold room (T3). The average temperature inside the storage unit was T3 < T2 < T1. T1 demonstrated RH of > 90 %, in agreement with recommended RH for vegetable storage. Post-five-hour storage treatments, vegetables stored under T1 exhibited the least weight loss as compared to T2 and T3. The application of an evaporative-cooled storage system provided potential to preserve fruit vegetable postharvest quality during transportation.
{"title":"Performance Assessment of Evaporative-Cooled Storage System in Short-Term Storage of Fruit Vegetables during Transportation","authors":"M. Sairi, Nurulhuda Ghazali, Joanna Cho Lee Ying, M. S. Hassan Basri, Sharifah Hafiza Mohd Ramli, M. F. Mail, A. Mohd noh, Yahya Sahari, Mohd Shahrir Azizan, Mohd Zaffrie Mat Amin, Azman Hamzah, Azhar Mat Noor, Mohamad Abhar Akmal Hamid, Nur Izzati Muhsin, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Amin Tawakkal, Amir Redzuan Shamsulkamal, S. Alwi, Mohd Zaimi Zainol Abidin, M. Jamaluddin, Mohd Daniel Hazeq Abdul Rashid, Mohd Azmirredzuan Sani","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000351","url":null,"abstract":"The study presents the performance and potential of an evaporative-cooled storage system for the short-term storage of fruit vegetables during transportation. The evaporative cooler, storage unit, power supply, control panel, and real-time data monitoring system are the components of the evaporative-cooled storage system. In this study, the system performance was assessed in terms of the cooling profile of the storage unit (temperature and relative humidity profiles), and postharvest quality of the selected fruit vegetables (chili, tomato, and long bean) for the fresh market. Three storage treatments for the selected fruit vegetables were investigated, i.e., evaporative-cooled storage unit (T1), ambient room (T2), and cold room (T3). The average temperature inside the storage unit was T3 < T2 < T1. T1 demonstrated RH of > 90 %, in agreement with recommended RH for vegetable storage. Post-five-hour storage treatments, vegetables stored under T1 exhibited the least weight loss as compared to T2 and T3. The application of an evaporative-cooled storage system provided potential to preserve fruit vegetable postharvest quality during transportation.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"156 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125913154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Sripong, T. Srinon, A. Uthairatanakij, S. Limmatvapirat, P. Jitareerat
Methyl bromide fumigation aims to control insect infestation in mangosteen fruit before export which leads to reduce the fruit quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to control the quality of methyl bromide fumigated mangosteen using integrated postharvest technology. Fruit were prepared by fumigating with 32 g m-3 for 2 hours, washed with tap water, surfaced disinfestation with sodium hypochlorite. The prepared fruit samples were divided to treat with different methods as follows; 1) fruit were coated with ethanolic shellac-modified coconut oil (ES-MCO) and then packed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) bag containing ethylene inhibitor (1-MCP sachet), 2) fruit were coated with ES-MCO and packed in LDPE bag, 3) fruit were treated with ES-MCO and packed in nylon net bag, and 4) fruit were non-coated and packed in nylon net bag (control). All fruit samples were kept at 13ºC for 20 days (as the shipment stimulation) and then transferred to 25ºC for 2 days (as the shelf-life stimulation). The results revealed that after 15 days of storage fruit were treated with ES-MCO + LDPE bag + 1-MCP sachet showed the highest reduction of fruit rot disease and this treatment helped to delay the drying and browning of mangosteen calyx, chlorophyll degradation of the calyx, and reduce weight loss, the respiration rate and ethylene production. However after storage for 20 days, the pericarp of mangosteen in fruit treated with ES-MCO + LDPE bag + 1-MCP sachet became hard, and its shelf-life was 15 days.
{"title":"Application of Integrated Postharvest Technology for Maintaining the Quality of Methyl Bromide Fumigated Mangosteen Fruit","authors":"K. Sripong, T. Srinon, A. Uthairatanakij, S. Limmatvapirat, P. Jitareerat","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000359","url":null,"abstract":"Methyl bromide fumigation aims to control insect infestation in mangosteen fruit before export which leads to reduce the fruit quality. Thus, the objective of this study was to control the quality of methyl bromide fumigated mangosteen using integrated postharvest technology. Fruit were prepared by fumigating with 32 g m-3 for 2 hours, washed with tap water, surfaced disinfestation with sodium hypochlorite. The prepared fruit samples were divided to treat with different methods as follows; 1) fruit were coated with ethanolic shellac-modified coconut oil (ES-MCO) and then packed in low density polyethylene (LDPE) bag containing ethylene inhibitor (1-MCP sachet), 2) fruit were coated with ES-MCO and packed in LDPE bag, 3) fruit were treated with ES-MCO and packed in nylon net bag, and 4) fruit were non-coated and packed in nylon net bag (control). All fruit samples were kept at 13ºC for 20 days (as the shipment stimulation) and then transferred to 25ºC for 2 days (as the shelf-life stimulation). The results revealed that after 15 days of storage fruit were treated with ES-MCO + LDPE bag + 1-MCP sachet showed the highest reduction of fruit rot disease and this treatment helped to delay the drying and browning of mangosteen calyx, chlorophyll degradation of the calyx, and reduce weight loss, the respiration rate and ethylene production. However after storage for 20 days, the pericarp of mangosteen in fruit treated with ES-MCO + LDPE bag + 1-MCP sachet became hard, and its shelf-life was 15 days.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125276638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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