Mohd Nadzim Nordin, Mohd shahmihaizan Mat jusoh, B. A. Abu Bakar, M. S. Hassan Basri, Faizal Kamal, Mohd Taufik Ahmad, M. F. Mail, Mohd Fitri Masarudin, S. N. Misman, C. Teoh
The usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones in agriculture is still new in Malaysia. There are very few studies to determine the effectiveness of spraying chemicals using a drone that can suit the weather and environmental factors in Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of the pesticide application using a drone sprayer in a paddy field. The plot is 0.5 hectares located at MARDI Seberang Perai. The study was done from June until November 2019. The pesticide application was carried out 4 times which was 32 days after sowing (DAS), 46 DAS, 70 DAS, and 102 DAS. There were two types of chemicals used in this experiment, which were used to control the pesticide and the disease. The study involves two methods of chemical application, which were drone and knapsack applications. The number of pesticides and percentages of disease attacks was taken within 1 week before and after spraying. From the results, the application of the drone on pesticides spraying was not any different with manual application with the current normal practices nowadays. Rice farmers have the option to choose what application to use in their field to control insect pests. In this, they have to consider the cost, availability, field and hazardous conditions. However, to get a better result, this experiment should be repeated during suitable seasons.
{"title":"Preliminary Study on Pesticide Application in Paddy Field using Drone Sprayer","authors":"Mohd Nadzim Nordin, Mohd shahmihaizan Mat jusoh, B. A. Abu Bakar, M. S. Hassan Basri, Faizal Kamal, Mohd Taufik Ahmad, M. F. Mail, Mohd Fitri Masarudin, S. N. Misman, C. Teoh","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000147","url":null,"abstract":"The usage of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones in agriculture is still new in Malaysia. There are very few studies to determine the effectiveness of spraying chemicals using a drone that can suit the weather and environmental factors in Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of the pesticide application using a drone sprayer in a paddy field. The plot is 0.5 hectares located at MARDI Seberang Perai. The study was done from June until November 2019. The pesticide application was carried out 4 times which was 32 days after sowing (DAS), 46 DAS, 70 DAS, and 102 DAS. There were two types of chemicals used in this experiment, which were used to control the pesticide and the disease. The study involves two methods of chemical application, which were drone and knapsack applications. The number of pesticides and percentages of disease attacks was taken within 1 week before and after spraying. From the results, the application of the drone on pesticides spraying was not any different with manual application with the current normal practices nowadays. Rice farmers have the option to choose what application to use in their field to control insect pests. In this, they have to consider the cost, availability, field and hazardous conditions. However, to get a better result, this experiment should be repeated during suitable seasons.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130960045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Idris, R. Shamsudin, M. Nor, M. Mokhtar, Siti Salwa Abd Ghani
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third-largest carbohydrate food source in the tropical region after rice and corn. Its flesh is used to produce foods, while the other parts of the plant are not fully exploited. This research aimed to evaluatetheproximate composition of the cassava plant (Rayong 90 variety). Six different parts namely leaf, petiole, young stem, tuber, cortex and periderm of white variety cassava plants were dried and powdered to determine their proximate composition (protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber, ash, moisture). The results show that the leaf is the most nutritional compared to other parts. Leaf had 43.80% carbohydrate, 23.87% protein, 13.66% crude fiber, 6.53% ash, 6.00 % crude fat and 5.00% moisture content. The crude protein for other parts were very low, ranging from 2.54% to 10.20%. The white cassava variety plant was very high in carbohydrates, ranging from 30.48% to 86.77% of dry matter. The mean percentage of crude fat found within the range from 0% to 6.00%. From the results, it can be concluded that a leaf of white cassava variety can be used to develop a potential high carbohydrate and protein ruminant feed because it has appreciable levels of the nutrient.
{"title":"Proximate Composition of Different Parts of White Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Plant as a Ruminant Feed","authors":"S. Idris, R. Shamsudin, M. Nor, M. Mokhtar, Siti Salwa Abd Ghani","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000181","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third-largest carbohydrate food source in the tropical region after rice and corn. Its flesh is used to produce foods, while the other parts of the plant are not fully exploited. This research aimed to evaluatetheproximate composition of the cassava plant (Rayong 90 variety). Six different parts namely leaf, petiole, young stem, tuber, cortex and periderm of white variety cassava plants were dried and powdered to determine their proximate composition (protein, carbohydrate, fat, crude fiber, ash, moisture). The results show that the leaf is the most nutritional compared to other parts. Leaf had 43.80% carbohydrate, 23.87% protein, 13.66% crude fiber, 6.53% ash, 6.00 % crude fat and 5.00% moisture content. The crude protein for other parts were very low, ranging from 2.54% to 10.20%. The white cassava variety plant was very high in carbohydrates, ranging from 30.48% to 86.77% of dry matter. The mean percentage of crude fat found within the range from 0% to 6.00%. From the results, it can be concluded that a leaf of white cassava variety can be used to develop a potential high carbohydrate and protein ruminant feed because it has appreciable levels of the nutrient.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132552405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Haniff bin Ahmad, C. Teoh, Rohazrin Abdul Rani, Halimah Hashim
Rainfed planting season is traditional planting method to cultivated crops. Prediction from rainfall pattern and grow crop without installation of irrigation system, the potential of grain corn yield under small experimental plot exceeds 6 t/ha. High intensity of rainfall during the monsoon season is advantages for cultivation grain corn without irrigation system in Malaysia. Good cultural practice and with properly design of water management system allow grain yield to the potential level.
{"title":"Evaluation of Non-Irrigated and Irrigated For Grain Corn Cultivation During the Rainfed Season","authors":"Muhammad Haniff bin Ahmad, C. Teoh, Rohazrin Abdul Rani, Halimah Hashim","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000185","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfed planting season is traditional planting method to cultivated crops. Prediction from rainfall pattern and grow crop without installation of irrigation system, the potential of grain corn yield under small experimental plot exceeds 6 t/ha. High intensity of rainfall during the monsoon season is advantages for cultivation grain corn without irrigation system in Malaysia. Good cultural practice and with properly design of water management system allow grain yield to the potential level.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134361221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Izzuddin Mohamad Anuar, H. Arof, Nisfariza binti Mohd Nor, Zulkifli Hashim, I. A. Seman, Mazmira Mohamed Masri, Shukri Mohd Ibrahim, Ewe Hong Tat, C. M. Toh
Two major disease and pest in oil palm are Ganoderma disease and bagworm infestation. Ganoderma disease caused by Ganoderma boninense and bagworm infestation caused by Metisa Plana has caused significant loss to oil palm industry. Therefore, early detection and control are important to reduce the losses. This paper reviewed the existing approaches, challenges and future trend of aerial remote sensing technology for Ganoderma disease and bagworm infestation in oil palm. The aerial remote sensing technology comprises of multispectral, hyperspectral camera and radar which have different platform such as satellite, aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The aerial multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing analysed spectral signatures from visible and near infrared spectrum range for detection of the disease and pest attacks. Studies showed that satellite-based multispectral remote sensing only provide moderate accuracy (<70%) compared to UAV-based multispectral remote sensing (>80%) for detection of disease and pest infestation. Meanwhile, our study using UAV showed 90% of accuracy for moderate and severe Ganoderma disease detection in oil palm. Meanwhile, application of aerial hyperspectral remote sensing for Ganoderma disease showed potential for early detection of Ganoderma disease in oil palm and also can be used to detect early pest infestation in oil palm based on field spectroscopy results. Other than that, radar remote sensing has also able to differentiate healthy and Ganoderma-infected oil palm and also pest infestation by analysis of radar backscatter image of the foliar, frond and crown of oil palm. The challenges for the implementation of aerial remote sensing technology for disease and pest detection in oil palm is in tackling problems from shadows, mixed-class from single canopy and false-positive classification and also producing equipment at a lower and affordable price and also a user-friendly data analysis system that can be used by the plantations for a fast disease and pest detection works. The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Deep Learning (MDL), low-cost remote sensing camera and light-weight UAV has opened the opportunity to tackle the challenges. As a conclusion, aerial remote sensing provides better and faster disease and pest infestation detection system compared to ground-based inspection. The advancement of the aerial remote sensing technology can provide more economic and efficient disease and pest infestation detection system for large oil palm plantation areas.
{"title":"Remote Sensing for Detection of Ganoderma Disease and Bagworm Infestation in Oil Palm","authors":"Izzuddin Mohamad Anuar, H. Arof, Nisfariza binti Mohd Nor, Zulkifli Hashim, I. A. Seman, Mazmira Mohamed Masri, Shukri Mohd Ibrahim, Ewe Hong Tat, C. M. Toh","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000189","url":null,"abstract":"Two major disease and pest in oil palm are Ganoderma disease and bagworm infestation. Ganoderma disease caused by Ganoderma boninense and bagworm infestation caused by Metisa Plana has caused significant loss to oil palm industry. Therefore, early detection and control are important to reduce the losses. This paper reviewed the existing approaches, challenges and future trend of aerial remote sensing technology for Ganoderma disease and bagworm infestation in oil palm. The aerial remote sensing technology comprises of multispectral, hyperspectral camera and radar which have different platform such as satellite, aircraft and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The aerial multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing analysed spectral signatures from visible and near infrared spectrum range for detection of the disease and pest attacks. Studies showed that satellite-based multispectral remote sensing only provide moderate accuracy (<70%) compared to UAV-based multispectral remote sensing (>80%) for detection of disease and pest infestation. Meanwhile, our study using UAV showed 90% of accuracy for moderate and severe Ganoderma disease detection in oil palm. Meanwhile, application of aerial hyperspectral remote sensing for Ganoderma disease showed potential for early detection of Ganoderma disease in oil palm and also can be used to detect early pest infestation in oil palm based on field spectroscopy results. Other than that, radar remote sensing has also able to differentiate healthy and Ganoderma-infected oil palm and also pest infestation by analysis of radar backscatter image of the foliar, frond and crown of oil palm. The challenges for the implementation of aerial remote sensing technology for disease and pest detection in oil palm is in tackling problems from shadows, mixed-class from single canopy and false-positive classification and also producing equipment at a lower and affordable price and also a user-friendly data analysis system that can be used by the plantations for a fast disease and pest detection works. The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Deep Learning (MDL), low-cost remote sensing camera and light-weight UAV has opened the opportunity to tackle the challenges. As a conclusion, aerial remote sensing provides better and faster disease and pest infestation detection system compared to ground-based inspection. The advancement of the aerial remote sensing technology can provide more economic and efficient disease and pest infestation detection system for large oil palm plantation areas.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124602966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the difference of antioxidants activity from different extraction techniques of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Three different extraction techniques involved were aqueous extraction, high-pressure steam extraction and 70% ethanol extraction. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activities were analysed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The high-pressure steam extract showed the highest total phenolic content and both FRAP and DPPH activities at 127.87 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g, 53.38 ± 2.76 mg AAE/g and 79.92 ± 0.26 mg AAE/g. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract showed 2-fold higher of total phenolic content compared to ethanol extract at 65.73 ± 9.44 and 30.61 ± 0.00 mg GAE/g. Conversely, antioxidant activities obtained from ethanol extracts (41.49 ± 2.54 and 41.10 ± 0.10 mg AAE/g.) were higher compared to aqueous extract (23.29 ± 0.47 and 5.24 ± 0.38 mg AAE/g.). This study suggests that different extraction methods influenced the findings of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the Jerusalem artichoke. Hence, Jerusalem artichoke can be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
{"title":"Evaluation of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities from different type of extraction technique of Helianthus tuberosus","authors":"Nur Diyana Alyas, N. Zulkifli, N. Hasnan","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000165","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the difference of antioxidants activity from different extraction techniques of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Three different extraction techniques involved were aqueous extraction, high-pressure steam extraction and 70% ethanol extraction. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activities were analysed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The high-pressure steam extract showed the highest total phenolic content and both FRAP and DPPH activities at 127.87 ± 0.08 mg GAE/g, 53.38 ± 2.76 mg AAE/g and 79.92 ± 0.26 mg AAE/g. Meanwhile, the aqueous extract showed 2-fold higher of total phenolic content compared to ethanol extract at 65.73 ± 9.44 and 30.61 ± 0.00 mg GAE/g. Conversely, antioxidant activities obtained from ethanol extracts (41.49 ± 2.54 and 41.10 ± 0.10 mg AAE/g.) were higher compared to aqueous extract (23.29 ± 0.47 and 5.24 ± 0.38 mg AAE/g.). This study suggests that different extraction methods influenced the findings of total phenolic content and antioxidant activities of the Jerusalem artichoke. Hence, Jerusalem artichoke can be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122151469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abdullah, K NurulAfza, H Md.Akhir, J ShahmihaizanM, M. F. Mail, A KhairulIdzwan, R NorahshekinA, M Zawayi
Mechanization has been the solution to counter issue such as labor shortage and low production rate on field in the agricultural sector. Adaptation of mechanization system could lower the cost of production, improve quality and also reduce the tedious work of labor. Current practice, which contributes to high cost in labor since the job requires a lot of man power. MARDI has developed a complete machinery package for sweet potato production from land preparation until harvesting. One of the important activities that require an implementation of machinery aspect is ridge forming. This activity is essential due to the height of the ridge influences the yield. It is believed that the higher the ridge will contribute, to more aeration and thus, produce higher yields. In this manuscript, the authors report on the development and evaluation of the disc ridger. It is believed that this implement is capable to be used as ridge forming as well as inter-row cultivator. This tractor-mounted implement was designed with two units of high quality steel discs which is attached to the frame with disc diameter and thickness of 720 mm and 6 mm respectively. This disc ridger is able to form either a single row or double row planting ridges to suit with the desired planting system for sweet potato. This is due to the location of the discs at the frame which is adjustable. Furthermore, this implement also can be employed as an inter-row cultivator for weeding control of sweet potato planting in the early stages. In addition, this implement also equipped with granular based fertilizer applicator in which 2 application can be performed together which are weeding and fertilizing. The recorded field capacity of this machine is 0.29 ha/hr for bed forming and 0.28 ha/hr for inter-row weeding and fertilizing. In terms of fertilizer application performance, the average amount of fertilizer to be withdrawn for 50m bed is 1.53kg or 7.65g/plant, which is complied to the agronomist recommendation.
{"title":"3 In 1 Disc Ridger: Development of An Improved Implement For Sweet Potato Plant-Bed Making, Fertilizing and Mechanical Weeding","authors":"A. Abdullah, K NurulAfza, H Md.Akhir, J ShahmihaizanM, M. F. Mail, A KhairulIdzwan, R NorahshekinA, M Zawayi","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000170","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanization has been the solution to counter issue such as labor shortage and low production rate on field in the agricultural sector. Adaptation of mechanization system could lower the cost of production, improve quality and also reduce the tedious work of labor. Current practice, which contributes to high cost in labor since the job requires a lot of man power. MARDI has developed a complete machinery package for sweet potato production from land preparation until harvesting. One of the important activities that require an implementation of machinery aspect is ridge forming. This activity is essential due to the height of the ridge influences the yield. It is believed that the higher the ridge will contribute, to more aeration and thus, produce higher yields. In this manuscript, the authors report on the development and evaluation of the disc ridger. It is believed that this implement is capable to be used as ridge forming as well as inter-row cultivator. This tractor-mounted implement was designed with two units of high quality steel discs which is attached to the frame with disc diameter and thickness of 720 mm and 6 mm respectively. This disc ridger is able to form either a single row or double row planting ridges to suit with the desired planting system for sweet potato. This is due to the location of the discs at the frame which is adjustable. Furthermore, this implement also can be employed as an inter-row cultivator for weeding control of sweet potato planting in the early stages. In addition, this implement also equipped with granular based fertilizer applicator in which 2 application can be performed together which are weeding and fertilizing. The recorded field capacity of this machine is 0.29 ha/hr for bed forming and 0.28 ha/hr for inter-row weeding and fertilizing. In terms of fertilizer application performance, the average amount of fertilizer to be withdrawn for 50m bed is 1.53kg or 7.65g/plant, which is complied to the agronomist recommendation.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127905889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohd Hudzari, Muhammad Aliuddin Bakar, Muhammad Syukri Mohd Sabir
Innovation and invention in field mechanization for oil palm sector has created a variety of advancement in technology. The change in oil palm operation to mechanization will overcome the problem of labour shortage occurrence in oil palm sector. The problem occurs in harvesting tall oil palm is the height of oil palm that causes difficulty to cut the fresh fruit bunch by using manual labour. Moreover, the use of automated harvester also will make the harvesting operation easier without the requirement of skilled labour and ensuring labour safety. The automated harvester has advantages and disadvantages that need to be improved in meeting the oil palm requirement. This study overviews the mechanization that are used in harvesting tall oil palm. This research project has resulted in the development of high technology mechanization based on previously developed machine for harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) at 10 meter and above of oil palm age tress. However, the previous developed machines cannot be accepted in the current and widely practiced Industrial revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). Mechanization approach makes harvesting tall oil palm a reality to overcome the problem that normally occur in oil palm sector due to height of oil palm.
{"title":"Conceptual Development of Automated Harvester for Tall Oil Palm Tree","authors":"Mohd Hudzari, Muhammad Aliuddin Bakar, Muhammad Syukri Mohd Sabir","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000151","url":null,"abstract":"Innovation and invention in field mechanization for oil palm sector has created a variety of advancement in technology. The change in oil palm operation to mechanization will overcome the problem of labour shortage occurrence in oil palm sector. The problem occurs in harvesting tall oil palm is the height of oil palm that causes difficulty to cut the fresh fruit bunch by using manual labour. Moreover, the use of automated harvester also will make the harvesting operation easier without the requirement of skilled labour and ensuring labour safety. The automated harvester has advantages and disadvantages that need to be improved in meeting the oil palm requirement. This study overviews the mechanization that are used in harvesting tall oil palm. This research project has resulted in the development of high technology mechanization based on previously developed machine for harvesting fresh fruit bunches (FFB) at 10 meter and above of oil palm age tress. However, the previous developed machines cannot be accepted in the current and widely practiced Industrial revolution 4.0 (IR4.0). Mechanization approach makes harvesting tall oil palm a reality to overcome the problem that normally occur in oil palm sector due to height of oil palm.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133297262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siti Afiqah Razali, M. Nor, M. S. Anuar, R. Shamsudin, W. Mohamad
Banana puree is one of the main commercial banana products available in the market worldwide. However, like other purees, banana puree deteriorates quite rapidly and gets a chilling injury when refrigerated. Therefore, this study focused on the dehydration of banana puree using a foam mat drying (FMD) technique to prolong its shelf life. It involved whipping the banana puree to form foams with the help of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the foaming agent and foam stabilizer, respectively. The study evaluated the effect of different foaming agent percentages (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%) and drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80°C) on the production of the foam mat dried banana powder. Besides that, the drying curves of banana puree using FMD and oven drying methods were compared. The banana powders produced were also analyzed in terms of the foam density, moisture content, solubility, color (browning index) and flowability (caking strength). Based on the findings, the FMD technique has proven to produce a good quality banana powder better than the control sample especially at a higher foaming agent concentration (15%) and drying temperature (80°C). By using the FMD technique, the banana puree has the capacity to be dried three times faster compared to the conventional oven drying method to form a more stable banana powder.
{"title":"Banana Powder Production via Foam Mat Drying","authors":"Siti Afiqah Razali, M. Nor, M. S. Anuar, R. Shamsudin, W. Mohamad","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000142","url":null,"abstract":"Banana puree is one of the main commercial banana products available in the market worldwide. However, like other purees, banana puree deteriorates quite rapidly and gets a chilling injury when refrigerated. Therefore, this study focused on the dehydration of banana puree using a foam mat drying (FMD) technique to prolong its shelf life. It involved whipping the banana puree to form foams with the help of whey protein concentrate (WPC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the foaming agent and foam stabilizer, respectively. The study evaluated the effect of different foaming agent percentages (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15%) and drying temperatures (50, 60, 70 and 80°C) on the production of the foam mat dried banana powder. Besides that, the drying curves of banana puree using FMD and oven drying methods were compared. The banana powders produced were also analyzed in terms of the foam density, moisture content, solubility, color (browning index) and flowability (caking strength). Based on the findings, the FMD technique has proven to produce a good quality banana powder better than the control sample especially at a higher foaming agent concentration (15%) and drying temperature (80°C). By using the FMD technique, the banana puree has the capacity to be dried three times faster compared to the conventional oven drying method to form a more stable banana powder.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114906021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Badrul Amin Mohamed Zaki, R. Shamsudin, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff
Biogas is a value-added product comes from anaerobic digestion of organic compounds. The most common biogas production is done in large capacity which required large area and high cost to be operated. In order to benefits the consumer on the biogas production, varieties of innovated household biodigester machines were introduced.This portable household biodigesterappeals to the rural to provide economical and alternate source of energy apart reducing the organic waste dumping to landfill. Biogas produce consists of methane gas which can act as an alternative for cooking gas at home. In the meantime, effluent obtained at the end of anaerobic digestion can be used as fertilizer. Moreover, the cost of production is cheaper and easier to be operate. The size of portable household biodigesters varies in range of 1 to 150 m3 with common designs such as fixed dome, floating drum, plug flow type, and balloon type.This review paper aims to bring a further understanding on the design, capabilities and limitation from different type of household biodigester that have been used.
{"title":"Portable Biodigester System for Household Use – A review","authors":"Muhammad Badrul Amin Mohamed Zaki, R. Shamsudin, Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000148","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas is a value-added product comes from anaerobic digestion of organic compounds. The most common biogas production is done in large capacity which required large area and high cost to be operated. In order to benefits the consumer on the biogas production, varieties of innovated household biodigester machines were introduced.This portable household biodigesterappeals to the rural to provide economical and alternate source of energy apart reducing the organic waste dumping to landfill. Biogas produce consists of methane gas which can act as an alternative for cooking gas at home. In the meantime, effluent obtained at the end of anaerobic digestion can be used as fertilizer. Moreover, the cost of production is cheaper and easier to be operate. The size of portable household biodigesters varies in range of 1 to 150 m3 with common designs such as fixed dome, floating drum, plug flow type, and balloon type.This review paper aims to bring a further understanding on the design, capabilities and limitation from different type of household biodigester that have been used.","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133953647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. E. Abioye, Mohammad Shukri Zainal Abidin, Mohd Saiful Azimi Mahmud, S. Buyamin, M. Ishak, M. K. A. Abd Rahman, U. Zangina
The demand for freshwater and food is on the increase due to the rapid growth in the world’s population, while the effect of global warming and climate change poses a severe threat on water use and food security. Conventional irrigation system suffers due to an inefficient management of water and energy, while insufficient supply of water to plant increases their stress which often affects its growth and development. Hence, there is a need to increase research focus on water use efficiency in irrigation agriculture. This paper is aimed at investigating the performance of smart drip and subsurface fibrous capillary irrigation experiment for the cultivation of cantaloupe plant to increase the yield and quality of fruit while decreasing the water and energy usage. To achieve enhancement of subsurface fibrous capillary and drip irrigation system, an Internet of Things (IoT) approach was used to improve monitoring of soil, weather, plant and control of water application. The performance comparisons of both methods was evaluated in terms of water-saving in greenhouse cultivation experiment. The results obtained, shows that the smart fibrous capillary irrigation has water use efficiency of 19 g/Litre with average fruit sweetness of13.5 Brix. While, drip irrigation has 4.85 g/Litre and average sweetness of 10 Brix on the harvested fruit after 90 days of cantaloupe plant cultivation experiment. These have shown that precision irrigation through enhanced smart fibrous capillary irrigation can be used to achieve high water-saving and a good quality yield. It is expected that the research output will help to improve water-saving agriculture towards achieving food security.Keywords: Water Saving; Capillary Irrigation; Drip Irrigation; Internet of Things; Water Use Efficiency
{"title":"Performance Comparison of Experimental IoT Based Drip and Fibrous Capillary Irrigation Systems in The Cultivation of Cantaloupe Plants","authors":"A. E. Abioye, Mohammad Shukri Zainal Abidin, Mohd Saiful Azimi Mahmud, S. Buyamin, M. Ishak, M. K. A. Abd Rahman, U. Zangina","doi":"10.36877/aafrj.a0000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36877/aafrj.a0000121","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for freshwater and food is on the increase due to the rapid growth in the world’s population, while the effect of global warming and climate change poses a severe threat on water use and food security. Conventional irrigation system suffers due to an inefficient management of water and energy, while insufficient supply of water to plant increases their stress which often affects its growth and development. Hence, there is a need to increase research focus on water use efficiency in irrigation agriculture. This paper is aimed at investigating the performance of smart drip and subsurface fibrous capillary irrigation experiment for the cultivation of cantaloupe plant to increase the yield and quality of fruit while decreasing the water and energy usage. To achieve enhancement of subsurface fibrous capillary and drip irrigation system, an Internet of Things (IoT) approach was used to improve monitoring of soil, weather, plant and control of water application. The performance comparisons of both methods was evaluated in terms of water-saving in greenhouse cultivation experiment. The results obtained, shows that the smart fibrous capillary irrigation has water use efficiency of 19 g/Litre with average fruit sweetness of13.5 Brix. While, drip irrigation has 4.85 g/Litre and average sweetness of 10 Brix on the harvested fruit after 90 days of cantaloupe plant cultivation experiment. These have shown that precision irrigation through enhanced smart fibrous capillary irrigation can be used to achieve high water-saving and a good quality yield. It is expected that the research output will help to improve water-saving agriculture towards achieving food security.Keywords: Water Saving; Capillary Irrigation; Drip Irrigation; Internet of Things; Water Use Efficiency","PeriodicalId":420247,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal","volume":"25 64","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113962673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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