M. Radzuan, Nazifa Athirah Mat Zakhi, Nurul Husna Radzali, Mohamad Firdza Mohamad Shukery
Biosurfactant or amphiphilic compounds are a diverse group of molecules that contains a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, division at liquid/solid, liquid/liquid, or liquid/gas interfaces. The characteristics of these biomolecules play a significant part in the formation of foam, emulsification, pharmaceutical, detergence, and biopesticide that can be admissible aspects in a few sectors. Currently, industrial biosurfactant production is still lacking, and the challenges presented in this regard are due to the high cost of microbial cultivation to biosurfactant recovery. Biosurfactants have already been applied individually or as mixed with biosurfactants in industries as commercially available using microbes and synthesis processes. In this study, linear mathematical modelling using Generalized Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) software is being used to identify the worthwhile biosurfactant product and the pathways of biosurfactant that will provide the most significant profit to the biosurfactant application. The model consisted of the linear programming (LP) model, which utilized a diverse equation to determine the industrial application of biosurfactants that can provide profitable income to the country.
{"title":"Determination of Optimal Application of Biosurfactant by using Linear Programming (LP) Model","authors":"M. Radzuan, Nazifa Athirah Mat Zakhi, Nurul Husna Radzali, Mohamad Firdza Mohamad Shukery","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000254","url":null,"abstract":"Biosurfactant or amphiphilic compounds are a diverse group of molecules that contains a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part, division at liquid/solid, liquid/liquid, or liquid/gas interfaces. The characteristics of these biomolecules play a significant part in the formation of foam, emulsification, pharmaceutical, detergence, and biopesticide that can be admissible aspects in a few sectors. Currently, industrial biosurfactant production is still lacking, and the challenges presented in this regard are due to the high cost of microbial cultivation to biosurfactant recovery. Biosurfactants have already been applied individually or as mixed with biosurfactants in industries as commercially available using microbes and synthesis processes. In this study, linear mathematical modelling using Generalized Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS) software is being used to identify the worthwhile biosurfactant product and the pathways of biosurfactant that will provide the most significant profit to the biosurfactant application. The model consisted of the linear programming (LP) model, which utilized a diverse equation to determine the industrial application of biosurfactants that can provide profitable income to the country.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122033541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maimunah Mohd Ali, N. Hashim, S. Abd Aziz, O. Lasekan
A rising awareness for quality inspection of food and agricultural products has generated a growing effort to develop rapid and non-destructive techniques. Quality detection of food and agricultural products has prime importance in various stages of processing due to the laborious processes and the inability of the system to measure the whole of the food production. The detection of food quality has previously depended on various destructive techniques that require sample destruction and a large amount of postharvest losses. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged with big data technologies and high-performance computation to create new opportunities in the multidisciplinary agri-food domain. This review presents the key concepts of AI comprising an expert system, artificial neural network (ANN), and fuzzy logic. A special focus is laid on the strength of AI applications in determining food quality for producing high and optimum yields. It was demonstrated that ANN provides the best result for modelling and effective in real-time monitoring techniques. The future use of AI for assessing quality inspection is promising which could lead to a real-time as well as rapid evaluation of various food and agricultural products.
{"title":"Quality Inspection of Food and Agricultural Products using Artificial Intelligence","authors":"Maimunah Mohd Ali, N. Hashim, S. Abd Aziz, O. Lasekan","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000237","url":null,"abstract":"A rising awareness for quality inspection of food and agricultural products has generated a growing effort to develop rapid and non-destructive techniques. Quality detection of food and agricultural products has prime importance in various stages of processing due to the laborious processes and the inability of the system to measure the whole of the food production. The detection of food quality has previously depended on various destructive techniques that require sample destruction and a large amount of postharvest losses. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged with big data technologies and high-performance computation to create new opportunities in the multidisciplinary agri-food domain. This review presents the key concepts of AI comprising an expert system, artificial neural network (ANN), and fuzzy logic. A special focus is laid on the strength of AI applications in determining food quality for producing high and optimum yields. It was demonstrated that ANN provides the best result for modelling and effective in real-time monitoring techniques. The future use of AI for assessing quality inspection is promising which could lead to a real-time as well as rapid evaluation of various food and agricultural products.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116299149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Noor Aliah Baharom, J. Muslimin, B. A. Abu Bakar, M. Z. Abdul Rasid, R. Ismail, M. Z. Abdullah, M.S. Hassan
The current soil nutrient estimation method is laborious, repetitive, time-consuming and costly, making it less efficient for large-scale soil fertility assessment in precision agriculture practice. This paper discussed the feasibility of visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy as an alternative method for rapid measurement of total nitrogen in the soil, which is more efficient for a huge paddy field area. For this purpose, Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (350 – 1750 nm) were acquired on 200 soil samples using spectrometers. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) with full (leave-one-out) cross-validation was used to develop the calibration model between the Vis-NIR soil spectra and the total nitrogen obtained by chemical analysis in laboratory. The coefficient of determination (R2val) and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of the developed calibration model for total nitrogen (Ntot) was 0.78 and 1.86, respectively. The predicted total nitrogen map generated based on the Vis-NIR spectroscopy was comparable with the laboratory analysis’s measured map. This result indicates that the Vis-NIR infrared spectroscopy is the potential to be used for total nitrogen estimation in soil.
{"title":"Total Nitrogen Estimation of Paddy Soil Using Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Siti Noor Aliah Baharom, J. Muslimin, B. A. Abu Bakar, M. Z. Abdul Rasid, R. Ismail, M. Z. Abdullah, M.S. Hassan","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000232","url":null,"abstract":"The current soil nutrient estimation method is laborious, repetitive, time-consuming and costly, making it less efficient for large-scale soil fertility assessment in precision agriculture practice. This paper discussed the feasibility of visible and near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectroscopy as an alternative method for rapid measurement of total nitrogen in the soil, which is more efficient for a huge paddy field area. For this purpose, Vis-NIR reflectance spectra (350 – 1750 nm) were acquired on 200 soil samples using spectrometers. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) with full (leave-one-out) cross-validation was used to develop the calibration model between the Vis-NIR soil spectra and the total nitrogen obtained by chemical analysis in laboratory. The coefficient of determination (R2val) and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of the developed calibration model for total nitrogen (Ntot) was 0.78 and 1.86, respectively. The predicted total nitrogen map generated based on the Vis-NIR spectroscopy was comparable with the laboratory analysis’s measured map. This result indicates that the Vis-NIR infrared spectroscopy is the potential to be used for total nitrogen estimation in soil.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122474803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Haniff bin Ahmad, C. Teoh, E. H. Sharu, M. Khadzir, Saifulizan Mat Nor, M. Arshad
The current climate change, combined with the increased demands from both traditional and new water users, including municipal, industrial, and agricultural sectors have impacted water resources. Thus, recycling of water as irrigation to secure seed production has a substantial impact on food security sustainability. In this research, a water recycling system was developed and tested to sustain the seed production. The research was conducted through eight seasons since 2014 to 2019 at the Rice Centre of Excellence (CoE) research plot in MARDI Seberang Perai. The system included the facilities to irrigate and collect water to be reused again. This approach was done to sustain the water resources as to ensure that the cultivation of paddy was not affected by weather changes. Rainfall and irrigation flow data were collected for the all of the seasons. Observation of field water depth was monitored every two days before irrigation was applied. This system proved that the total water saving for every season studied had a range from 20% to 32%, depending on the rainfall intensity. From this study, more than 3.5 t/ha of fragrance paddy seed were successfully produced for research and development purposes.
{"title":"Water Recycling System: Sustainable Water Management Approach for Paddy Production","authors":"Muhammad Haniff bin Ahmad, C. Teoh, E. H. Sharu, M. Khadzir, Saifulizan Mat Nor, M. Arshad","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000226","url":null,"abstract":"The current climate change, combined with the increased demands from both traditional and new water users, including municipal, industrial, and agricultural sectors have impacted water resources. Thus, recycling of water as irrigation to secure seed production has a substantial impact on food security sustainability. In this research, a water recycling system was developed and tested to sustain the seed production. The research was conducted through eight seasons since 2014 to 2019 at the Rice Centre of Excellence (CoE) research plot in MARDI Seberang Perai. The system included the facilities to irrigate and collect water to be reused again. This approach was done to sustain the water resources as to ensure that the cultivation of paddy was not affected by weather changes. Rainfall and irrigation flow data were collected for the all of the seasons. Observation of field water depth was monitored every two days before irrigation was applied. This system proved that the total water saving for every season studied had a range from 20% to 32%, depending on the rainfall intensity. From this study, more than 3.5 t/ha of fragrance paddy seed were successfully produced for research and development purposes.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121149333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Smart irrigation system is a Precision Agriculture (PA) based device that can automate the irrigation process by analysing soil moisture. The sensor used is a soil moisture sensor that acts as the brain to the system, which will control the whole irrigation system. This research was conducted in the irrigation workshop at UITM Malacca, Jasin Campus, with four treatments and four replications in each treatment. The treatments were T1: manual irrigation (regular planting), T2:40% of soil moisture content, T3:45% of soil moisture content, and T4:50% of soil moisture content. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized (crd). The parameters involved in this study were plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of Brassica Chinensis. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical version 26, and the data analysis involved was average means, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc test (Bonferroni test). The result shows a significant difference between treatments for plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight parameter since the significance value is less than (0.05), p-value >α, 0.05. While no significant difference between treatments for root length. For all parameter measures of Brassica Chinensis, which was height, the number of leaves, length root, fresh weight, and dry weight shows that T4 had the highest mean, while T2 had the lowest mean. In conclusion, T4 (50% of soil moisture content) was the best percentage to grow a healthy plant.
{"title":"Monitoring of Soil Moisture Using Smart Irrigation System in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica Chinensis) Cultivation","authors":"Amirul Yusoff, S. M. Shamsi","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000252","url":null,"abstract":"Smart irrigation system is a Precision Agriculture (PA) based device that can automate the irrigation process by analysing soil moisture. The sensor used is a soil moisture sensor that acts as the brain to the system, which will control the whole irrigation system. This research was conducted in the irrigation workshop at UITM Malacca, Jasin Campus, with four treatments and four replications in each treatment. The treatments were T1: manual irrigation (regular planting), T2:40% of soil moisture content, T3:45% of soil moisture content, and T4:50% of soil moisture content. The experimental design used in this study was completely randomized (crd). The parameters involved in this study were plant height, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight of Brassica Chinensis. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical version 26, and the data analysis involved was average means, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc test (Bonferroni test). The result shows a significant difference between treatments for plant height, number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight parameter since the significance value is less than (0.05), p-value >α, 0.05. While no significant difference between treatments for root length. For all parameter measures of Brassica Chinensis, which was height, the number of leaves, length root, fresh weight, and dry weight shows that T4 had the highest mean, while T2 had the lowest mean. In conclusion, T4 (50% of soil moisture content) was the best percentage to grow a healthy plant.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115228847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Omar, M. Sani, Hartinee Abbas, Ahmad Hafiz Buniamin, M. A. Mhd Bookeri
Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is known as the 'Queen of tropical fruits' and comes from the tropical forests of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia. Mangosteen is used for fresh consumption or as a beauty and health supplement. However, difficulties during the harvesting process with limited effective harvesting machines have prevented large scale mangosteen production. This study was conducted to determine the strength of the harvesting force at each stage of the maturity indexes and the appropriate force required for the development of mangosteen harvesting machines. The study samples were classified based on six stages of the indices of mangosteen and mesta varieties. The fruit samples taken at MARDI Sintok, Kedah were subjected to harvesting force, weight, diameter and stalk size. The result shows that the highest yield strength was mangosteen at maturity index 1 with 51.81 N while the lowest was mesta at maturity index 5 with 13.45 N. The study also found that the optimum harvesting force to drop the mangosteen and mesta from a tree was 30.19 N. This study indicated that the higher maturity indexes the lower the harvesting force needed to harvest mangosteen and mesta.
{"title":"A Laboratory Study on the Harvesting Force of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and Mesta Based on Maturity Indexes","authors":"M. Omar, M. Sani, Hartinee Abbas, Ahmad Hafiz Buniamin, M. A. Mhd Bookeri","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000251","url":null,"abstract":"Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is known as the 'Queen of tropical fruits' and comes from the tropical forests of Southeast Asia such as Malaysia. Mangosteen is used for fresh consumption or as a beauty and health supplement. However, difficulties during the harvesting process with limited effective harvesting machines have prevented large scale mangosteen production. This study was conducted to determine the strength of the harvesting force at each stage of the maturity indexes and the appropriate force required for the development of mangosteen harvesting machines. The study samples were classified based on six stages of the indices of mangosteen and mesta varieties. The fruit samples taken at MARDI Sintok, Kedah were subjected to harvesting force, weight, diameter and stalk size. The result shows that the highest yield strength was mangosteen at maturity index 1 with 51.81 N while the lowest was mesta at maturity index 5 with 13.45 N. The study also found that the optimum harvesting force to drop the mangosteen and mesta from a tree was 30.19 N. This study indicated that the higher maturity indexes the lower the harvesting force needed to harvest mangosteen and mesta.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116723187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soft soil condition has become a major problem faced by Malaysian paddy farmers. MARDI has developed mole drain subsoiler and tracked agricultural prime movers to overcome this problem. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of integrating mole drain and tracked prime movers on soft soil area. The mole drain was installed on an identified soft soil area at an experimental plot at the Department of Agriculture (DOA) Station, Kg Bukit Merah, Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang. Tracked prime movers were used for land preparation, transplanting and harvesting. Results showed that the soft soil condition of the plot was reduced to from 79% to 17%, a reduction of 62%.
软土状况已成为马来西亚水田农民面临的主要问题。MARDI开发了鼹鼠式地下排水器和履带式农业原动机来克服这一问题。本文的目的是评价摩尔排水和履带原动机在软土地区的综合效果。鼹鼠排水沟被安装在槟城西槟榔Perai Tengah, Kg Bukit Merah，农业部(DOA)站的一个试验田的一个确定的软土区域。履带式原动机用于整地、移栽和收割。结果表明，该地块软土状况由79%降至17%，降幅达62%。
{"title":"Effect of Mole drain and Tracked Agricultural Prime Movers on Soft Soil Paddy Areas","authors":"Mohd Taufik Ahmad","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000228","url":null,"abstract":"Soft soil condition has become a major problem faced by Malaysian paddy farmers. MARDI has developed mole drain subsoiler and tracked agricultural prime movers to overcome this problem. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of integrating mole drain and tracked prime movers on soft soil area. The mole drain was installed on an identified soft soil area at an experimental plot at the Department of Agriculture (DOA) Station, Kg Bukit Merah, Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang. Tracked prime movers were used for land preparation, transplanting and harvesting. Results showed that the soft soil condition of the plot was reduced to from 79% to 17%, a reduction of 62%.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114389039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hafidha Azmon, M. F. Mail, Mohd Nadzim Nordin, M. S. Hassan Basri, Norahshekin Abd Rahman, Siti Ashah Ab Rahim
Manual activity in maize seeding shows an awkward posture due to repetitive movement on walking forward, body lowering, knee bending, squatting, digging, and seed sowing, which can cause body tiring. These are the symptom of human fatigue or the ergonomic hazard in an agricultural field, leading to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) if done repeatedly and extended for a long time. The paper explained the ergonomic evaluation of seeding risk assessment using two methods; bare hand and lightweight motorized maize seeder. The evaluated maize seeder was designed with a minimum number of parts to make the assembly and maintenance requirements easy without affecting the functionality of the metering device. The maize seeder is easy to operate, light to carry, and convenient to use with a single-handed griper to improve ergonomics in the field. Using the concept of gravitational drop and the battery to power the motor, the farmer experiences a slightly bent body position with a relaxed posture that requires less stressful angles on seeding activity. Seeding postures on methods were evaluated using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) to determine the area of bodily discomfort. The RULA result shows that the ergonomic risk score on manual seeding activity was at score 7, which is high risk compared to seeding activity using the maize seeder, which results in a score of 4 that shows a low risk.In comparison, the REBA result shows a high risk on manual seeding with a score of 11 and a low risk on seeding with a seeder, which is in score 3—seeding by bare hand, adopting poor posture at the neck, trunk, and wrist twist. The work rate for seeding maize using the conventional method and seeder was 0.114 m/s and 0.167 m/s, respectively. The study concludes that using the lightweight motorized maize seeder can reduce the risks of MSDs due to working in an awkward posture in sowing maize on the field.
{"title":"Ergonomic Evaluation of Maize Seeding using Conventional Method and Lightweight Motorized Maize Seeder","authors":"Hafidha Azmon, M. F. Mail, Mohd Nadzim Nordin, M. S. Hassan Basri, Norahshekin Abd Rahman, Siti Ashah Ab Rahim","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000231","url":null,"abstract":"Manual activity in maize seeding shows an awkward posture due to repetitive movement on walking forward, body lowering, knee bending, squatting, digging, and seed sowing, which can cause body tiring. These are the symptom of human fatigue or the ergonomic hazard in an agricultural field, leading to Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) if done repeatedly and extended for a long time. The paper explained the ergonomic evaluation of seeding risk assessment using two methods; bare hand and lightweight motorized maize seeder. The evaluated maize seeder was designed with a minimum number of parts to make the assembly and maintenance requirements easy without affecting the functionality of the metering device. The maize seeder is easy to operate, light to carry, and convenient to use with a single-handed griper to improve ergonomics in the field. Using the concept of gravitational drop and the battery to power the motor, the farmer experiences a slightly bent body position with a relaxed posture that requires less stressful angles on seeding activity. Seeding postures on methods were evaluated using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) to determine the area of bodily discomfort. The RULA result shows that the ergonomic risk score on manual seeding activity was at score 7, which is high risk compared to seeding activity using the maize seeder, which results in a score of 4 that shows a low risk.In comparison, the REBA result shows a high risk on manual seeding with a score of 11 and a low risk on seeding with a seeder, which is in score 3—seeding by bare hand, adopting poor posture at the neck, trunk, and wrist twist. The work rate for seeding maize using the conventional method and seeder was 0.114 m/s and 0.167 m/s, respectively. The study concludes that using the lightweight motorized maize seeder can reduce the risks of MSDs due to working in an awkward posture in sowing maize on the field.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131368213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irrigation is the most important component in ensuring that crops can produce optimal yields. The use of drip irrigation can help farmers in providing water to crops in the amount required by the crop. Drip irrigation usually uses an uncompensated dripper and also a pressure compensated dripper. The use of an uncompensated dripper requires precise pressure to ensure a uniform flow for each dripper while the use of a pressure compensated dripper will also provide a uniform flow when operating pressure was used within the range specified by the dripper manufacturer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the drip irrigation system using low pressure compared to the minimum pressure recommended by dripper manufacturers. The pressure operation recommended by the manufacturer is 1.5-4 bars. This study uses pressures as low as 1 bar (low pressure), 2 bars, and 2.5 bars (recommended by manufacture) to operate this irrigation system. The volumetric approach was used to calculate each emitter's flow rate. Coefficient uniformity (CU), emission uniformity (EU), coefficient of variation (CV), and emitter flow variation (EFV) were the hydraulic parameters evaluated. The results show that CU, CV, and EU are in excellent classification, and the value for CU and the EU is more than 95 percent efficiency. The CV value is below 0.03 which is a very good classification. Meanwhile, emitter flow variation is 10% when operating at 2.5 bars and 2.0 bars and is considered the desirable classification. On the other hand, the emitter flow variation was reported at 6% for the 1 bar operating pressure and the classification was also recorded in the desirable classification. The results conclude that the use of low operating pressure compared to the minimum operating pressure proposed by the manufacturer can also operate in excellent condition according to the hydraulic parameters evaluated.
{"title":"Hydraulic Performance Analysis of Drip Irrigation System Using Pressure Compensated Dripper at Low Operating Pressure","authors":"E. H. Sharu","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000225","url":null,"abstract":"Irrigation is the most important component in ensuring that crops can produce optimal yields. The use of drip irrigation can help farmers in providing water to crops in the amount required by the crop. Drip irrigation usually uses an uncompensated dripper and also a pressure compensated dripper. The use of an uncompensated dripper requires precise pressure to ensure a uniform flow for each dripper while the use of a pressure compensated dripper will also provide a uniform flow when operating pressure was used within the range specified by the dripper manufacturer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hydraulic performance of the drip irrigation system using low pressure compared to the minimum pressure recommended by dripper manufacturers. The pressure operation recommended by the manufacturer is 1.5-4 bars. This study uses pressures as low as 1 bar (low pressure), 2 bars, and 2.5 bars (recommended by manufacture) to operate this irrigation system. The volumetric approach was used to calculate each emitter's flow rate. Coefficient uniformity (CU), emission uniformity (EU), coefficient of variation (CV), and emitter flow variation (EFV) were the hydraulic parameters evaluated. The results show that CU, CV, and EU are in excellent classification, and the value for CU and the EU is more than 95 percent efficiency. The CV value is below 0.03 which is a very good classification. Meanwhile, emitter flow variation is 10% when operating at 2.5 bars and 2.0 bars and is considered the desirable classification. On the other hand, the emitter flow variation was reported at 6% for the 1 bar operating pressure and the classification was also recorded in the desirable classification. The results conclude that the use of low operating pressure compared to the minimum operating pressure proposed by the manufacturer can also operate in excellent condition according to the hydraulic parameters evaluated.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"485 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd shahmihaizan Mat jusoh, Mohd Nadzim Nordin, Wan Mohd Azwady Wan Ahamad, Md. Akhir Hamid
Fiber and cocopeat are waste products from coconut husks that can be turned into value added products. Fiber and cocopeat from old coconut husks are well known in coconut industry in the world. This paper described fibre strength from young coconut husks, nutrient content and water-holding ability of young coconut cocopeat compared to old coconut cocopeat. The strength of fiber was determined by using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results showed that mean load at break for young coconut fiber was 13.76 N while mean load at break for old coconut fiber was 14.93 N. Maximum tensile stress for young coconut fiber was 1.55 MPa and 1.76 MPa for old coconut fiber. The nutrient contents were determined for young cocopeat and old cocopeat resulted as phosphorus (372.79 ppm, 339 ppm), potassium (6829.68 ppm, 10040.46 ppm), calcium (508.74 ppm, 578.40 ppm), magnesium (468.67 ppm, 715.60 ppm) and sodium (1579.70 ppm, 3917.60 ppm). The pH value was 6.55 and 5.39 respectively. The ash contents were 2.62% for young cocopeat while 4.06% for old cocopeat. For water holding ability test, moisture content of each sample from young coconut cocopeat and old coconut cocopeat was determined by using soil moisture meter. After seven days with water added 500 ml two times/day, results showed that water holding ability for peat moss was the best while young cocopeat was better than the old cocopeat. All the results showed that fiber and cocopeat from young coconut husk have high potential for sustainable production in the coconut industry.
{"title":"Comparison Study on Fiber and Cocopeat from Young Coconut Husks and Old Coconut Husks","authors":"Mohd shahmihaizan Mat jusoh, Mohd Nadzim Nordin, Wan Mohd Azwady Wan Ahamad, Md. Akhir Hamid","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000216","url":null,"abstract":"Fiber and cocopeat are waste products from coconut husks that can be turned into value added products. Fiber and cocopeat from old coconut husks are well known in coconut industry in the world. This paper described fibre strength from young coconut husks, nutrient content and water-holding ability of young coconut cocopeat compared to old coconut cocopeat. The strength of fiber was determined by using Instron Universal Testing Machine. The results showed that mean load at break for young coconut fiber was 13.76 N while mean load at break for old coconut fiber was 14.93 N. Maximum tensile stress for young coconut fiber was 1.55 MPa and 1.76 MPa for old coconut fiber. The nutrient contents were determined for young cocopeat and old cocopeat resulted as phosphorus (372.79 ppm, 339 ppm), potassium (6829.68 ppm, 10040.46 ppm), calcium (508.74 ppm, 578.40 ppm), magnesium (468.67 ppm, 715.60 ppm) and sodium (1579.70 ppm, 3917.60 ppm). The pH value was 6.55 and 5.39 respectively. The ash contents were 2.62% for young cocopeat while 4.06% for old cocopeat. For water holding ability test, moisture content of each sample from young coconut cocopeat and old coconut cocopeat was determined by using soil moisture meter. After seven days with water added 500 ml two times/day, results showed that water holding ability for peat moss was the best while young cocopeat was better than the old cocopeat. All the results showed that fiber and cocopeat from young coconut husk have high potential for sustainable production in the coconut industry. ","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132410460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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