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Tolerance of effective ingroup deviants as a function of moral disengagement / Tolerancia de la disidencia efectiva de los miembros del endogrupo como función de la desconexión moral 对有效群体内偏差的容忍作为道德脱离的功能/对有效群体内成员异议的容忍作为道德脱离的功能
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1352169
Tiago Aguiar, Miguel Campos, Isabel Rocha Pinto, J. M. Marques
Abstract The subjective group dynamics theory posits that individuals derogate ingroup members who deviate from prescriptive moral norms. Research on moral disengagement suggests that deviants may, sometimes, be tolerated. This study’s goal was to test whether leniency towards effective ingroup deviants is accounted for by mechanisms of moral disengagement. Portuguese participants (N = 75) judged a Portuguese (ingroup) or Spanish (outgroup) manager whose deviant conduct was either effective (i.e., had positive consequences) or ineffective (i.e., had negative consequences) for a Portuguese company. As predicted, participants favoured deviant but effective ingroup members. This was mediated by an increase in moral disengagement and a decrease in negative emotional reactions. Results suggest that individuals downplay the importance of moral norms when facing ambiguous ingroup deviants, as a means to protect their social identity. We discuss these results in light of subjective group dynamics theory.
主观群体动力学理论认为,个体会贬损偏离规定性道德规范的群体成员。对道德脱离的研究表明,有时候,离经叛道者是可以被容忍的。本研究的目的是检验对有效的内部越轨者的宽容是否可以通过道德脱离机制来解释。葡萄牙参与者(N = 75)判断一名葡萄牙(内群体)或西班牙(外群体)经理的越轨行为对一家葡萄牙公司是有效的(即有积极的后果)还是无效的(即有消极的后果)。正如预测的那样,参与者更喜欢不正常但有效的内部成员。这是由道德脱离的增加和负面情绪反应的减少所介导的。结果表明,个体在面对模棱两可的群体越轨者时,会淡化道德规范的重要性,以此作为保护自己社会身份的一种手段。我们从主观群体动力学的角度来讨论这些结果。
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引用次数: 5
Editorial Board 编辑委员会
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1386901
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引用次数: 0
Influence of musical genres with Andean contents on the components of Peruvian national identity / Influencia de géneros musicales con contenidos andinos en los componentes de la identidad nacional peruana 安第斯内容音乐流派对秘鲁民族身份组成部分的影响/安第斯内容音乐流派对秘鲁民族身份组成部分的影响
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1352167
M. Pacheco, A. Espinosa, Mathias Schmitz
Abstract The purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of different musical genres with Andean influences (Huayno, Chicha and Rock/Fusion) on the components of Peruvian national identity. To this end, we enlisted the participation of 92 upper-middle-class people (M = 19.91, SD = 1.95). The participants were randomly assigned each music genre in three experimental groups: Huayno (n = 30), Chicha (n = 31) and Rock/Fusion (n = 31). The results show that Rock/Fusion is the most highly rated musical genre with the most positive influence on some stereotypical components of national identity, attitude towards music and positive emotions. In contrast, the more ‘Andeanized’ genres, especially Chicha music, are perceived more negatively and have fewer positive effects on the stereotypical components of national identity, attitude towards music and positive emotions. The discussion suggests that the influence of the musical expressions evaluated depends on the ascribed status of the social group where these expressions were originally conceived and are currently consumed.
摘要本研究的目的是分析受安第斯影响的不同音乐流派(华诺、奇卡和Rock/Fusion)对秘鲁民族身份构成的影响。为此,我们招募了92名中上阶层人士(M=19.91,SD=1.95)。参与者被随机分配到三个实验组:华野(n=30)、奇茶(n=31)和摇滚/融合(n=31。结果表明,Rock/Fusion是评价最高的音乐流派,对民族认同、对音乐的态度和积极情绪的一些刻板印象产生了最积极的影响。相比之下,更“Andeanized”的流派,尤其是Chicha音乐,被认为更消极,对民族认同、对音乐的态度和积极情绪的刻板印象影响更少。讨论表明,所评估的音乐表达的影响取决于这些表达最初构思和目前消费的社会群体的归属地位。
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引用次数: 1
What is behind envy? Approach from a psychosocial perspective / ¿Qué se esconde detrás de la envidia? Aproximación desde una perspectiva psicosocial Envy背后是什么?从心理社会的角度来看/嫉妒背后隐藏着什么?心理社会视角下的方法
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1297354
Ginés Navarro-Carrillo, Ana-María Beltrán-Morillas, Inmaculada Valor-Segura, F. Expósito
Abstract Envy strongly influences many spheres of social life. However, the psychology of envy is still in its infancy. A theoretical and empirical examination of envy was performed with a psychosocial focus via two exploratory studies. In Study 1 (N = 141), participants were asked to describe an event in which they experienced envy, indicating which people they envied and the reasons for that envy. In Study 2 (N = 311), the relationship between envy and several psychosocial variables such as self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived control were analysed, as well as the predisposition to express aggressive behaviours in response to this emotion. The results of Study 1 revealed that friends were the most envied people, and abilities or personal skills were the most frequent sources of envy. Likewise, the results of Study 2 showed that self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived control predicted envy, which in turn predicted the expression of verbal aggressive behaviours.
嫉妒强烈影响着社会生活的许多领域。然而,嫉妒心理仍处于初级阶段。通过两项探索性研究,以心理社会为重点,对嫉妒进行了理论和实证检验。在研究1(N=141)中,参与者被要求描述他们经历嫉妒的事件,说明他们嫉妒哪些人以及嫉妒的原因。在研究2中(N=311),分析了嫉妒与几个心理社会变量之间的关系,如自我效能、自尊和感知控制,以及对这种情绪表达攻击性行为的倾向。研究1的结果显示,朋友是最令人羡慕的人,而能力或个人技能是最常见的嫉妒来源。同样,研究2的结果表明,自我效能感、自尊和感知控制预测嫉妒,嫉妒反过来预测言语攻击行为的表达。
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引用次数: 17
Spanish validation of the Servant Leadership Short Scale for young adults and adolescents / Validación de la Escala de Liderazgo de Servicio Versión Abreviada en español para jóvenes adultos y adolescentes 青年和青少年服务领导量表的西班牙语验证/青年和青少年服务领导量表的验证
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1292701
Reynaldo Rivera, David Santos, Manuel Martín-Fernández
Abstract The aim of the current study was to validate a shortened Spanish version of the Servant Leadership Profile (SLP). In Study 1, a number of experts evaluated and reduced the original scale to 14 items and named the revised version the Servant Leadership Short Scale (SLSS). An exploratory factor analysis conducted with a sample of 1,001 students revealed two possible structure solutions, a one-factor solution and a two-correlated factor solution. Study 2 used a different sample of 456 students to examine the explored structures using confirmatory factor analysis. A one-factor solution was proposed (χ2/df = 3.4, CFI = .91, TLI = .90, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .06). Finally, in Study 3, servant leadership was used as a predictor of self-efficacy (b = .685, p < .001) and demonstrated good predictive validity. This model explained 41.55% of the variance on self-efficacy. Reliability analyses of the three studies showed that this 14-item Spanish version had high internal consistency. Together, the results of the three studies support the application of the SLSS in future research.
摘要本研究的目的是验证服务型领导简介(SLP)的精简西班牙语版本。在研究1中,多位专家对原量表进行了评估并将其缩减为14个条目,并将修订后的量表命名为仆人式领导短量表(SLSS)。对1001名学生进行的探索性因素分析揭示了两种可能的结构解决方案,一种是单因素解决方案,一种是双相关因素解决方案。研究2使用了456名学生的不同样本,使用验证性因子分析来检查所探索的结构。提出单因素解决方案(χ2/df = 3.4, CFI = .91, TLI = .90, RMSEA = .07, SRMR = .06)。最后,在研究3中,仆人式领导被用作自我效能感的预测因子(b = .685, p < .001),并显示出良好的预测效度。这个模型解释了41.55%的自我效能差异。三个研究的信度分析表明,这14个条目的西班牙语版本具有较高的内部一致性。总之,这三项研究的结果支持了SLSS在未来研究中的应用。
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引用次数: 7
Spanish version of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS): results from two samples of female university students / Versión española de la Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS): resultados correspondientes a dos muestras de estudiantes universitarias 西班牙语版客观身体意识量表(OBCS):来自两个女大学生样本的结果/ Versión española de la客观身体意识量表(OBCS): resultados correspontes ados muestras de students universitarias
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-03-22 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1292700
Alba Moya-Garófano, J. L. Megías, Rosa Rodríguez-Bailón, Miguel Moya
Abstract Self-objectification happens when people internalize a view of themselves as an object or collection of body parts. Two studies were conducted to validate the Spanish version of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS). This scale assesses self-objectification through three components: body surveillance, body shame and appearance control beliefs in women. In Study 1 and Study 2, 218 and 201 female undergraduate students, respectively, responded to the Spanish version of this scale and other related measures. In Study 2, they also reported on their emotions after being exposed to an objectifying scenario. The three subscales of the Spanish version of the OBCS showed acceptable indices of internal consistency (ranging between α = .68 to .84), and the confirmatory factor analysis showed a three-factor solution to be the most appropriate. Adequate convergent validity was found with respect to the Self-Objectification Questionnaire (SOQ) and other variables such as self-esteem, other-directedness, hostile sexism and enjoyment of sexualization. These findings suggest that the Spanish version of the OBCS is a satisfactory measure of college women’s self-objectification.
抽象自我客体化发生在人们将自己的观点内化为一个物体或身体部位的集合时。进行了两项研究来验证西班牙语版的客观化身体意识量表(OBCS)。该量表通过三个组成部分来评估自我客体化:女性的身体监控、身体羞耻感和外表控制信念。在研究1和研究2中,分别有218名和201名女大学生对西班牙语版的该量表和其他相关指标做出了回应。在研究2中,他们还报告了他们在暴露于客观化场景后的情绪。西班牙版OBCS的三个分量表显示出可接受的内部一致性指数(范围在α=.68至.84之间),验证性因素分析显示三因素解决方案是最合适的。自我客体化问卷(SOQ)和其他变量,如自尊、其他直接性、敌对的性别歧视和性化的享受,都有足够的收敛有效性。这些发现表明,西班牙语版的OBCS是衡量大学女性自我客体化的一个令人满意的指标。
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引用次数: 12
Revealing stereotype threat effects and women’s maths performance: the moderating role of mathematical anxiety / Análisis de los efectos de la amenaza del estereotipo y el rendimiento matemático de las mujeres: el rol moderador de la ansiedad matemática 揭示刻板印象威胁的影响和女性的数学表现:数学焦虑的调节作用/分析刻板印象威胁的影响和女性的数学表现:数学焦虑的调节作用
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1291746
Daniel Pérez-Garín, A. Bustillos, F. Molero
Abstract Stereotype threat is a phenomenon by which members of a stereotyped group have their performance impaired when their group identity is made salient. Previous research has found that telling women about stereotype threat prevents impaired performance in mathematical tasks. Moreover, the effect of stereotype threat seems to be moderated by mathematical anxiety. The present work seeks (1) to test the effect of stereotype threat on women’s maths performance taking into account a previous maths score, (2) to replicate in a Spanish sample the protective effect of teaching intervention and (3) to test the moderator role of maths anxiety in the relationship between stereotype threat and impaired performance. Participants (110 undergraduate students) were randomly assigned to either stereotype threat or teaching intervention condition and the decrement in their performance was used as a dependent variable. Stereotype threat only impairs the performance of women with higher maths anxiety scores, and teaching intervention is effective to ameliorate this decrement in performance. We recommend the development of programmes that teach girls about stereotype threat and reduce mathematical anxiety.
摘要刻板印象威胁是一种刻板印象群体的成员在其群体身份显著时表现受损的现象。先前的研究发现,告诉女性刻板印象的威胁可以防止数学任务的表现受损。此外,刻板印象威胁的影响似乎受到数学焦虑的调节。本工作试图(1)在考虑以前的数学成绩的情况下,测试刻板印象威胁对女性数学成绩的影响;(2)在西班牙样本中复制教学干预的保护作用;(3)测试数学焦虑在刻板印象威胁和成绩受损之间关系中的调节作用。参与者(110名本科生)被随机分配到刻板印象威胁或教学干预条件下,他们表现的下降被用作因变量。刻板印象的威胁只会损害数学焦虑得分较高的女性的表现,而教学干预可以有效地改善这种表现的下降。我们建议制定一些方案,向女孩传授刻板印象的威胁,减少数学焦虑。
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引用次数: 2
Sexism in adolescence: parenting styles, division of housework, prosocial behaviour and aggressive behaviour / Sexismo en la adolescencia: estilos de crianza, división de tareas domésticas, conducta prosocial y agresividad 青少年中的性别歧视:育儿方式、家务分工、亲社会行为和攻击性行为/青少年中的性别歧视:育儿方式、家务分工、亲社会行为和攻击性行为
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1291745
Elizabeth Malonda, Ana Tur-Porcar, Anna Llorca
Abstract The aim of this study was to identify which factors were the best predictors of sexist attitudes. To achieve this aim, two groups of variables were analysed. The first group consisted of variables relating to parenting styles and the division of housework. The second group consisted of personal factors related to prosocial behaviour and physical and verbal aggression. The sample was made up of 732 adolescents aged 12–14 from Valencia (Spain). The analysis was conducted separately for boys and girls. Correlation analyses and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted on each subsample. The results show that the division of housework and parenting styles were related to sexist attitudes. This connection was especially strong for the division of housework according to traditional gender roles, which was found to lead to hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes. The results also showed that prosocial and aggressive behaviours were correlated with sexist attitudes. The results varied by gender. The findings of this research have implications for the prevention of sexist attitudes.
摘要本研究的目的是确定哪些因素是性别歧视态度的最佳预测因子。为了达到这个目的,我们分析了两组变量。第一组包括与养育方式和家务分工有关的变量。第二组包括亲社会行为、身体和语言攻击等个人因素。样本由来自西班牙瓦伦西亚的732名12-14岁的青少年组成。对男孩和女孩分别进行了分析。对各子样本进行相关分析和多元线性回归分析。结果表明,家务分工和父母教养方式与性别歧视态度有关。这种联系在根据传统性别角色划分家务方面尤为明显,这被发现会导致敌意和善意的性别歧视态度。结果还表明,亲社会行为和攻击行为与性别歧视态度相关。结果因性别而异。本研究结果对预防性别歧视态度具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 16
Me, an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial identity, outgroup social identification, attitudes and intentions towards business creation / ¿Yo, un emprendedor? Identidad emprendedora, identificación social con el exogrupo, actitudes e intenciones respecto a la creación de empresas 我,一个企业家?企业家身份、外部群体社会认同、对创业的态度和意图/Yo,企业家?企业家身份、与前群体的社会认同、对创业的态度和意图
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1291744
Florent Lheureux, Laurent Auzoult
Abstract This article aims to further investigate the role of social identity processes in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions (EI). We investigate the general hypothesis that social identification with entrepreneurs is positively associated with EI and its antecedents such as attitude, perceived social norm (subjective norm) and perceived behavioural control (self-efficacy), considered as mediators. In particular, the role of three dimensions of social identification (affects, ties and self-typicality) was empirically studied in a sample of students that answered a questionnaire. Results from regression analyses show that the affects dimension is positively linked to attitude and the perceived social norm, which mediate its association with EI. Likewise, the ties dimension appears to relate positively to EI and attitude, the latter mediating the relationship with the former. Results regarding the self-typicality dimension are mixed (significant association with perceived behavioural control, non-significant association with EI). The discussion addresses the importance of social identity processes in EI formation, study limitations, as well as possible future studies of both theoretical and practical relevance.
摘要本文旨在进一步探讨社会认同过程在创业意向形成中的作用。我们研究了企业家社会认同与EI及其前因变量(态度、感知社会规范(主观规范)和感知行为控制(自我效能))正相关的一般假设。特别是,在回答问卷的学生样本中,实证研究了社会认同的三个维度(影响、联系和自我典型)的作用。回归分析结果表明,影响维度与态度和感知社会规范正相关,态度和感知社会规范介导了影响维度与情商的关系。同样,纽带维度似乎与情商和态度呈正相关,后者中介与前者的关系。关于自我典型维度的结果是混合的(与感知行为控制显著相关,与EI不显著相关)。讨论了社会认同过程在EI形成中的重要性、研究局限性,以及未来可能的理论和实践相关研究。
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引用次数: 8
‘Believing is adapting’: Belief in a just world and emigrants’ identification and satisfaction with the host country / ‘Creer es adaptarse’: Creer en un mundo justo y la identificación y satisfacción de los emigrantes con el país de acogida “相信就是适应”:相信一个公正的世界和移民对东道国的认同和满意/“相信就是适应”:相信一个公正的世界和移民对东道国的认同和满意
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2017-02-28 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2017.1291743
Ana C. Leite, Sónia G. Cardoso, André G. Marques, Catarina Morais
Abstract In an era in which Europe is experiencing a new wave of emigration as a result of the economic crisis, it seems socially relevant to study the processes that underlie emigrants’ adjustment to their new place of living. Research has thoroughly supported the assumption that believing in a just world is an adaptive mechanism that helps people to deal with uncertainty and harsh realities in life. We propose that the endorsement of such beliefs might also contribute to a positive identification with the host country. Using a sample of Portuguese emigrants (N = 144), we demonstrate in a cross-sectional design that belief in a just world predicts a positive identification with the host country. In addition, positive levels of identification with the host country predicted higher levels of satisfaction with emigrant life. Theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
由于经济危机,欧洲正在经历新一轮移民潮,研究移民适应新居住地的过程似乎具有社会意义。研究完全支持这样的假设:相信一个公正的世界是一种适应机制,可以帮助人们应对生活中的不确定性和残酷现实。我们建议,赞同这种信念也可能有助于对东道国的积极认同。使用葡萄牙移民样本(N = 144),我们在横断面设计中证明,对公正世界的信念预示着对东道国的积极认同。此外,对东道国的积极认同水平预示着对移民生活的更高满意度。讨论了理论和应用意义。
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引用次数: 5
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Revista De Psicologia Social
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