The rice bran oil (RBO) can form its semisolid spread through solvent fractionation. The rice bran oil spread (RBOS) is proposed to be included in the production of bakery products. The aim of this is study is to compare the physicochemical, textural properties and thermal properties of RBOS with commercial shortening (CS). Spreadability analysis was conducted using a texture analyzer. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in firmness and work of shear between CS and RBOS. The fatty acid compositions were determined through GC-MS. The major fatty acids in RBOS were palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid which is similar to those in RBO but significantly (p < 0.05) higher in saturated fatty acid content. RBO contains a high amount of γ-oryzanol and phytosterols which is beneficial in solid fat structuring. The quantitation of γ-oryzanol was performed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer while the phytosterol content was analyzed by using HPLC. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in γ-oryzanol between RBO (1,299.88 ± 50.97 mg/ 100 g sample) and RBOS (1,201.86 ± 84.37 mg/ 100 g sample). However, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in phytosterols between CS (4.17 ± 0.26 mg/ 100 g sample), RBO (247.00 ± 0.89 mg/ 100 g sample) and RBOS (184.16 ± 0.56 mg/ 100 g sample). Besides, thermal analysis of CS and RBOS were carried out using DSC and TGA. The similar textural properties but better physicochemical properties make RBOS becomes a suitable choice as alternate shortening for bakery product.
{"title":"Physicochemical, Textural, Thermal Properties of Rice Bran Oil Spread as Alternate Shortening for Bakery Products","authors":"Huiling Eng, N. M. Rozalli, N. Ilias","doi":"10.36877/AAFRJ.A0000207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/AAFRJ.A0000207","url":null,"abstract":"The rice bran oil (RBO) can form its semisolid spread through solvent fractionation. The rice bran oil spread (RBOS) is proposed to be included in the production of bakery products. The aim of this is study is to compare the physicochemical, textural properties and thermal properties of RBOS with commercial shortening (CS). Spreadability analysis was conducted using a texture analyzer. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in firmness and work of shear between CS and RBOS. The fatty acid compositions were determined through GC-MS. The major fatty acids in RBOS were palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid which is similar to those in RBO but significantly (p < 0.05) higher in saturated fatty acid content. RBO contains a high amount of γ-oryzanol and phytosterols which is beneficial in solid fat structuring. The quantitation of γ-oryzanol was performed by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer while the phytosterol content was analyzed by using HPLC. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in γ-oryzanol between RBO (1,299.88 ± 50.97 mg/ 100 g sample) and RBOS (1,201.86 ± 84.37 mg/ 100 g sample). However, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in phytosterols between CS (4.17 ± 0.26 mg/ 100 g sample), RBO (247.00 ± 0.89 mg/ 100 g sample) and RBOS (184.16 ± 0.56 mg/ 100 g sample). Besides, thermal analysis of CS and RBOS were carried out using DSC and TGA. The similar textural properties but better physicochemical properties make RBOS becomes a suitable choice as alternate shortening for bakery product.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133581993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. A. Bakar, Siti Noor Aliah Baharom, Rohazrin Abdul Rani, Mohd Taufik Ahmad, M. Zubir, Adli Fikri Ahmad Sayuti, Mohd Nadzim Nordin, Mohammad Aufa Mhd. Bookeri, J. Muslimin
This work reviews the current state of the art for pineapple production in Malaysia from the perspective of mechanization and automation. It examines the issues and challenges facing this industry. The review has led us to the conclusion that pineapple production still relies heavily on manual labour. The problems facing this industry is no different than other food crops in that low yield labour and high cost are the primary issues that need to be tackled. Although numerous engineering research work to overcome production issues has been done for crops such as rice and maize, engineering research for pineapples has been scarce. The lack of engineering research literature on this crop presents an opportunity for the scientific community to invest effort in this relatively untapped industry. This work further proposes areas where the use of Industry 4.0 technologies can be exploited in order to increase productivity and reduce input costs. Cyber-physical systems that could address issues in planting, crop maintenance and harvesting are put forth as a possible solution.
{"title":"A Review of Mechanization and Automation in Malaysia’s Pineapple Production","authors":"B. A. Bakar, Siti Noor Aliah Baharom, Rohazrin Abdul Rani, Mohd Taufik Ahmad, M. Zubir, Adli Fikri Ahmad Sayuti, Mohd Nadzim Nordin, Mohammad Aufa Mhd. Bookeri, J. Muslimin","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000206","url":null,"abstract":"This work reviews the current state of the art for pineapple production in Malaysia from the perspective of mechanization and automation. It examines the issues and challenges facing this industry. The review has led us to the conclusion that pineapple production still relies heavily on manual labour. The problems facing this industry is no different than other food crops in that low yield labour and high cost are the primary issues that need to be tackled. Although numerous engineering research work to overcome production issues has been done for crops such as rice and maize, engineering research for pineapples has been scarce. The lack of engineering research literature on this crop presents an opportunity for the scientific community to invest effort in this relatively untapped industry. This work further proposes areas where the use of Industry 4.0 technologies can be exploited in order to increase productivity and reduce input costs. Cyber-physical systems that could address issues in planting, crop maintenance and harvesting are put forth as a possible solution.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126289631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nor Aziatul Azidah Azhari, R. Shamsudin, S. Kasim, Muhammad Ammar Syaheed Rahmat
Most plants require soil as a growth media. Soilless media has been introduced to overcome the lack of soil for plant cultivations. An Azolla cube was developed as soilless growth media with nutrient-rich and water-storing capabilities through the usage of Azolla pinnata sp. Azolla cube is a new research product, providing an alternative to the existing products, such as Midorie Pafcal and Jiffy-7 pellets. This research introduced four samples of Azolla cubes at different formulations to evaluate the performance of the cubes on water absorption, water loss, and water retention. This product was developed by using two types of binder method: tapioca starch (Cassava starch) and Bentonite clay. Based on the results, sample C held an estimation of 5.94 g ± 0.01 of 10 g of water within 6 hours at room temperature while that of Sample A, B, and D was 5.45 g ± 0.01, 3.37 g ± 0.01, and 4.70 g ± 0.01, respectively. Sample C also lost an estimation of 2.56 g ± 0.01 of water within 2 days of observation. The results also showed that sample C had the highest percentage of moisture content (15.4%) after undergoing four stages of applied pressure, 0 kPa, 1 kPa, 33 kPa, and 1500 kPa, for the water retention test, in which the value of water movement remained constant. In conclusion, Azolla cube was shown to be capable of providing the nutrients needed for plants and absorbing more water compared to the current products.
{"title":"Effects of Formulation of Soilless Growth Media from Azolla Pinnata sp on Water Absorption, Water Loss, and Water Retention","authors":"Nor Aziatul Azidah Azhari, R. Shamsudin, S. Kasim, Muhammad Ammar Syaheed Rahmat","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000196","url":null,"abstract":"Most plants require soil as a growth media. Soilless media has been introduced to overcome the lack of soil for plant cultivations. An Azolla cube was developed as soilless growth media with nutrient-rich and water-storing capabilities through the usage of Azolla pinnata sp. Azolla cube is a new research product, providing an alternative to the existing products, such as Midorie Pafcal and Jiffy-7 pellets. This research introduced four samples of Azolla cubes at different formulations to evaluate the performance of the cubes on water absorption, water loss, and water retention. This product was developed by using two types of binder method: tapioca starch (Cassava starch) and Bentonite clay. Based on the results, sample C held an estimation of 5.94 g ± 0.01 of 10 g of water within 6 hours at room temperature while that of Sample A, B, and D was 5.45 g ± 0.01, 3.37 g ± 0.01, and 4.70 g ± 0.01, respectively. Sample C also lost an estimation of 2.56 g ± 0.01 of water within 2 days of observation. The results also showed that sample C had the highest percentage of moisture content (15.4%) after undergoing four stages of applied pressure, 0 kPa, 1 kPa, 33 kPa, and 1500 kPa, for the water retention test, in which the value of water movement remained constant. In conclusion, Azolla cube was shown to be capable of providing the nutrients needed for plants and absorbing more water compared to the current products.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125456169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Nurumairah Mohamed Razali, M. H. Hamzah, H. Man, M. Nor
Durian known as the King of Fruit is a prominent, common native Southeast Asian fruit and very popular among the local Malaysians. Nowadays, there are various types of durian-based products available in the market such as ice-cream, cakes, chips, chocolate bars, and pre-mixed powders. There are also traditional dessert products produced using fresh durian filling such as ‘dodol’, ‘lempuk’ and ‘bingka’. However, as time goes on, traditional desserts are increasingly forgotten. The aim of this study was to diversify durian-based products into Ready-To-Eat (RTE) durian stick. The stick production technique began with the process of grinding the durian paste, mixing the ingredients, stuffing the mixture into the sausage casing, steaming the mixture and chilling the RTE durian stick. Next, the firmness and moisture content of the RTE durian stick production were also analyzed. Apart from that, sensory evaluation is conducted to determine the consumer acceptance of the RTE durian stick that has been produced. Based on the results obtained, the best firmness for this RTE durian stick is 10.42 N. The value of the moisture content obtained is high, which is between 52.05% to 61.89%. The overall acceptability of RTE durian stick resulted 3.7 out of its full score which is 5. For the RTE durian stick, where the RTE durian stick was satisfactory to the panellists, the overall acceptability showed a score of 74%. In conclusion, this method can be used to increase the added value and uniqueness of the RTE durian-based stick produced, however, improvements such as product formulations and freezing methods to extend the product’s shelf life is necessary for the future to produce better RTE dessert products. The RTE durian stick has potential to be commercialized for local and international markets based on the overall acceptability in terms of the texture, appearance, smell and taste.
{"title":"Converting Durian-Based Traditional Dessert into Ready-To-Eat Durian Stick through Sausage Technology Application","authors":"Siti Nurumairah Mohamed Razali, M. H. Hamzah, H. Man, M. Nor","doi":"10.36877/AAFRJ.A0000198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/AAFRJ.A0000198","url":null,"abstract":"Durian known as the King of Fruit is a prominent, common native Southeast Asian fruit and very popular among the local Malaysians. Nowadays, there are various types of durian-based products available in the market such as ice-cream, cakes, chips, chocolate bars, and pre-mixed powders. There are also traditional dessert products produced using fresh durian filling such as ‘dodol’, ‘lempuk’ and ‘bingka’. However, as time goes on, traditional desserts are increasingly forgotten. The aim of this study was to diversify durian-based products into Ready-To-Eat (RTE) durian stick. The stick production technique began with the process of grinding the durian paste, mixing the ingredients, stuffing the mixture into the sausage casing, steaming the mixture and chilling the RTE durian stick. Next, the firmness and moisture content of the RTE durian stick production were also analyzed. Apart from that, sensory evaluation is conducted to determine the consumer acceptance of the RTE durian stick that has been produced. Based on the results obtained, the best firmness for this RTE durian stick is 10.42 N. The value of the moisture content obtained is high, which is between 52.05% to 61.89%. The overall acceptability of RTE durian stick resulted 3.7 out of its full score which is 5. For the RTE durian stick, where the RTE durian stick was satisfactory to the panellists, the overall acceptability showed a score of 74%. In conclusion, this method can be used to increase the added value and uniqueness of the RTE durian-based stick produced, however, improvements such as product formulations and freezing methods to extend the product’s shelf life is necessary for the future to produce better RTE dessert products. The RTE durian stick has potential to be commercialized for local and international markets based on the overall acceptability in terms of the texture, appearance, smell and taste.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126739095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Khadzir, M. T. Ahmad, Muhammad Omar, M. S. S. Mohd Ghazali
Crop maintenance machinery for herbicide spraying and spreading fertilizer input has been the current practice for paddy production in Malaysia, especially in large granary areas. Soft soil issues in paddy fields have become a significant problem and prevent heavy machinery from conducting field operations. Current paddy prime movers use rubber wheels that produce high ground contact pressure onto the soil for crop maintenance operation. With high ground contact pressure, the probability of machines sinking into the soil, or bogged down, is higher and can cause the machine to get stuck. This also can result in hardpan damage (Mandang et al., 2000). Recently, prime agriculture mover uses steel track that has the issue on-road or soil damaged due to the grousers material use. Engineering Research Centre in Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) have found an alternative solution for this issue by developing and replacing all the wheels on a standard 12.75 kW (17 hp) High Clearance Prime Mover with Polyoxymethylene (POM) grousers equipped on triangular track-based system. This paper aims to find the optimal size of grousers for POM material to be installed on the high clearance machinery for alternative solutions to solve problematic soil and its effect on the soil. Polyoxymethylene or POM was chosen due to its excellent rigidity, impact toughness, abrasion resistance, creep resistance and solvent resistance, hydrolytic stability fatigue endurance, low coefficient of friction lightweight. To develop suitable POM grousers, a triangular track-based system has been tested with three different length sizes of rectangular wooden track grousers 13 x 4 x 4 cm, 15 x 4 x 4 cm, and 18 x 4 x 4 cm that could be quickly mounted on or removed from D4 track chain, permitting rapid sequential testing on the soft soil area. Field tests have been conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang. The measured parameters were slippage, machine sinkage, and soil compaction. The high clearance prime mover obtained slippage of 16.4% using 13cm shoes and 18.2% for 15 cm 22.2% for 18 cm accordingly, and sinkage for all shoe size were less than 30 cm.
在马来西亚，特别是在大型粮仓地区，目前的做法是使用作物维护机械喷洒除草剂和施肥。水田软土问题已成为严重的问题，严重影响了重型机械的田间作业。目前的水稻原动机使用橡胶轮，对土壤产生较高的地面接触压力，用于作物维护作业。在高地面接触压力的情况下，机器陷入土壤或陷入困境的可能性更高，并可能导致机器卡住。这也会导致硬壳损伤(Mandang et al.， 2000)。近年来，主要的农业运输车采用钢轨，存在着由于运输车的材料使用而造成道路或土壤损坏的问题。马来西亚农业研究与发展研究所(MARDI)的工程研究中心为这个问题找到了另一种解决方案，他们开发并替换了标准12.75千瓦(17马力)高间隙原动机上的所有车轮，并配备了三角形轨道系统的聚甲醛(POM) grogroers。本文旨在寻找安装在高间隙机械上的POM材料的最佳尺寸，作为解决问题土壤的替代方案及其对土壤的影响。聚甲醛(POM)具有优良的刚性、冲击韧性、耐磨性、抗蠕变性和耐溶剂性、水解稳定性、耐疲劳性、摩擦系数低、重量轻等特点。为了开发合适的POM滑轨器，一个基于三角形轨道的系统已经测试了三种不同长度尺寸的矩形木制滑轨器13 x 4 x 4 cm, 15 x 4 x 4 cm和18 x 4 x 4 cm，这些滑轨器可以快速安装在或从D4轨道链上卸下，允许在软土区域进行快速顺序测试。在槟榔屿的滨海农业发展中心进行了实地试验。测量参数为滑移、机器沉降和土壤压实。高间隙原动机在使用13cm鞋时滑移率为16.4%，使用15cm鞋时滑移率为18.2%，使用18cm鞋时滑移率为22.2%，所有鞋码的滑移率均小于30cm。
{"title":"Evaluation of Lightweight Grousers for Agricultural Tracks: New Solution for Soft Soil Problem","authors":"M. Khadzir, M. T. Ahmad, Muhammad Omar, M. S. S. Mohd Ghazali","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000180","url":null,"abstract":"Crop maintenance machinery for herbicide spraying and spreading fertilizer input has been the current practice for paddy production in Malaysia, especially in large granary areas. Soft soil issues in paddy fields have become a significant problem and prevent heavy machinery from conducting field operations. Current paddy prime movers use rubber wheels that produce high ground contact pressure onto the soil for crop maintenance operation. With high ground contact pressure, the probability of machines sinking into the soil, or bogged down, is higher and can cause the machine to get stuck. This also can result in hardpan damage (Mandang et al., 2000). Recently, prime agriculture mover uses steel track that has the issue on-road or soil damaged due to the grousers material use. Engineering Research Centre in Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) have found an alternative solution for this issue by developing and replacing all the wheels on a standard 12.75 kW (17 hp) High Clearance Prime Mover with Polyoxymethylene (POM) grousers equipped on triangular track-based system. This paper aims to find the optimal size of grousers for POM material to be installed on the high clearance machinery for alternative solutions to solve problematic soil and its effect on the soil. Polyoxymethylene or POM was chosen due to its excellent rigidity, impact toughness, abrasion resistance, creep resistance and solvent resistance, hydrolytic stability fatigue endurance, low coefficient of friction lightweight. To develop suitable POM grousers, a triangular track-based system has been tested with three different length sizes of rectangular wooden track grousers 13 x 4 x 4 cm, 15 x 4 x 4 cm, and 18 x 4 x 4 cm that could be quickly mounted on or removed from D4 track chain, permitting rapid sequential testing on the soft soil area. Field tests have been conducted at MARDI Seberang Perai, Pulau Pinang. The measured parameters were slippage, machine sinkage, and soil compaction. The high clearance prime mover obtained slippage of 16.4% using 13cm shoes and 18.2% for 15 cm 22.2% for 18 cm accordingly, and sinkage for all shoe size were less than 30 cm.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117295025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Komsan Tantichukiad, A. Yahya, Anas Mohd Mustafah, H. Harith, A. S. Mohd Rafie, A. S. Mat Su
Most wetland rice production schemes have good networks of irrigation and drainage canals built for the benefit of the farmers to perform farming activities. The canals have ample volume of running water all year round and could be harnessed for hydropower. The Savonius hydrokinetic turbine has been generally used to generate electrical energy as the means of renewable source over fossil fuels. Numerous parameters have been studied to enhance the performance of the turbine. However, the turbine power performance is still low as compared to other types even though it is known to have excellent torque characteristics. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of a central shaft and a guiding wall on the performances of the Savonius hydrokinetic turbines by using two-dimensional computational simulations. ANSYS Fluent software with the standard k-ε turbulence model and dynamic mesh motion techniques were used to get the optimum central shaft and guiding wall configurations. The central shaft was studied in three cases; (I) with a full shaft, (II) with a shaft and space, and (III) without shaft between two end plates. Moreover, the turbine performances were also evaluated with and without the presence of a guiding wall. The turbine performances were computed. Simulation results e.g. velocity, pressure contours and flow structures across a SHKT model were analysed and discussed.
{"title":"Computational Studies on the Effects of a Central Shaft and a Guiding Wall on the Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbine Performances","authors":"Komsan Tantichukiad, A. Yahya, Anas Mohd Mustafah, H. Harith, A. S. Mohd Rafie, A. S. Mat Su","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000253","url":null,"abstract":"Most wetland rice production schemes have good networks of irrigation and drainage canals built for the benefit of the farmers to perform farming activities. The canals have ample volume of running water all year round and could be harnessed for hydropower. The Savonius hydrokinetic turbine has been generally used to generate electrical energy as the means of renewable source over fossil fuels. Numerous parameters have been studied to enhance the performance of the turbine. However, the turbine power performance is still low as compared to other types even though it is known to have excellent torque characteristics. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of a central shaft and a guiding wall on the performances of the Savonius hydrokinetic turbines by using two-dimensional computational simulations. ANSYS Fluent software with the standard k-ε turbulence model and dynamic mesh motion techniques were used to get the optimum central shaft and guiding wall configurations. The central shaft was studied in three cases; (I) with a full shaft, (II) with a shaft and space, and (III) without shaft between two end plates. Moreover, the turbine performances were also evaluated with and without the presence of a guiding wall. The turbine performances were computed. Simulation results e.g. velocity, pressure contours and flow structures across a SHKT model were analysed and discussed.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117268701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) is a work-based education and training process with a strong emphasis on industry practice. The purpose of this paper is to study whether TVET in oil palm industry can produce a competent trainee in Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) harvesting and collecting. A competent trainee must have knowledge and skill to do job successfully. A qualified harvester cuts the ripe FFB to maximize Oil Extraction Rate (OER) and prunes the optimum frond number. Same goes to a trained collector picks FFB as well as loose fruit within 24 hours to minimize Free Fatty Acid (FFA). By studying National Occupational Skills Standards (NOSS) used, Pusat Latihan Sawit Malaysia (PLASMA) standard practice, and analysing trainee’s examination results, this study shows PLASMA capable and able to train skilled workers in oil palm industry. Several recommendations and suggestions have been highlighted in ensuring the improvement of the PLASMA quality and maintain its value and standard in the future as well as to the oil palm plantation company to take serious action for hiring the TVET trainee as their skilled workers.
{"title":"Evaluation on TVET Assessment in Oil Palm Operation Focuses on Mechanized FFB Harvesting and Collecting","authors":"Mohd Muwazib Anuar, Siti Balqis Jaafar","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000183","url":null,"abstract":"Technical Vocational Education Training (TVET) is a work-based education and training process with a strong emphasis on industry practice. The purpose of this paper is to study whether TVET in oil palm industry can produce a competent trainee in Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) harvesting and collecting. A competent trainee must have knowledge and skill to do job successfully. A qualified harvester cuts the ripe FFB to maximize Oil Extraction Rate (OER) and prunes the optimum frond number. Same goes to a trained collector picks FFB as well as loose fruit within 24 hours to minimize Free Fatty Acid (FFA). By studying National Occupational Skills Standards (NOSS) used, Pusat Latihan Sawit Malaysia (PLASMA) standard practice, and analysing trainee’s examination results, this study shows PLASMA capable and able to train skilled workers in oil palm industry. Several recommendations and suggestions have been highlighted in ensuring the improvement of the PLASMA quality and maintain its value and standard in the future as well as to the oil palm plantation company to take serious action for hiring the TVET trainee as their skilled workers.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129555544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Starch is one of the food sources that can be extracted from cereals, roots, tubers and stem. Sago palm (metroxylon spp.) is one example of the starch source. The efficiency of the starch extraction process depends on the mechanical properties of process material. This study was conducted to determine the angle of repose between grated sago and kinetic friction of the contact surface between process material and machine. The angle of repose (θ) of grated sago was determined by using a cone shape hopper attached to an adjustable height bar. The cone was filled with a 100g sample of grated sago and slowly adjusted to an upward direction to release the grated sago and will form a conical shape. The cone shape base diameter and height were measured. Next, a square block of debarked sago trunk (8cm × 8cm × 8cm) was placed on a stainless steel plate and attached to a rope at middle connected to force gauges. The pulling speed was at 1.27 mm/min and the result of total pulling load (F) was recorded. The process was repeated for materials with different moisture content (MC) of 60%, 50%, 40%, and 30%. Based on the experimental results, the angle of repose (AoR= 47.000±0.31) and coefficient of kinetic friction (μ k) 0.88±0.005 at MC= 60% showed decrease in value (AoR= 43.610±0.34; μ k = 0.83±0.002) when the MC decrease by 30% (P<0.01).
{"title":"Effect of Moisture Content on the Angle of Repose and Coefficient of Kinetic Friction of Sago Trunk (Metroxylon spp.)","authors":"W. Azman, R. Shamsudin, M. Nor, Azman Hamzah","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000179","url":null,"abstract":"Starch is one of the food sources that can be extracted from cereals, roots, tubers and stem. Sago palm (metroxylon spp.) is one example of the starch source. The efficiency of the starch extraction process depends on the mechanical properties of process material. This study was conducted to determine the angle of repose between grated sago and kinetic friction of the contact surface between process material and machine. The angle of repose (θ) of grated sago was determined by using a cone shape hopper attached to an adjustable height bar. The cone was filled with a 100g sample of grated sago and slowly adjusted to an upward direction to release the grated sago and will form a conical shape. The cone shape base diameter and height were measured. Next, a square block of debarked sago trunk (8cm × 8cm × 8cm) was placed on a stainless steel plate and attached to a rope at middle connected to force gauges. The pulling speed was at 1.27 mm/min and the result of total pulling load (F) was recorded. The process was repeated for materials with different moisture content (MC) of 60%, 50%, 40%, and 30%. Based on the experimental results, the angle of repose (AoR= 47.000±0.31) and coefficient of kinetic friction (μ k) 0.88±0.005 at MC= 60% showed decrease in value (AoR= 43.610±0.34; μ k = 0.83±0.002) when the MC decrease by 30% (P<0.01).","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126618517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Shaari, Farizade Mnemoi, R. Shamsudin, M. Z. Mohd Nor, N. Hashim
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most popular crop around the world. Physicochemical properties are an important element in the sweet potato processing industry. However, little knowledge is known about this variety of sweet potatoes. In this study, colour, moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate were studied subjected to three different conditions of Japanese sweet potato; whole tuber (C1), peeled tuber (C2) and skin of tuber (C3). Colour and proximate analysis were determined using the lightness (L), red/green (a) and yellow/blue (b) system and AOAC method, respectively. The result indicated that L, a* and b* ranged from 68.0–89.2, 0.48–5.65 and 11.67–13.27, respectively. The highest values of L, a and b were observed in C1, C3 and C1, respectively. Moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre were ranged from 5.93–7.86%, 2.64–8.11%, 4.64–5.47%, 0.06–0.70%, 65.96–86.96% and 1.00–2.43%, respectively. C1 had the highest value of moisture content while C2 showed to have the highest values of protein and carbohydrate. C3 was observed to have the significantly highest (p < 0.05) content of ash, lipid and crude fibre. Overall, the differences in the physicochemical properties of three different conditions of sweet potato are significant in certain properties. C1 was suggested to be the best selection for producing better quality sweet potato products. Therefore, the result obtained from this study becomes useful for further processing of sweet potatoes.
{"title":"Effects of Different Skin Processing Conditions of Japanese Sweet Potato Powder (Ipomoea batatas) on Physicochemical Properties","authors":"N. Shaari, Farizade Mnemoi, R. Shamsudin, M. Z. Mohd Nor, N. Hashim","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000191","url":null,"abstract":"Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is among the most popular crop around the world. Physicochemical properties are an important element in the sweet potato processing industry. However, little knowledge is known about this variety of sweet potatoes. In this study, colour, moisture, ash, protein, fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate were studied subjected to three different conditions of Japanese sweet potato; whole tuber (C1), peeled tuber (C2) and skin of tuber (C3). Colour and proximate analysis were determined using the lightness (L), red/green (a) and yellow/blue (b) system and AOAC method, respectively. The result indicated that L, a* and b* ranged from 68.0–89.2, 0.48–5.65 and 11.67–13.27, respectively. The highest values of L, a and b were observed in C1, C3 and C1, respectively. Moisture, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate and fibre were ranged from 5.93–7.86%, 2.64–8.11%, 4.64–5.47%, 0.06–0.70%, 65.96–86.96% and 1.00–2.43%, respectively. C1 had the highest value of moisture content while C2 showed to have the highest values of protein and carbohydrate. C3 was observed to have the significantly highest (p < 0.05) content of ash, lipid and crude fibre. Overall, the differences in the physicochemical properties of three different conditions of sweet potato are significant in certain properties. C1 was suggested to be the best selection for producing better quality sweet potato products. Therefore, the result obtained from this study becomes useful for further processing of sweet potatoes.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116839356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad aufa Mhd bookeri, Mohd fitri Masaruddin, Nuraini Ahmad arif shah, A. Mohd noh, Nurul syakira Samsuri, B. A. Abu Bakar, M. Khadzir
Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major rice pest insect in Malaysia. Series of the outbreak has been recorded in 1991, 1909, 2011, and 2015 which caused heavy yield losses. The light trap is now commonly used to monitor the pest population to predict the outbreak. The population sampling was conducted based on the crop stage at a specific sampling point and area. It has been done manually through field observations using netting, sweeping, board tapping, or survey patrol. Those methods are laborious and time-consuming. Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) has developed an early warning system for brown planthopper monitoring consisting of modular light traps and a weather database to provide earlier forecasts and more effective outbreak prediction. However, there is not much information about how effective the light trap operated in the open field to draw and trap the insects. The light trap's efficiency depends on a few factors like the trap design, type of light source, duration, and sampling time; all affect the trap's effectiveness. A 30W Compact fluorescence light (CFL) has been selected and used to build four operated light traps and placed at the appropriate selected location. Sampling works were conducted twice a week for three hours per night throughout the planting season (15 weeks). Comparative statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the light trap compared to the aerial netting method. The results showed that the difference is statistically significant between light trap and aerial netting with a value of 0.0167 at p <0.05. Therefore, brown planthopper population monitoring is more effectively done using the new design light trap.
{"title":"Evaluation of Light Trap System in Monitoring of Rice Pests, Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens)","authors":"Mohammad aufa Mhd bookeri, Mohd fitri Masaruddin, Nuraini Ahmad arif shah, A. Mohd noh, Nurul syakira Samsuri, B. A. Abu Bakar, M. Khadzir","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000187","url":null,"abstract":"Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is a major rice pest insect in Malaysia. Series of the outbreak has been recorded in 1991, 1909, 2011, and 2015 which caused heavy yield losses. The light trap is now commonly used to monitor the pest population to predict the outbreak. The population sampling was conducted based on the crop stage at a specific sampling point and area. It has been done manually through field observations using netting, sweeping, board tapping, or survey patrol. Those methods are laborious and time-consuming. Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) has developed an early warning system for brown planthopper monitoring consisting of modular light traps and a weather database to provide earlier forecasts and more effective outbreak prediction. However, there is not much information about how effective the light trap operated in the open field to draw and trap the insects. The light trap's efficiency depends on a few factors like the trap design, type of light source, duration, and sampling time; all affect the trap's effectiveness. A 30W Compact fluorescence light (CFL) has been selected and used to build four operated light traps and placed at the appropriate selected location. Sampling works were conducted twice a week for three hours per night throughout the planting season (15 weeks). Comparative statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the light trap compared to the aerial netting method. The results showed that the difference is statistically significant between light trap and aerial netting with a value of 0.0167 at p <0.05. Therefore, brown planthopper population monitoring is more effectively done using the new design light trap.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134080450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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