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From interpersonal to extended fusion: relationships between fusion with siblings and fusion with the country / Desde la fusión interpersonal a la fusión extendida: Relaciones entre la fusión con los hermanos y la fusión con el país 从人际关系到扩展融合:与同胞融合和与国家融合之间的关系/从人际融合到扩展融合:与兄弟融合和与国家融合之间的关系
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1093755
A. Vázquez, Ángel Gómez, J. Ordoñana, Borja Paredes
Abstract Identity fusion is a visceral feeling of oneness with a group. Although research on identity fusion focuses on the alignment of individuals with groups, we propose that fusion can develop between two individuals. In particular, we explore for the first time identity fusion between siblings and its relation with endorsement of extreme behaviour to protect the sibling. In a study conducted with 761 couples of siblings we found that fusion with the sibling is positively associated with willingness to fight and die for the sibling. Additionally, we address the relation between interpersonal and extended fusion. Specifically, a positive association between fusion with the sibling and fusion with the country emerged. The hypothesis that extended fusion might require the projection of interpersonal ties to a large category is discussed.
身份融合是一种与群体融为一体的本能感觉。虽然身份融合的研究主要集中在个体与群体的一致性上,但我们认为融合可以在两个个体之间发展。特别是,我们首次探讨了兄弟姐妹之间的身份融合及其与支持极端行为以保护兄弟姐妹的关系。在一项对761对兄弟姐妹进行的研究中,我们发现与兄弟姐妹的融合与为兄弟姐妹战斗和牺牲的意愿呈正相关。此外,我们还讨论了人际融合和扩展融合之间的关系。具体来说,与兄弟姐妹的融合与与国家的融合之间出现了积极的联系。讨论了扩展融合可能需要将人际关系投射到一个大范畴的假设。
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引用次数: 16
Identity and the developmental origins of fusion: an exploratory approach / La identidad y los orígenes de la fusión en el desarrollo: un enfoque exploratorio 融合的身份和发展起源:一种探索性的方法/发展中的融合的身份和起源:一种探索性的方法
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1065088
Elena Gaviria, C. Ferreira, Mercedes Martínez, H. Whitehouse
Abstract Identity fusion involves a visceral feeling of oneness with a group, despite personal and social selves remaining differentiated. Previous research on identity fusion has focused on samples of adults and adolescents. The present studies aim at exploring how and when identity fusion develops in childhood. Our first goal was to find out to what extent personal and social identities must be developed for fusion to become possible. We conducted two exploratory studies where school-age children (six to 12 years old) participated in either focus group sessions or individual interviews. Our results show that although children are able to feel strongly connected with a group and express willingness to make significant personal sacrifices for the group, they fail to show fusion as it is found in adults, since their personal identity is not fully developed yet. Instead, these findings suggest the existence of a prior feeling that we called ‘protofusion’, the core of which is the strength of the relational ties with the members of the group.
尽管个人和社会自我仍然存在差异,但身份融合涉及与群体的内在合一感。先前对身份融合的研究主要集中在成人和青少年的样本上。本研究旨在探讨身份融合在儿童时期是如何以及何时发展的。我们的第一个目标是找出个人和社会身份必须发展到什么程度才能使融合成为可能。我们进行了两项探索性研究,其中学龄儿童(6至12岁)参加了焦点小组会议或个人访谈。我们的研究结果表明,尽管儿童能够感受到与群体的强烈联系,并表达出愿意为群体做出重大个人牺牲的意愿,但他们无法像成年人那样表现出融合,因为他们的个人身份尚未完全发展。相反,这些发现表明存在一种我们称之为“原始融合”的先验感觉,其核心是与群体成员之间关系的强度。
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引用次数: 9
The power of ‘feeling one’ with a group: identity fusion and extreme pro-group behaviours / El poder de ‘sentirse uno’ con un grupo: fusión de la identidad y conductas progrupales extremas 与群体“感觉一”的力量:身份融合和极端亲群体行为/与群体“感觉一”的力量:身份融合和极端进步行为
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1065089
Ángel Gómez, A. Vázquez
Abstract Why do some people make extreme sacrifices for their group? We propose that the identity fusion theory helps to understand extreme pro-group behaviour. Identity fusion entails a visceral feeling of oneness with the group. Since the borders between the personal and social self are highly permeable for fused persons, they care about the outcomes of the group as much as their own outcomes. In this article we start by introducing what identity fusion is and the four principles that conceptually capture its essence. After presenting the three alternative methods for measuring identity fusion, we review empirical evidence demonstrating what identity fusion predicts, and the underlying mechanisms that moderate and mediate its consequences. The next sections focus on the possible causes of identity fusion, and we introduce suggestions for diminishing undesirable extreme behaviours by decreasing fusion (i.e., ‘de-fusion’). In a final section, we briefly discuss alternative theories of the causes of extreme behaviours and their relation to identity fusion theory.
为什么有些人会为他们的群体做出极端的牺牲?我们认为认同融合理论有助于理解极端亲群体行为。身份融合需要一种与群体融为一体的本能感觉。因为对于融合的人来说,个人自我和社会自我之间的界限是高度渗透的,他们关心群体的结果就像关心自己的结果一样。在本文中,我们首先介绍身份融合是什么,以及从概念上捕捉其本质的四个原则。在介绍了测量身份融合的三种替代方法之后,我们回顾了证明身份融合预测的经验证据,以及调节和调解其后果的潜在机制。下一节将重点讨论身份融合的可能原因,并介绍通过减少融合(即“去融合”)来减少不良极端行为的建议。在最后一节,我们简要地讨论了极端行为的原因及其与身份融合理论的关系的替代理论。
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引用次数: 46
To belong or not to belong: some self-conceptual and behavioural consequences of identity uncertainty / Pertenecer o no pertenecer: algunas consecuencias de la incertidumbre identitaria en el autoconcepto y en el comportamiento 属于或不属于:身份不确定性的一些自我概念和行为后果/归属或不归属:身份不确定性对自我概念和行为的一些后果
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1065090
Michael A. Hogg
Abstract How does identity uncertainty affect the extent and way in which people identify with and define themselves in terms of prototypical group attributes? According to uncertainty-identity theory feelings of uncertainty about oneself and one’s identity are a powerful motive for identifying with and defining oneself in terms of a social group, particularly one that is a distinctive and clearly defined entity that furnishes a consensual group prototype. In this article I overview uncertainty-identity theory and some of its key findings, with a particular focus on how uncertainty-identity processes can produce extremism — zealous identification with and attachment to autocratically led, normatively homogeneous groups that are pronouncedly ethnocentric and intolerant of dissent. I also explore uncertainty-identity contexts in which groups may break apart and where people may be reticent about identifying with highly entitative groups — a discussion of marginalization, exclusion and schism.
身份不确定性如何影响人们在原型群体属性方面认同和定义自己的程度和方式?根据不确定性认同理论,对自己和身份的不确定感是在社会群体中认同和定义自己的强大动机,尤其是在一个独特而明确定义的实体中,它提供了一个共识的群体原型。在这篇文章中,我概述了不确定性认同理论及其一些关键发现,特别关注不确定性认同过程如何产生极端主义——对专制领导的、规范的同质群体的狂热认同和依恋,这些群体明显以种族为中心,不容忍异议。我还探讨了不确定性——身份背景,在这种背景下,群体可能会分裂,人们可能会对认同高度实体化的群体保持沉默——讨论边缘化、排斥和分裂。
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引用次数: 23
Political extremism, group membership and personality traits: who accepts violence? / Extremismo político, pertenencia al grupo y rasgos de personalidad: ¿Quién acepta la violencia? 政治极端主义、群体成员和人格特征:谁接受暴力?/政治极端主义、群体成员和个性特征:谁接受暴力?
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1065085
Tomasz Besta, Marcin Szulc, Michał Jaśkiewicz
Abstract Identity fusion theory proposed that fused individuals have a visceral feeling of oneness with the group and this leads them to engage in radical, violent pro-group behaviours. Other approaches to group extremism link acceptance of violence to right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO). We extended previous research on fusion in three ways. First, by exploring if identity fusion is a significant predictor of the willingness to fight for a group, when controlling for group identification, left-wing authoritarianism (LWA), RWA and SDO. Secondly, we controlled for a membership in a group known for radical action directed at out-groups, namely football hooligans. Finally, we added a second outcome variable, which is the acceptance of violent change of the current social system. The participants were self-described football hooligans (N = 24) and undergraduate students (N = 155). Regression analyses revealed that the strongest predictor of willingness to defend in-group was identity fusion, with RWA and group identification significant as well. RWA and LWA emerged as the strongest predictors of acceptance of violent change. The effect of group membership wasn’t significant.
身份融合理论认为,融合后的个体有一种与群体融为一体的本能感觉,这导致他们做出激进、暴力的亲群体行为。其他研究群体极端主义的方法将接受暴力与右翼威权主义(RWA)和社会支配倾向(SDO)联系起来。我们从三个方面扩展了先前的核聚变研究。首先,在控制群体认同、左翼威权主义(LWA)、左翼威权主义(RWA)和SDO的情况下,探讨身份融合是否为群体斗争意愿的显著预测因子。其次,我们控制了一个以针对外部群体的激进行动而闻名的群体的成员,即足球流氓。最后,我们增加了第二个结果变量,即对当前社会制度的暴力变革的接受程度。参与者分别是自称足球流氓(N = 24)和大学生(N = 155)。回归分析显示,身份融合是群体内防卫意愿的最强预测因子,RWA和群体认同也具有显著性。RWA和LWA是对暴力变化的接受程度最强的预测指标。群体成员的影响不显著。
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引用次数: 22
Measuring warmth and competence at inter-group, interpersonal and individual levels / Medición de la cordialidad y la competencia en los niveles intergrupal, interindividual e individual 在群体间、人际和个人水平上测量温暖和能力/在群体间、人际和个人水平上测量热诚和能力
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1065084
J. Aragonés, L. Poggio, Verónica Sevillano, R. Pérez-López, M. Sánchez-Bernardos
Abstract Warmth and competence are universal dimensions of social perception that articulate the perception of other individuals and social groups. However, there are no scales that have systematically been used in psychosocial research. The purpose of this study is to construct two scales, one on warmth and another on competence, which could be used at the inter-group, interpersonal and individual levels. To accomplish this, we performed two studies. In Study I (N = 578 students and N = 540 general population), we tested the scales at the intergroup level (immigrant groups and Spaniards), the interpersonal level (people close to the participants) and the individual level (the participants themselves). In Study 2 (N = 184 students), the two scales were tested at an interpersonal level by evaluating 16 public figures. The results of both studies show that both the warmth scale (kind, pleasant, friendly, warm) and the competence scale (competent, effective, skilled, intelligent) achieved a high degree of reliability when reflecting the perception of groups, individuals and oneself.
温暖和能力是社会感知的普遍维度,表达了对其他个人和社会群体的感知。然而,目前还没有在社会心理研究中系统使用的量表。本研究的目的是构建温暖度量表和胜任力量表,分别用于群体间、人际关系和个人层面。为了做到这一点,我们进行了两项研究。在研究I (N = 578名学生和N = 540名一般人群)中,我们在群体间水平(移民群体和西班牙人)、人际水平(与参与者亲近的人)和个人水平(参与者自己)测试了量表。在研究2 (N = 184名学生)中,通过对16位公众人物的评估,在人际关系水平上对这两个量表进行了测试。两项研究的结果都表明,温暖量表(善良、愉快、友好、温暖)和能力量表(胜任、有效、熟练、聪明)在反映群体、个人和自己的感知时都达到了很高的可靠性。
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引用次数: 14
Validating a primed identity leads to expectations of group-relevant outcomes / La validación de una identidad previamente primada facilita que se anticipen respuestas de discriminación 验证一个primed身份导致对群体相关结果的预期/验证一个先前primed身份有助于预期歧视反应
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2015.1065086
Pablo Briñol, Kenneth G. DeMarree, R. Petty
Abstract We argue that a person’s identity can be changed by seemingly irrelevant primes to the point where one expects to be treated as a member of an activated social group. We further argue that primes should only influence the self to the extent that they are seen as valid. We experimentally manipulated conditions that foster perceptions of prime validity using a head movement induction. Previous research has linked head nodding to higher levels of confidence than head shaking. Participants primed with the African American stereotype (versus control) expected more future discrimination, but only if they were nodding their heads. Results are discussed with respect to research on priming and validation processes.
摘要我们认为,一个人的身份可以被看似无关的启动改变到一个人期望被视为一个活跃的社会群体的成员。我们进一步认为,启动应该只在它们被视为有效的程度上影响自我。我们实验操纵条件,促进知觉的启动效度使用头部运动诱导。之前的研究表明,点头比摇头更有自信。被灌输非裔美国人刻板印象的参与者(与对照组相比)预计未来会受到更多歧视,但前提是他们点头。讨论了关于启动和验证过程的研究结果。
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引用次数: 10
Ambivalent sexism and egalitarian ideology in perception of psychological abuse and (in)vulnerability to violence / Sexismo ambivalente e ideología igualitaria en la percepción del maltrato psicológico y la (in)vulnerabilidad a la violencia 心理虐待感知中的矛盾性别歧视和平等主义意识形态与暴力脆弱性/心理虐待感知中的矛盾性别歧视和平等主义意识形态与暴力脆弱性
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2014.991519
Ana-Luisa Marques-Fagundes, Jesús L. Megías, Daniel Garcia-Garcia, Katerina Petkanopoulou
Abstract Psychological violence against women in intimate relations is one of the most widespread and hidden ways of limiting their human rights. Nowadays different ideologies, including sexism and feminism, can contribute to (dis)regard this phenomenon. This study focuses on the relationship between ambivalent sexism (in its hostile and benevolent dimensions) and feminism (in the egalitarian ideology dimension) with the identification of psychological violence and the perception of invulnerability to the intimate partner violence in women. The mediator role of the myths about gender-based violence in these relationships is analysed. Participants were 91 women, with heterogeneous socio-demographic characteristics. Results showed benevolent sexism as a risk factor and egalitarian feminism ideology as a protector factor in the process of the perception of psychological violence. The egalitarian feminism ideology also appears as the main predictor of the perception of invulnerability to abuse. This relationship is mediated by the degree of adhesion to the myths about gender-based violence. These findings reinforce the importance of the attitudinal and ideological factors in the perception of gender-based violence.
在亲密关系中对妇女的心理暴力是限制其人权的最普遍和最隐蔽的方式之一。如今,不同的意识形态,包括性别歧视和女权主义,都可能导致(或忽视)这一现象。本研究主要关注矛盾性别歧视(敌意和仁慈维度)和女权主义(平等主义意识形态维度)与女性心理暴力的识别和对亲密伴侣暴力的无懈可击的感知之间的关系。本文分析了性别暴力神话在这些关系中的中介作用。参与者为91名女性,具有不同的社会人口统计学特征。结果表明,善意的性别歧视是心理暴力感知过程中的风险因素,平等主义的女性主义思想是心理暴力感知过程中的保护因素。平等主义的女权主义意识形态也似乎是对虐待坚不可摧的看法的主要预测因素。这种关系是由对基于性别的暴力的迷信程度所调节的。这些调查结果加强了态度和意识形态因素在对基于性别的暴力的看法中的重要性。
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引用次数: 11
Coming out strategies of lesbians and gays at work / Estrategias de coming out de personas lesbianas y gays en el trabajo 工作中的女同性恋出柜策略/工作中的女同性恋出柜策略
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2014.987503
Donatella Di Marco, A. Arenas, Lourdes Munduate, Helge Hoel
Abstract In recent years there has been a great deal of social and legislative progress in the struggle against discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. However, the coming out process in the workplace is still a crucial aspect in the lives of many lesbians and gays (LG). This study sets out to analyse the different strategies that Spanish LG adopt when revealing their sexual orientation at work by identifying the factors that facilitate or hinder this process. It also analyses the personal and organizational consequences of the strategies used in the coming out process. The study was carried out through in-depth interviews with 15 LG. Results show that the coming out strategies vary and are affected by different factors (e.g., characteristics of the colleagues, sector, etc.). Moreover, it confirmed that the coming out process (or its absence) can have consequences at different levels (e.g., relationships with colleagues, perception of organizational injustice, etc.).
近年来,在反对基于性取向的歧视的斗争中,社会和立法取得了很大进展。然而,在工作场所出柜的过程仍然是许多男女同性恋者生活的一个重要方面。本研究通过确定促进或阻碍这一过程的因素,分析了西班牙LG在工作中揭示性取向时采用的不同策略。它还分析了出柜过程中使用的策略对个人和组织的影响。该研究是通过对15家LG的深度访谈进行的。结果表明,企业员工的出柜策略存在差异,受不同因素(如同事特征、行业等)的影响。此外,它证实了出柜过程(或不出柜)可以在不同层面产生影响(例如,与同事的关系,对组织不公正的看法等)。
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引用次数: 9
The moderating effect of personal values in the relationship between working conditions and wellbeing / El efecto moderador de los valores personales en la relación entre condiciones de trabajo y bienestar 个人价值观对工作条件与幸福关系的调节效应/个人价值观对工作条件与幸福关系的调节效应
4区 心理学 Q2 Psychology Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/02134748.2014.987505
Tatiane Paschoal, J. Álvaro, Juliana Barreiros-Porto
Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact that the opportunities to realize personal values at work have on wellbeing. More specifically, we tried to test the moderating effect of personal values on the relationship between opportunities for fulfilment and wellbeing. A sample of 403 civil servants from a public institution in Brazil answered a questionnaire that included measures for each of the variables studied. The results from hierarchical regression showed that there were no significant interactions between opportunities to realize personal values at work and personal value priorities in the prediction of wellbeing at work. The mere presence of opportunities to realize values that express individual interests is enough to increase wellbeing. Likewise, the results converge with those of other previous studies on the importance of working conditions in predicting wellbeing. On the other hand, this study included variables that up to now have not been used in the field of wellbeing at work, especially in relation to its eudaimonic and hedonic elements.
摘要本研究的主要目的是评估在工作中实现个人价值的机会对幸福感的影响。更具体地说,我们试图测试个人价值观对实现机会和幸福之间关系的调节作用。来自巴西一家公共机构的403名公务员回答了一份问卷,其中包括对所研究的每个变量的测量。层次回归结果显示,在工作幸福感预测中,实现个人价值的机会与个人价值优先级之间不存在显著的交互作用。仅仅存在实现表达个人利益的价值的机会就足以增加幸福感。同样,这些结果与之前其他关于工作条件在预测幸福感方面的重要性的研究结果一致。另一方面,这项研究包含了迄今为止尚未在工作幸福感领域使用的变量,特别是与它的幸福和享乐元素有关的变量。
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引用次数: 7
期刊
Revista De Psicologia Social
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