Fertilizers are usually added on plants to improve the plants growth and production. OHN isa fluid form of fertilizers which consists of leftover of agricultural and wet market wastesand also microbes. OHN was fermented and added to the plants when it’s ready to use after1 week. The experiment is done to produce organic fertilizer from wet market waste for abetter soil fertility and also to increase the growth of spinach plants by using differentconcentrations of OHN. In this experiment, two different concentrations of OHN were madewhich is 10% and 20% and there was also controlled. The efficiency of this experiment wasmeasured by the height of the plant, number of leaves and the length of spinach. In the endof this experiment, OHN with a concentration of 20% have shown an excellent result whichhave the 21.7 cm height of the plant, 23 number of leaves, and 7.3 cm length of spinach.The study has shown that the OHN with the concentration of 20% able to enhance thegrowth of the spinach. As a conclusion, the implementation of OHN in plants has beenapproved to enhance the growth of plants, reduce amount of market wastes and also sustainthe fertility of the soil and also known as organic fertilizer.
{"title":"Natural Growth of Plant by Bio-Organic Input","authors":"M. Mohamad","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000290","url":null,"abstract":"Fertilizers are usually added on plants to improve the plants growth and production. OHN isa fluid form of fertilizers which consists of leftover of agricultural and wet market wastesand also microbes. OHN was fermented and added to the plants when it’s ready to use after1 week. The experiment is done to produce organic fertilizer from wet market waste for abetter soil fertility and also to increase the growth of spinach plants by using differentconcentrations of OHN. In this experiment, two different concentrations of OHN were madewhich is 10% and 20% and there was also controlled. The efficiency of this experiment wasmeasured by the height of the plant, number of leaves and the length of spinach. In the endof this experiment, OHN with a concentration of 20% have shown an excellent result whichhave the 21.7 cm height of the plant, 23 number of leaves, and 7.3 cm length of spinach.The study has shown that the OHN with the concentration of 20% able to enhance thegrowth of the spinach. As a conclusion, the implementation of OHN in plants has beenapproved to enhance the growth of plants, reduce amount of market wastes and also sustainthe fertility of the soil and also known as organic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114156878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthracnose is the major pre- and postharvest disease of mango which caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In-vitro and in-vivo studies were done to evaluate the antifungal activity of Pennisetum purpureum weed extract on control of C. gloeosporioides. Result: The in-vitro result showed that methanol crude extract of P. purpureum exhibited the best antifungal activity against C. gloeosprioides with an average minimum inhibition concentration value of 3.13 mg/ml and it had the highest total activity (5.28 ml/g) on inhibition of C. gloeosprioides. Meanwhile, the in-vivo result demonstrated that the fruits coated with alginate incorporated crude extract at a concentration of 18 mg/ml were most effective in retaining fruit firmness and had the smallest size lesion in diameter (0.34 cm) as compared to other treatments. The phytochemical assay of methanolic crude extract revealed the presence of phenolic compound (tannins), alkaloids and flavonoids but steroids, saponin, amino acid and oil were absent. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that alginate based coating incorporated with methanolic crude extract of P. purpureum could be used to inhibit anthracnose pathogen of C. gloeosporioides, thereby extending the shelf life of mango fruits. Keywords: anthracnose, coating, compound, plant extract, mango
{"title":"Potential of Pennisetum purpureum weed extract on inhibition of anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on mango fruits","authors":"T. Chuah, Eh Teet Sudau","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000292","url":null,"abstract":"Anthracnose is the major pre- and postharvest disease of mango which caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In-vitro and in-vivo studies were done to evaluate the antifungal activity of Pennisetum purpureum weed extract on control of C. gloeosporioides. Result: The in-vitro result showed that methanol crude extract of P. purpureum exhibited the best antifungal activity against C. gloeosprioides with an average minimum inhibition concentration value of 3.13 mg/ml and it had the highest total activity (5.28 ml/g) on inhibition of C. gloeosprioides. Meanwhile, the in-vivo result demonstrated that the fruits coated with alginate incorporated crude extract at a concentration of 18 mg/ml were most effective in retaining fruit firmness and had the smallest size lesion in diameter (0.34 cm) as compared to other treatments. The phytochemical assay of methanolic crude extract revealed the presence of phenolic compound (tannins), alkaloids and flavonoids but steroids, saponin, amino acid and oil were absent. Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that alginate based coating incorporated with methanolic crude extract of P. purpureum could be used to inhibit anthracnose pathogen of C. gloeosporioides, thereby extending the shelf life of mango fruits.\u0000Keywords: anthracnose, coating, compound, plant extract, mango","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129056339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted to assess the effect of mulberry leaves extract (Morus alba) on the growth rate of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the present study, the mulberry leaves extract was mixed with commercial pellets using the spray method; pellets with 5 % and 10 % mulberry leaves extract. Meanwhile, the control treatment was a commercial pellet with no mulberry leaves extract. M. rosenbergii were fed with the experimental pellets for 30 days and each treatment had 10 tails of M. rosenbergii juveniles. The result showed that the juveniles fed with pellet with 10 % mulberry leaves extract had the highest survival rate and the total number of moulting. As a conclusion, the mulberry leaves demonstrated a good effect on the growth of M. rosenbergii and reduced the mortality rate, thus, the present study suggests the use of mulberry extract as a potential nutrient supplement in the feed to increase the production of M. rosenbergii post-larvae.
{"title":"Effect of Mulberry Leaves Extract (Morus alba) on Growth of Post Larvae in Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)","authors":"S. N. F. Zakaria, H. Muhd Farouk","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000296","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted to assess the effect of mulberry leaves extract (Morus alba) on the growth rate of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In the present study, the mulberry leaves extract was mixed with commercial pellets using the spray method; pellets with 5 % and 10 % mulberry leaves extract. Meanwhile, the control treatment was a commercial pellet with no mulberry leaves extract. M. rosenbergii were fed with the experimental pellets for 30 days and each treatment had 10 tails of M. rosenbergii juveniles. The result showed that the juveniles fed with pellet with 10 % mulberry leaves extract had the highest survival rate and the total number of moulting. As a conclusion, the mulberry leaves demonstrated a good effect on the growth of M. rosenbergii and reduced the mortality rate, thus, the present study suggests the use of mulberry extract as a potential nutrient supplement in the feed to increase the production of M. rosenbergii post-larvae.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115969477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Puteri Nurain Megat Ahmad Azman, R. Shamsudin, H. Che Man, M. E. Ya’acob
This study assesses the effects of flowing water on soaking water quality during the retting process of pepper berries. Generally, there are organic matters and the bioactive compounds that naturally exist in pepper that may have leached out into the soaking water because of the prolonged retting process. Daily samplings were carried out by triplicate of water sample for 7 consecutive days. The soaking test was carried out by having 5 kg of pepper berries soaked under the flowing water with the flow rate 70 L/min. Six parameters were measured based on standard methods: pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand total dissolved solids and colour. The results showed the changes of soaking water in turbidity (from 13.73 ±0.85 NTU to 33.53 ±0.71 NTU), pH (from 6.95 ±0.02 to 6.23), dissolved oxygen (from 7.75 ±0.09 g/ml to 6.15 ±0.02 g/ml), chemical oxygen demand (from 24.33 ±1.53 g/ml to 27.67 ±1.53 g/ml), total dissolved solid (from 39.53 ±2.36 g/ml to 58.50 ±0.65 g/ml) and total colour change (from 0.53 ±0.09 to 0.87 ±0.03) during the retting process were corresponding to the soaking time. As a result, this study reveals that the use of flow water for the retting process has a higher tendency to avoid sedimentation and, in the meantime, to ensure the quality of the white pepper.
{"title":"Effects of flowing water on soaking water quality during the retting process of pepper berries (Piper nigrum L.)","authors":"Puteri Nurain Megat Ahmad Azman, R. Shamsudin, H. Che Man, M. E. Ya’acob","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000291","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the effects of flowing water on soaking water quality during the retting process of pepper berries. Generally, there are organic matters and the bioactive compounds that naturally exist in pepper that may have leached out into the soaking water because of the prolonged retting process. Daily samplings were carried out by triplicate of water sample for 7 consecutive days. The soaking test was carried out by having 5 kg of pepper berries soaked under the flowing water with the flow rate 70 L/min. Six parameters were measured based on standard methods: pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand total dissolved solids and colour. The results showed the changes of soaking water in turbidity (from 13.73 ±0.85 NTU to 33.53 ±0.71 NTU), pH (from 6.95 ±0.02 to 6.23), dissolved oxygen (from 7.75 ±0.09 g/ml to 6.15 ±0.02 g/ml), chemical oxygen demand (from 24.33 ±1.53 g/ml to 27.67 ±1.53 g/ml), total dissolved solid (from 39.53 ±2.36 g/ml to 58.50 ±0.65 g/ml) and total colour change (from 0.53 ±0.09 to 0.87 ±0.03) during the retting process were corresponding to the soaking time. As a result, this study reveals that the use of flow water for the retting process has a higher tendency to avoid sedimentation and, in the meantime, to ensure the quality of the white pepper.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125374582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor Ain Hamid, Nurul Farihah Zakaria, Nur Aina Lyana Mohamad Ali
Fish farming faces the challenge of the high cost of feeds because of the cost of high-quality protein like fish meal required in food formulations. Therefore, the need for alternative protein sources is much needed. Black soldier larvae (Hermetia illucens) are alternative feed containing high protein. BSF larvae contain high protein levels (42.7% dry matter; DM). Fish diets should contain 32% to 45% protein content. Therefore, it can be a substitute for a fish meal. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freshwater fish meal replacement with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth rate of Clarias gariepenus fingerling. The effect of freshwater fish meal replacement with black soldier fly larvae (BSFLM) was investigated. This study involved the cultivation of Clarias gariepenus fingerling given BSFLM and a commercial diet. The results showed a difference between the weight gains of C. gariepenus, which were 6.46g in BSFLM, while the commercial diet was 1.9g during 28 days of experiments. There was also no significant difference (p <.05) in the mean weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate. Using BSFLM as an alternative source of protein in fish farming can reduce costs in the aquaculture industry without changing its quality.
{"title":"Study on Utilization of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) as Protein Substitute in the Pellet Diet of Clarias gariepenus Fingerling","authors":"Noor Ain Hamid, Nurul Farihah Zakaria, Nur Aina Lyana Mohamad Ali","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000258","url":null,"abstract":"Fish farming faces the challenge of the high cost of feeds because of the cost of high-quality protein like fish meal required in food formulations. Therefore, the need for alternative protein sources is much needed. Black soldier larvae (Hermetia illucens) are alternative feed containing high protein. BSF larvae contain high protein levels (42.7% dry matter; DM). Fish diets should contain 32% to 45% protein content. Therefore, it can be a substitute for a fish meal. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of freshwater fish meal replacement with black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFLM) on the growth rate of Clarias gariepenus fingerling. The effect of freshwater fish meal replacement with black soldier fly larvae (BSFLM) was investigated. This study involved the cultivation of Clarias gariepenus fingerling given BSFLM and a commercial diet. The results showed a difference between the weight gains of C. gariepenus, which were 6.46g in BSFLM, while the commercial diet was 1.9g during 28 days of experiments. There was also no significant difference (p <.05) in the mean weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate. Using BSFLM as an alternative source of protein in fish farming can reduce costs in the aquaculture industry without changing its quality.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127070389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mr. Muhammad Huzaifah Wahap, N. Omar, Zubaidi Johar
Industrial wastes had contributed to environment pollution. In particular, wastewater had been increasing in any country around the world, from agricultural sectors to commercial sectors. Wastewater treatment had raised overhead costs on operational and maintenance. Many studies had been done on finding alternatives for wastewater treatment. In general, a variety of wastewater treatment processes are employed which includes primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. In this study, three designed systems of tertiary treatment had been observed to evaluate wastewater quality reduction. A designed system had been selected to identify the treatment efficiency using the same treatment concept of phytoremediation. There are three designs which are the large-scale design, medium-scale design and portable scale design. The differences among the designs are that the first large-scale design uses wastewater sources directed from a sewerage plant, while the second design with medium-scale uses groundwater water with nutrient loads from aquatic species. The third design with portable scale uses a customised aquarium method with conventional filtration. From the study, it was found that different solution design systems could perform treatments for different wastewater characteristics. The average range of treatment had been seen to reduce contaminated water quality between 10 to 60% on differences in water quality parameters. This identified that the constructed nature-based system (NBS) could possibly be performed as one of the wastewater treatments. Further study could be done for any sources of wastewater in future as an added value to the improvised existing design to improve surface water quality.
{"title":"Implementing Constructed Nature Based System Solution as an Alternative for Water Treatment","authors":"Mr. Muhammad Huzaifah Wahap, N. Omar, Zubaidi Johar","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000263","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial wastes had contributed to environment pollution. In particular, wastewater had been increasing in any country around the world, from agricultural sectors to commercial sectors. Wastewater treatment had raised overhead costs on operational and maintenance. Many studies had been done on finding alternatives for wastewater treatment. In general, a variety of wastewater treatment processes are employed which includes primary treatment, secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. In this study, three designed systems of tertiary treatment had been observed to evaluate wastewater quality reduction. A designed system had been selected to identify the treatment efficiency using the same treatment concept of phytoremediation. There are three designs which are the large-scale design, medium-scale design and portable scale design. The differences among the designs are that the first large-scale design uses wastewater sources directed from a sewerage plant, while the second design with medium-scale uses groundwater water with nutrient loads from aquatic species. The third design with portable scale uses a customised aquarium method with conventional filtration. From the study, it was found that different solution design systems could perform treatments for different wastewater characteristics. The average range of treatment had been seen to reduce contaminated water quality between 10 to 60% on differences in water quality parameters. This identified that the constructed nature-based system (NBS) could possibly be performed as one of the wastewater treatments. Further study could be done for any sources of wastewater in future as an added value to the improvised existing design to improve surface water quality.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126268699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danial Mirza Muammar Rozilan, M. Hanafi, Roslizah Ali, Mohd Adib Razak, C. Hairu
Automatic plant growth monitoring has received considerable attention in recent years. The demand in this field has created various opportunities, especially for automatic classification using deep learning methods. In this paper, the efficiency of deep learning algorithms in classifying the growth stage of chili plants is studied. Chili is one of the high cash value crops, and automatic identification of chili plant growth stages is essential for crop productivity. Nevertheless, the study on automatic chili plant growth stage classification using deep learning approaches is not widely explored, and this is due to the unavailability of public datasets on the chili plant growth stages. Various deep learning methods, namely Inception V3, ResNet50, and VGG16, were used in the study, and the results have shown that these methods performed well in terms of accuracy and stability when tested on a dataset that consists of 2,320 images of Capsicum annum 'Bird's Eye' plants of various growth stages and imaging conditions. Nevertheless, the results have also shown that the deep learning methods have difficulty classifying images with a complex background where more than one chili plant was captured in an image.
{"title":"Efficacy of Deep Learning Algorithm in Classifying Chilli Plant Growth Stages","authors":"Danial Mirza Muammar Rozilan, M. Hanafi, Roslizah Ali, Mohd Adib Razak, C. Hairu","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000238","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic plant growth monitoring has received considerable attention in recent years. The demand in this field has created various opportunities, especially for automatic classification using deep learning methods. In this paper, the efficiency of deep learning algorithms in classifying the growth stage of chili plants is studied. Chili is one of the high cash value crops, and automatic identification of chili plant growth stages is essential for crop productivity. Nevertheless, the study on automatic chili plant growth stage classification using deep learning approaches is not widely explored, and this is due to the unavailability of public datasets on the chili plant growth stages. Various deep learning methods, namely Inception V3, ResNet50, and VGG16, were used in the study, and the results have shown that these methods performed well in terms of accuracy and stability when tested on a dataset that consists of 2,320 images of Capsicum annum 'Bird's Eye' plants of various growth stages and imaging conditions. Nevertheless, the results have also shown that the deep learning methods have difficulty classifying images with a complex background where more than one chili plant was captured in an image.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125063073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seedling production is a crucial part of the production of fresh vegetables in a plant factory. Light is one of the necessities for plants to produce a healthy seedling before being transplanted to the production area. Different light formulations resulted in different growth performances of the plant. Hence, this study was conducted to aim for suitable light formulation on various types of lettuce in the MARDI Plant Factory. The study was conducted in two stages: 1) seedling production and 2) production area. Treatments were evaluated at the seedlings' production stage using the split-plot experimental design with four replications. LED light treatments (LT) was the main factor with the various ratio of spectrum colour of Red (R), Blue (B), Green (G) and full spectrum. (LT 1; 5R:1B, LT 2; 1R:1B, LT 3; 1R: 2B, LT 4; 2R:1B, LT 5; 4R:1B:1G and LT 6; Full spectrum as control). The sub-factor was lettuce variety (V1; Butterhead, V2; Green Coral, V3; Red Coral and V4; Mini Cos). Variables measured at seedlings production were seed germination. Growth biomass and SPAD value were evaluated in the production area. At seedlings production, the full spectrum lighting shows significant seeds germination percentage compared to other LED lighting, and V1 performed well on germination percentage and time compare to other varieties. The interaction between light treatments and lettuce was observed on the leaf numbers, shoot fresh weight, leaf area, and the shoot-root ratio at the production area. LT 1 and LT 5 on butterhead and green coral significantly affected the number of leaves and leaf area, which were relatively influenced by light quality and ambient temperature. The yield on green coral lettuce grown under LT 1, LT 2, and LT 5 was significantly higher than others. However, plant biomass and SPAD value for all treatments were not significantly different. The allometry of plant was expressed on a shoot-root ratio with LT 2 on green coral shows a significantly higher shoot-root ratio than other treatments. The study's findings showed that light treatment with Red and Blue LED ratio of 5:1, 1:1, and Red, Blue, and Green LED ratio of 4:1:1 light arrangement on the seedling's productions provided optimal growing conditions in the production area butterhead and green coral lettuce in MPF cultivation.
{"title":"Effect of Light Emitting Diode (LED) Spectrum at Seedlings Production for Optimal Growth on Different Type of Lettuce in MARDI Plant Factory","authors":"M. H. Basir, Intan Nadhirah Masri","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000229","url":null,"abstract":"Seedling production is a crucial part of the production of fresh vegetables in a plant factory. Light is one of the necessities for plants to produce a healthy seedling before being transplanted to the production area. Different light formulations resulted in different growth performances of the plant. Hence, this study was conducted to aim for suitable light formulation on various types of lettuce in the MARDI Plant Factory. The study was conducted in two stages: 1) seedling production and 2) production area. Treatments were evaluated at the seedlings' production stage using the split-plot experimental design with four replications. LED light treatments (LT) was the main factor with the various ratio of spectrum colour of Red (R), Blue (B), Green (G) and full spectrum. (LT 1; 5R:1B, LT 2; 1R:1B, LT 3; 1R: 2B, LT 4; 2R:1B, LT 5; 4R:1B:1G and LT 6; Full spectrum as control). The sub-factor was lettuce variety (V1; Butterhead, V2; Green Coral, V3; Red Coral and V4; Mini Cos). Variables measured at seedlings production were seed germination. Growth biomass and SPAD value were evaluated in the production area. At seedlings production, the full spectrum lighting shows significant seeds germination percentage compared to other LED lighting, and V1 performed well on germination percentage and time compare to other varieties. The interaction between light treatments and lettuce was observed on the leaf numbers, shoot fresh weight, leaf area, and the shoot-root ratio at the production area. LT 1 and LT 5 on butterhead and green coral significantly affected the number of leaves and leaf area, which were relatively influenced by light quality and ambient temperature. The yield on green coral lettuce grown under LT 1, LT 2, and LT 5 was significantly higher than others. However, plant biomass and SPAD value for all treatments were not significantly different. The allometry of plant was expressed on a shoot-root ratio with LT 2 on green coral shows a significantly higher shoot-root ratio than other treatments. The study's findings showed that light treatment with Red and Blue LED ratio of 5:1, 1:1, and Red, Blue, and Green LED ratio of 4:1:1 light arrangement on the seedling's productions provided optimal growing conditions in the production area butterhead and green coral lettuce in MPF cultivation.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129363434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Sairi, M. S. Hassan Basri, Nurulhuda Ghazali, Joanna Lee Ying Cho, A. Mohd noh, Yahya Sahari, M. F. Mail, Mohd Shahrir Azizan, Sharifah Hafiza Mohd Ramli, Mohd Zaffrie Mat Amin, Azman Hamzah, Azhar Mat Noor, Mohamad Abhar Akmal Hamid, Nur Izzati Muhsin, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Amin Tawakkal, Amir Redzuan Shamsulkamal, S. Alwi, Mohd Zaimi Zainol Abidin, M. Jamaluddin, Mohd Daniel Hazeq Abdul Rashid, Mohd Azmirredzuan Sani
The research describes the development of an evaporative cooling system in a non-refrigerated truck for the short-term storage of vegetables during transportation. The system comprises an evaporative cooler, storage unit, power supply, control panel, and real-time data monitoring for temperature and relative humidity. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was conducted to investigate the temperature and airflow distributions in the evaporative-cooled storage unit for five different configurations of air inlet and outlet. The configuration of one air inlet (front — lower left) and two air outlets (top — front and back centre) of the storage unit was shown to provide optimum temperature and airflow distributions and hence, was applied in the system modification. The functionality and performance of the modified system were then evaluated in terms of the cooling profile of the storage units and leafy vegetable quality for the fresh market. Three storage treatments for the selected vegetable were investigated, i.e., evaporative-cooled truck (T1), canvas truck (T2), and cold truck (T3) during a five-hour journey from Cameron Highlands to Serdang. The average temperature inside the storage units was T3 < T1 < T2. Evaporative-cooled truck exhibited an average temperature reduction (DT) of 10°C from the ambient condition. It also demonstrated a relative humidity of >90%, which was in agreement with the recommended relative humidity for leafy vegetable storage. Post-five-hour storage treatments, vegetable stored under T1 exhibited the least weight loss as compared to T2 and T3. The results indicated that the evaporative cooling system manages to preserve vegetable quality soon after harvesting, hence the potential to reduce postharvest loss during transportation.
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Truck Equipped with the Evaporative Cooling System during Transportation of Vegetable","authors":"M. Sairi, M. S. Hassan Basri, Nurulhuda Ghazali, Joanna Lee Ying Cho, A. Mohd noh, Yahya Sahari, M. F. Mail, Mohd Shahrir Azizan, Sharifah Hafiza Mohd Ramli, Mohd Zaffrie Mat Amin, Azman Hamzah, Azhar Mat Noor, Mohamad Abhar Akmal Hamid, Nur Izzati Muhsin, Mohd Hafiz Mohd Amin Tawakkal, Amir Redzuan Shamsulkamal, S. Alwi, Mohd Zaimi Zainol Abidin, M. Jamaluddin, Mohd Daniel Hazeq Abdul Rashid, Mohd Azmirredzuan Sani","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000244","url":null,"abstract":"The research describes the development of an evaporative cooling system in a non-refrigerated truck for the short-term storage of vegetables during transportation. The system comprises an evaporative cooler, storage unit, power supply, control panel, and real-time data monitoring for temperature and relative humidity. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation was conducted to investigate the temperature and airflow distributions in the evaporative-cooled storage unit for five different configurations of air inlet and outlet. The configuration of one air inlet (front — lower left) and two air outlets (top — front and back centre) of the storage unit was shown to provide optimum temperature and airflow distributions and hence, was applied in the system modification. The functionality and performance of the modified system were then evaluated in terms of the cooling profile of the storage units and leafy vegetable quality for the fresh market. Three storage treatments for the selected vegetable were investigated, i.e., evaporative-cooled truck (T1), canvas truck (T2), and cold truck (T3) during a five-hour journey from Cameron Highlands to Serdang. The average temperature inside the storage units was T3 < T1 < T2. Evaporative-cooled truck exhibited an average temperature reduction (DT) of 10°C from the ambient condition. It also demonstrated a relative humidity of >90%, which was in agreement with the recommended relative humidity for leafy vegetable storage. Post-five-hour storage treatments, vegetable stored under T1 exhibited the least weight loss as compared to T2 and T3. The results indicated that the evaporative cooling system manages to preserve vegetable quality soon after harvesting, hence the potential to reduce postharvest loss during transportation.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125160958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Mohd noh, Muhd Aktar Mohd Tahir, Khairul Anuar Shafie
Airflow is important in plant factories as it is responsible for the air exchange inside the structure to create desired growing conditions for plants. A uniform airflow distribution enhances photosynthesis and the transpiration process of the plants. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to analyse the airflow distribution inside a commercial scale plant factory developed by MARDI. CFD plays an important role in designing and optimisation of control environment structure in the agriculture industry. Many studies have proved that the CFD technique is able to predict the internal climate of the plant factory in the designing stage before the actual plant was built. This study was conducted to analyse the airflow characteristics in a plant factory with different inlet and outlet locations. The study also analyses the effect of different inlet location to the overall temperature distribution inside the plant factory. Validation of the developed CFD model was carried out by comparing simulation results with experimental data. The validation result showed an acceptable percentage error between simulated and actual data. The validated CFD model was then used to analyse different inlet locations that can produce more uniform airflow and temperature distribution inside the plant factory. From the simulation results, it shows that the new inlet location was able to produce more uniform airflow and temperature distribution as compared to existing inlet location.
{"title":"Plant Factory Airflow Distribution Analysis with Different Inlet Configuration","authors":"A. Mohd noh, Muhd Aktar Mohd Tahir, Khairul Anuar Shafie","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000242","url":null,"abstract":"Airflow is important in plant factories as it is responsible for the air exchange inside the structure to create desired growing conditions for plants. A uniform airflow distribution enhances photosynthesis and the transpiration process of the plants. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to analyse the airflow distribution inside a commercial scale plant factory developed by MARDI. CFD plays an important role in designing and optimisation of control environment structure in the agriculture industry. Many studies have proved that the CFD technique is able to predict the internal climate of the plant factory in the designing stage before the actual plant was built. This study was conducted to analyse the airflow characteristics in a plant factory with different inlet and outlet locations. The study also analyses the effect of different inlet location to the overall temperature distribution inside the plant factory. Validation of the developed CFD model was carried out by comparing simulation results with experimental data. The validation result showed an acceptable percentage error between simulated and actual data. The validated CFD model was then used to analyse different inlet locations that can produce more uniform airflow and temperature distribution inside the plant factory. From the simulation results, it shows that the new inlet location was able to produce more uniform airflow and temperature distribution as compared to existing inlet location.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127951960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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