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Analysis of the changing relationship between peer acceptance and academic achievement in adolescents / Análisis de la relación variable entre la aceptación entre iguales y el rendimiento académico de los adolescentes 分析青少年同龄人接受度与学业成绩的变化关系/同龄人接受度与青少年学业成绩的变化关系分析
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2016.1190128
Laura O. Gallardo, Á. Barrasa
Abstract Peer interactions in the context of group-level relationships have significant consequences on social adjustment across the lifespan of children and adolescents. Indeed, peer relations change systematically with individuals’ development. This study examined the effect of positive peer interactions measured as peer acceptance on academic achievement during the adolescence developmental stage. Participants were 766 students aged 11–16 years old. Adolescents completed a sociometric measure of peer acceptance. Academic achievement data were obtained from students’ report card grades. Regression analyses indicated that peer acceptance predicted academic achievement, and also a moderation effect was found displaying a higher impact of peer acceptance on academic achievement for younger adolescents than for older adolescents. It is suggested that improving peer relationships within the group, especially at early adolescence, can be a target of intervention to improve academic functioning at school.
摘要群体关系背景下的同伴互动对儿童和青少年一生的社会适应具有重要影响。事实上,同伴关系会随着个人的发展而系统性地发生变化。本研究考察了积极的同伴互动对青少年发展阶段学业成绩的影响。参与者是766名11-16岁的学生。青少年完成了同伴接受度的社会计量测量。学习成绩数据来自学生的成绩单成绩。回归分析表明,同伴接纳对学业成绩有预测作用,且存在调节效应,低龄青少年的同伴接纳对学业成绩的影响高于大龄青少年。这表明,改善群体内的同伴关系,特别是在青春期早期,可以成为改善学校学业功能的干预目标。
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引用次数: 3
Promoting social equality values to improve judgement of a woman reporting sexism / El fomento de valores relacionados con la igualdad social para mejorar la opinión sobre las mujeres que denuncian discriminación por sexismo 促进社会平等价值观,以改善对举报性别歧视的妇女的判断/促进社会平等价值观,以改善对举报性别歧视的妇女的看法
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-03-10 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2016.1150054
Sandrine Redersdorff, Jennifer Bastart, Anne-Laure Hernandez, Delphine Martinot
Abstract Previous research has shown that discriminated women blame themselves more than they blame discrimination when meritocracy values are salient. In two studies, we examined whether meritocracy values also influence female observers when they judge a female victim of sexism. Such values were expected to lead them to judge more positively a victim incriminating herself than a victim claiming discrimination. Conversely, social equality values should lead them to judge more positively a victim claiming discrimination. Women who were either feminists or non-feminists (Study 1) or who were exposed to either social equality values or personal merit values (Study 2) had to judge a female victim of sexism who ascribed what happened to discrimination or to her ability. Feminist women and women exposed to social equality judged the female victim more positively when she reported discrimination than when she incriminated herself. The reverse pattern of judgement was observed for non-feminist women and women exposed to meritocracy values. The importance of values is discussed to improve the image of women claiming sexism.
先前的研究表明,当精英主义价值观突出时,受歧视的女性更多地责怪自己,而不是指责歧视。在两项研究中,我们考察了任人唯贤的价值观是否也会影响女性观察者判断性别歧视的女性受害者。这样的价值观预计会使他们更积极地判断一个自证其罪的受害者,而不是一个声称受到歧视的受害者。相反,社会平等价值观应该引导他们更积极地判断声称受到歧视的受害者。女权主义者或非女权主义者(研究1)或暴露于社会平等价值观或个人价值价值观(研究2)的女性必须判断性别歧视的女性受害者,她将所发生的事情归因于歧视或她的能力。女权主义妇女和接触到社会平等的妇女在女性受害者报告受到歧视时比在她自证其罪时更积极地评价受害者。非女权主义女性和受精英主义价值观影响的女性则表现出相反的判断模式。讨论了价值观的重要性,以改善主张性别歧视的女性形象。
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引用次数: 2
Is the beautiful always so good? Influence of physical attractiveness on the social perception of sexual harassment / ¿Es lo bello siempre tan bueno? Influencia del atractivo físico en la percepción social del acoso sexual 美丽总是那么好吗?身体吸引力对社会对性骚扰的感知的影响/美丽总是那么好吗?身体吸引力对社会对性骚扰认知的影响
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2016.1143179
Antonio Herrera, M. C. Herrera, Francisca Expósito
Abstract Research has shown that the perception of sexual harassment depends on factors such as gender, the situational context, the type of harassment, the ideology of the perceiver, the physical attractiveness of the harasser and victim and the relationship between them. This study focuses on examining the influence of physical attractiveness in the perception of a situation like sexual harassment. Through a questionnaire, 205 participants read a scenario in which a male worker (attractive vs. unattractive) engaged in gender harassment against a female colleague (attractive vs. unattractive). The participants then answered the measurements on the perception of harassment, responsibility, motivation and ideology. The main results were that the situation was more often perceived as sexual harassment when the victim of the harassment was physically attractive than when she was unattractive. Furthermore, the higher the participants’ acceptance of harassment myths the more they tended to blame the victim. We can conclude from this study the importance of the influence of certain myths or preconceived ideas about sexual harassment, which are found in both men and women, on how these situations are perceived.
研究表明,对性骚扰的感知取决于性别、情境背景、骚扰类型、感知者的意识形态、骚扰者和受害者的身体吸引力以及他们之间的关系等因素。这项研究的重点是检查身体吸引力对性骚扰等情况的感知的影响。通过一份调查问卷,205名参与者阅读了一个场景,在这个场景中,一名男员工(漂亮vs.不漂亮)对一名女同事(漂亮vs.不漂亮)进行了性别骚扰。然后,参与者回答了对骚扰的感知、责任、动机和意识形态的测量。主要结果是,当骚扰的受害者外表有吸引力时,这种情况比当她没有吸引力时更容易被视为性骚扰。此外,参与者对骚扰谣言的接受程度越高,他们就越倾向于责怪受害者。我们可以从这项研究中得出结论,某些关于性骚扰的神话或先入为主的观念对如何看待这些情况的影响是重要的,这些观念在男性和女性中都存在。
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引用次数: 15
Spanish migrants to European Union countries: predictors of psychological adjustment / Españoles que emigran a países de la Unión Europea: predictores de su ajuste psicológico 西班牙移民到欧盟国家:心理调整的预测因素/西班牙移民到欧盟国家:心理调整的预测因素
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2016.1143178
E. Elgorriaga, Izaskun Ibabe, A. Arnoso
Abstract In recent years, the migration of Spanish people to other countries in Europe has increased; however, there are hardly any studies on this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to identify the predictive sociodemographic and psychosocial factors of psychological adjustment (life satisfaction and absence of internalizing symptoms) of emigrants and to determine the indirect effects of these factors through perceived stress. This study also seeks to examine whether the psychological adjustment of Spanish emigrants was similar to Spanish non-emigrants. The sample was made up of a group of Spanish emigrants to Germany and England (n = 858) and an equivalent control group of Spanish non-emigrants (n = 328). The results show that fulfilment of expectations, emotional support and job quality are the best predictors of perceived stress and psychological adjustment. These factors are confirmed to have indirect effects on psychological adjustment through perceived stress. Finally, the mental health of emigrants and non-emigrants was similar, and the implications of these findings are discussed.
近年来,西班牙人向欧洲其他国家的移民有所增加;然而,关于这一现象的研究却很少。本研究的目的是确定移民心理适应(生活满意度和内化症状的缺乏)的预测性社会人口统计学和心理社会因素,并确定这些因素通过感知压力的间接影响。本研究也试图检验西班牙移民的心理适应是否与西班牙非移民相似。样本由一组前往德国和英国的西班牙移民(n = 858)和一组同等数量的西班牙非移民对照组(n = 328)组成。结果表明,期望实现、情感支持和工作质量是感知压力和心理调适的最佳预测因子。这些因素通过感知压力间接影响心理调适。最后,移民和非移民的心理健康状况相似,并讨论了这些发现的意义。
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引用次数: 6
Explaining Offline and Online Civic engagement intentions among Italian and Migrant Youth 解释意大利青年与移民青年的线上与线下公民参与意向
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2016.1143177
E. Cicognani, Cinzia Albanesi, D. Mazzoni, G. Prati, B. Zani
AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the role of some psychosocial factors in explaining offline and online civic engagement intentions in a sample of Italian and second generation migrant (Albanian and Moroccan) adolescents and young adults living in Italy. The theoretical model was an extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour including past experience. The sample included 598 adolescents and young adults (M = 19.32, SD = 3.17). Two hundred were Italian (88 males, 44.0%), 197 migrants of Albanian origin (130 males, 66%) and 201 migrants of Moroccan origin (116 males, 57.7%). Moroccan youth reported higher levels of both past civic engagement and future intentions than Albanian and Italian peers. Perceived effectiveness of civic engagement and past experience are consistently associated with stronger intentions to engage in the future (offline and online) in all groups. Internal efficacy plays a limited role, whereas the role of subjective norms differs according to the group and the sourc...
摘要本研究的目的是评估一些社会心理因素在解释生活在意大利的意大利和第二代移民(阿尔巴尼亚和摩洛哥)青少年和年轻人的离线和在线公民参与意愿中的作用。该理论模型是计划行为理论的扩展版本,包括过去的经验。样本包括598名青少年和年轻人(M = 19.32, SD = 3.17)。200名意大利人(88名男性,44.0%),197名阿尔巴尼亚裔移民(130名男性,66%)和201名摩洛哥裔移民(116名男性,57.7%)。与阿尔巴尼亚和意大利青年相比,摩洛哥青年过去的公民参与和未来的意愿都更高。在所有群体中,公民参与的感知有效性和过去的经验始终与参与未来(离线和在线)的更强意图相关。内部效能的作用是有限的,而主观规范的作用则因群体和来源的不同而不同。
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引用次数: 8
Essentialist beliefs about sexuality-related categories / Creencias esencialistas sobre diferentes categorías relacionadas con la sexualidad 本质主义信仰与性相关的类别/本质主义信仰与性相关的不同类别
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1101311
Elena Delgado-Acosta, Verónica Betancor, Armando Rodríguez-Pérez, Naira Delgado
Abstract People form essentialist beliefs about social categories as a strategy to organize their world and to make sense of the similarities and differences between different categories. This research examines four dimensions of essentialist thinking (biological basis, immutability, clarity of discreteness and informativeness) across different sexuality-related categories. Specifically, the categories of gays, lesbians, transsexuals, paedophiles, rapists and prostitutes were studied. Results show that essentialist beliefs of the six categories vary across dimensions and that essentialist dimensions function independently. Therefore, we discuss the relative usefulness of taking a global measurement as opposed to analysing the dimensions of essentialism separately.
人们形成关于社会类别的本质主义信念是一种组织世界和理解不同类别之间的异同的策略。这项研究考察了本质主义思维的四个维度(生物基础、不变性、离散性的清晰度和信息性),涉及不同的性相关类别。具体来说,研究了男同性恋者、女同性恋者、变性者、恋童癖者、强奸犯和妓女的类别。结果表明,六类本质主义信念在不同维度上存在差异,且本质主义维度独立发挥作用。因此,我们讨论采取全局测量的相对有用性,而不是单独分析本质主义的维度。
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引用次数: 1
Entrepreneurial intention of engineering students and associated influence of contextual factors / Intención emprendedora de los estudiantes de ingeniería e influencia de factores contextuales 工程专业学生的创业意向及情境因素的相关影响/工程专业学生的创业意向及情境因素的影响
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1101314
G. Morales-Alonso, Iciar Pablo-Lerchundi, María-Cristina Núñez-del-Río
Abstract This research explores the incidence of individual and contextual factors on the entrepreneurial intention of engineering students, as they are called to be the founders of new technology-based firms, which are required for the generation of economic growth and employment. A quantitative study comprising 1,004 engineering and architecture students has been conducted, in which both contextual factors (perception of economic-administrative barriers and unemployment rates) and antecedents of entrepreneurial intention from Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour have been examined. Results show that individuals with a high entrepreneurial intention show a favourable attitude towards the behaviour and see themselves capable of undertaking an entrepreneurial behaviour. Perception of social support, although strong, is not such a relevant factor. Regarding contextual factors, these do not discourage individuals with high entrepreneurial intention. Last, the role played by unemployment rates is unclear. Consequently, technical universities and governments, in their social responsibility to foster entrepreneurship in future young professionals, should take these factors into account to promote an encouraging climate for the development of an entrepreneurial spirit.
摘要本研究探讨了个体因素和环境因素对工科学生创业意愿的影响,因为工科学生被称为新技术型企业的创始人,这是产生经济增长和就业所必需的。对1,004名工程和建筑专业学生进行了一项定量研究,其中对背景因素(对经济行政障碍和失业率的看法)和Ajzen计划行为理论中创业意向的前因进行了检查。结果表明,具有高创业意向的个体对创业行为表现出积极的态度,并认为自己有能力从事创业行为。对社会支持的感知虽然很强,但并不是一个如此相关的因素。就环境因素而言,这些因素并不会阻碍具有高创业意愿的个人。最后,失业率所起的作用尚不清楚。因此,技术大学和政府在其培养未来年轻专业人员的创业精神的社会责任中,应该考虑到这些因素,以促进一种鼓励发展创业精神的气氛。
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引用次数: 22
Communication and representation of risk in health crises: the influence of framing and group identity / Comunicación en crisis sanitarias y representación del riesgo. La influencia del framing y la identidad grupal 健康危机风险的沟通和代表:框架和群体认同/沟通在健康危机和风险代表中的影响。框架和群体认同的影响
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1101313
Nahia Idoiaga, Lorena Gil de Montes, J. Valencia
Abstract Based on the Social Representations Theory (SRT) applied to the social construction of risk and the role played by group identities, this study examines the construction of risk created by the mass media in health epidemics. An experimental design with split-ballot questionnaire and 319 participants was used in which message framing (human interest vs. attribution of responsibility) and proximity (high vs. low) were manipulated for a high invulnerability identity (youth) vs. a low invulnerability identity (elderly) population. Results showed that the human interest framing increased the perception of risk, especially when the proximity of the epidemic was high; this effect was explained by people’s emotional response. Furthermore, youth projected the risk towards ‘the other’ in order to protect their invulnerability identity. Finally, we stress the importance of the SRT on a theoretical and applied level for risk communication in health crises.
摘要基于社会表征理论(SRT)对风险的社会建构和群体认同的作用,本研究考察了大众传播媒介在健康流行中的风险建构。采用319名被试的分选问卷设计,对高无坚不摧身份(青年)和低无坚不摧身份(老年人)的信息框架(人类兴趣与责任归因)和接近度(高与低)进行操纵。结果表明,人类利益框架增加了对风险的感知,特别是在疫情高度接近时;这种效应可以用人们的情绪反应来解释。此外,青年将风险投射到“他者”身上,以保护他们坚不可摧的身份。最后,我们强调SRT在理论和应用层面对健康危机风险沟通的重要性。
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引用次数: 14
Does affective forecasting change motivation for disaster preparedness? Motivation one month after a hypothetical earthquake / ¿Influye la predicción afectiva en la motivación para la preparación ante las catástrofes? La motivación un mes después de un terremoto hipotético 情感预测改变是灾难准备的动机吗?假设地震一个月后的动机/情感预测是否影响备灾动机?假设地震一个月后的动机
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1101315
M. Noda
Abstract The present study examined how disaster preparedness would change after people predicted their affective reactions in the event of a major earthquake. In Study 1, participants (N = 255) completed an assessment of disaster preparedness. One week later, participants predicted their thoughts and feelings if a major earthquake were to strike, and then responded to the motivation measure. Study 2 (N = 129) examined the status of participants’ motivation after one month. The results showed that greater motivation was only seen immediately after affective forecasting, and the same level of motivation was not maintained after one month. When people imagine a potential earthquake the expected negative affective reactions are overestimated. Disaster preparedness allows people to mitigate their future negative affective reactions. In order to avoid these affective reactions, affective forecasters had greater motivation for disaster preparedness.
摘要本研究考察了人们在预测自己在大地震事件中的情感反应后,防灾准备会发生怎样的变化。在研究1中,参与者(N = 255)完成了备灾评估。一周后,参与者预测自己在大地震发生时的想法和感受,然后对动机测试做出反应。研究2 (N = 129)考察了一个月后参与者的动机状况。结果表明,只有在情感预测之后才会立即看到更大的动机,并且一个月后也没有保持相同的动机水平。当人们想象潜在的地震时,预期的负面情感反应被高估了。备灾使人们能够减轻他们未来的负面情感反应。为了避免这些情感反应,情感预报员有更大的备灾动机。
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引用次数: 5
Reviewers for 2015 / Evaluadores del año 2015 2015年评审员/ 2015年度评审员
4区 心理学 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Pub Date : 2016-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2016.1136128
L. Acuña, Lara Aknin, Carlos-María Alcover, Cristina Anguiano, Maria Teresa Paletta Crespo, S. D. Lemus, Alejandra Domínguez, Santiago de Compostela, Agustín Echebarría, A. Escartí, Jòrdi Escartin, F. Expósito, N. Extremera, J. M. Falomir, Victòria A. Ferrer, A. Fuertes, Jill A. Jacobson, Miguel Hernández, J. Lopez, Juan Antonio Moriano
Laura Acuña (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Lara Aknin (Simon Fraser University) Carlos Alcover (Universidad Rey Juan Carlos) María Amérigo (Universidad de Barcelona) Elena Andrade (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Patricia Andrade (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Cristina Anguiano (Universitat Rovira i Virgili) Pedro Apodaca (Universidad del País Vasco) Ignacio Aragonés (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Constantino Arce (Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Idaly Barreto (Universidad Católica de Colombia) M. Pilar Berrios-Martos (Universidad de Jaén) Raquel Bertoldo (Aix-Marseille Université) Kevin Blankenship (Iowa State University) Magdalena Bobowik (Universidad del País Vasco) Sofía Buelga (Universitat de València) Antonio Bustillos (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia) Rosa Cabecinhas (Universidad de Minho) Rosario Cabello (Universidad de Huelva) María Paz Cadena (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) Enrique Carbonell (Universitat de València) Ana Carrasco (Universidad de Huelva) Pilar Carrera (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) Pattrick Carroll (Ohio State University) Héctor Carvacho (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) Fernando Chacón (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) Miguel Clemente (Universidade da Coruña) J. Christopher Cohrs (Jacobs University Bremen) María Teresa Crespo (Universidad de Valladolid) Isabel Cuadrado (Universidad de Almería) Soledad de Lemus (Universidad de Granada) Michel Désert (Université Blaise-Pascal) Darío Nuño Díaz (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha) Revista de Psicología Social / International Journal of Social Psychology, 2016 Vol. 31, No. 1, 190–192, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2016.1136128
劳拉Acuña(墨西哥国立自治大学)Carlos Alcover劳拉Aknin (Simon Fraser University) (maria Amérigo胡安·卡洛斯国王大学(巴塞罗那)大学圣地亚哥Elena Andrade(大学)Patricia Andrade(墨西哥国立自治大学)Cristina安吉(Rovira一世Pedro Apodaca Virgili)(巴斯克地区大学康斯坦丁诺伊格纳西奥·阿拉贡(马德里康普鲁坦斯大学)枫(圣地亚哥)Idaly大学Barreto天主教大学(哥伦比亚)m . Berrios-Martos支柱(哈恩大学)瑞秋Bertoldo)凯文·布大学(艾克斯-马赛大学(Iowa State University)马格达莱纳河Bobowik(巴斯克地区大学)索菲亚Buelga(大学瓦尔ència) Antonio Bustillos(国家远程教育大学)玫瑰Cabecinhas (Minho)大学盘头发(maria和平链韦尔瓦大学(Enrique Carbonell(智利天主教大学)大学瓦尔ència Ana Carrasco)(韦尔瓦)支柱职业大学(马德里自治大学)Pattrick Carroll(俄亥俄州立大学)hector Carvacho (Fernando chacon智利天主教大学)(米格尔·克莱门特(马德里康普鲁坦斯大学)大学da拉科鲁尼亚)j . Christopher Cohrs(雅各布斯大学maria Teresa卷曲(不莱梅)的大学)伊莎贝尔广场(阿尔梅里亚)孤独Lemus大学(Michel大学中心(格拉纳达大学)Blaise-Pascal) dario nuno diaz(卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼查大学)Revista de psicologia Social / International Journal of Social Psychology, 2016 Vol. 31, No. 1, 190 - 192, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2016.1136128
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引用次数: 0
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Revista De Psicologia Social
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