The review focuses on the most promising methods for classifying EEG signals for non-invasive BCIs and theoretical approaches for the successful classification of EEG patterns. The paper provides an overview of articles using Riemannian geometry, deep learning methods and various options for preprocessing and "clustering" EEG signals, for example, common-spatial pattern (CSP). Among other approaches, pre-processing of EEG signals using CSP is often used, both offline and online. The combination of CSP, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine and neural network (BPNN) made it possible to achieve 91% accuracy for binary classification with exoskeleton control as a feedback. There is very little work on the use of Riemannian geometry online and the best accuracy achieved so far for a binary classification problem is 69.3% in the work. At the same time, in offline testing, the average percentage of correct classification in the considered articles for approaches with CSP – 77.5 ± 5.8%, deep learning networks – 81.7 ± 4.7%, Riemannian geometry – 90.2 ± 6.6%. Due to nonlinear transformations, Riemannian geometry-based approaches and complex deep neural networks provide higher accuracy and better extract of useful information from raw EEG recordings rather than linear CSP transformation. However, in real-time setup, not only accuracy is important, but also a minimum time delay. Therefore, approaches using the CSP transformation and Riemannian geometry with a time delay of less than 500 ms may be in the future advantage.
{"title":"Classification Methods for EEG Patterns of Imaginary Movements","authors":"Nikolai Kapralov, Zh. V. Nagornova, N. Shemyakina","doi":"10.15622/IA.2021.20.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15622/IA.2021.20.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The review focuses on the most promising methods for classifying EEG signals for non-invasive BCIs and theoretical approaches for the successful classification of EEG patterns. The paper provides an overview of articles using Riemannian geometry, deep learning methods and various options for preprocessing and \"clustering\" EEG signals, for example, common-spatial pattern (CSP). Among other approaches, pre-processing of EEG signals using CSP is often used, both offline and online. The combination of CSP, linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine and neural network (BPNN) made it possible to achieve 91% accuracy for binary classification with exoskeleton control as a feedback. There is very little work on the use of Riemannian geometry online and the best accuracy achieved so far for a binary classification problem is 69.3% in the work. At the same time, in offline testing, the average percentage of correct classification in the considered articles for approaches with CSP – 77.5 ± 5.8%, deep learning networks – 81.7 ± 4.7%, Riemannian geometry – 90.2 ± 6.6%. Due to nonlinear transformations, Riemannian geometry-based approaches and complex deep neural networks provide higher accuracy and better extract of useful information from raw EEG recordings rather than linear CSP transformation. However, in real-time setup, not only accuracy is important, but also a minimum time delay. Therefore, approaches using the CSP transformation and Riemannian geometry with a time delay of less than 500 ms may be in the future advantage.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"20 1","pages":"94-132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45344616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Poveda G., Pablo Bonilla V., Joseth Rivera Q., Javier Rodrigo SANTAMARÍA AGUIRRE, Lenin Javier RON GARRIDO, Pamela Mishell MOSQUERA CARRERA
En el presente trabajo se estandarizó una metodología para la activación y producción de superficies silanizadas de naturaleza hidrofóbica. La metodología fue realizada mediante la activación de grupos OH de superficies de vidrio eliminando la materia inorgánica con etanol y la materia orgánica por reacciones de oxidación, mediante la construcción de una cámara de UV/ozono con dos longitudes de onda diferentes (253,7 nm y 180 nm). Se realizó la silanización de las superficies de vidrio activadas exponiéndolas con el reactivo (7-octen-1-il) trimetoxisilano/n-heptano a diferentes tiempos. La hidrofobicidad obtenida en las superficies silanizadas se determinó midiendo el ángulo de contacto (q). Los resultados permitieron concluir que existe influencia del tiempo de exposición en la formación de superficies hidrofóbicas. Se obtuvieron ángulos de contacto de 92,417° ± 0,631, tras 7 h de exposición seguidas de un proceso de limpieza de las superficies.
{"title":"ACTIVACIÓN Y PRODUCCIÓN DE SUPERFICIES SILANIZADAS","authors":"Ana Poveda G., Pablo Bonilla V., Joseth Rivera Q., Javier Rodrigo SANTAMARÍA AGUIRRE, Lenin Javier RON GARRIDO, Pamela Mishell MOSQUERA CARRERA","doi":"10.26807/IA.V9I1.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26807/IA.V9I1.172","url":null,"abstract":"En el presente trabajo se estandarizó una metodología para la activación y producción de superficies silanizadas de naturaleza hidrofóbica. La metodología fue realizada mediante la activación de grupos OH de superficies de vidrio eliminando la materia inorgánica con etanol y la materia orgánica por reacciones de oxidación, mediante la construcción de una cámara de UV/ozono con dos longitudes de onda diferentes (253,7 nm y 180 nm). Se realizó la silanización de las superficies de vidrio activadas exponiéndolas con el reactivo (7-octen-1-il) trimetoxisilano/n-heptano a diferentes tiempos. La hidrofobicidad obtenida en las superficies silanizadas se determinó midiendo el ángulo de contacto (q). Los resultados permitieron concluir que existe influencia del tiempo de exposición en la formación de superficies hidrofóbicas. Se obtuvieron ángulos de contacto de 92,417° ± 0,631, tras 7 h de exposición seguidas de un proceso de limpieza de las superficies. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"9 1","pages":"89-101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44128352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Herrera P., José Cantos C., Kevin Muñoz S., Jovan Durán A., Julio Vinueza G., Fernanda Kolenyak dos Santos
The present study aims to validate an analytical method by UV spectrophotometric for the quantification of gemfibrozil incorporated into microemulsions. Experimental development by constructing a ternary phase diagram for the identification of microemulsions. The characterization of the microemulsions was carried out by the polarized light microscopy technique. The analytical method was validated according to the parameters described by the United State Pharmacopeia (USP) 39 NF34 and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) (2005), which evaluated linearity, robustness, intra and inter day accuracy, specificity accuracy, limits of detection and quantification. The developed method demonstrated linearity with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9898, in addition to precision, accuracy and robustness for each of the tests with values that presented a coefficient of variation of less than 5 %. The results obtained were favorable, since they comply with the parameters stipulated by USP 39-NF34 (2016) and ICH (2005), indicating that the method is effective for the intended purpose.
{"title":"VALIDATION OF ANALYTICAL METHOD BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION OF GEMFIBROZIL INCORPORATED IN THE MICROEMULSIONS","authors":"M. Herrera P., José Cantos C., Kevin Muñoz S., Jovan Durán A., Julio Vinueza G., Fernanda Kolenyak dos Santos","doi":"10.26807/IA.V9I1.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26807/IA.V9I1.195","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to validate an analytical method by UV spectrophotometric for the quantification of gemfibrozil incorporated into microemulsions. Experimental development by constructing a ternary phase diagram for the identification of microemulsions. The characterization of the microemulsions was carried out by the polarized light microscopy technique. The analytical method was validated according to the parameters described by the United State Pharmacopeia (USP) 39 NF34 and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) (2005), which evaluated linearity, robustness, intra and inter day accuracy, specificity accuracy, limits of detection and quantification. The developed method demonstrated linearity with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9898, in addition to precision, accuracy and robustness for each of the tests with values that presented a coefficient of variation of less than 5 %. The results obtained were favorable, since they comply with the parameters stipulated by USP 39-NF34 (2016) and ICH (2005), indicating that the method is effective for the intended purpose.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"9 1","pages":"137-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49508322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper proposes a method of copyright protection for vector maps, based on the embedding of raster digital watermarks. The method combines original ideas, namely, a vector data watermarking approach that does not distort the coordinate information of vector objects and embedding of noise-like images that encode a binary sequence. The use of noise-like carrier allows to simplify the verification procedure, and also to ensure the resistance of the hidden bit sequence to distortions, including interpolation errors. In comparison with previous investigations made by the authors when solving problems of vector data protection, the robustness of the embedded noise-like digital watermarks has been significantly increased by developing a new algorithm for detection of the binary sequence hidden in the spectrum of a noise-like image. The purpose of the experimental studies was to assess the attainable probability of correct sequence extraction for various parameters and embedding conditions. The study of information capacity showed that the potential amount of information embedded in each polygon without distorting the watermark sequence depends on the type of a map, namely on the number of vertices that make up each polygon. An experimental study on robustness against potentially possible transformations aimed at maliciously deleting the digital watermark from the vector map is performed. The developed method demonstrates resistance to affine transformations, cropping, addition, removal and reordering of vertices / objects, and, thus, seems to be the optimal solution to the problem of copyright protection for vector data. The analysis of the method quality according to the criteria of accuracy, durability, information capacity, and computational complexity is performed. The results of all conducted studies confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed method for vector map protection, as well as its distinct advantage over the prior art.
{"title":"Method for Protection of Copyright on Vector Data","authors":"Y. Vybornova, V. Sergeev","doi":"10.15622/ia.2021.20.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15622/ia.2021.20.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper proposes a method of copyright protection for vector maps, based on the embedding of raster digital watermarks. The method combines original ideas, namely, a vector data watermarking approach that does not distort the coordinate information of vector objects and embedding of noise-like images that encode a binary sequence. The use of noise-like carrier allows to simplify the verification procedure, and also to ensure the resistance of the hidden bit sequence to distortions, including interpolation errors. In comparison with previous investigations made by the authors when solving problems of vector data protection, the robustness of the embedded noise-like digital watermarks has been significantly increased by developing a new algorithm for detection of the binary sequence hidden in the spectrum of a noise-like image. The purpose of the experimental studies was to assess the attainable probability of correct sequence extraction for various parameters and embedding conditions. The study of information capacity showed that the potential amount of information embedded in each polygon without distorting the watermark sequence depends on the type of a map, namely on the number of vertices that make up each polygon. An experimental study on robustness against potentially possible transformations aimed at maliciously deleting the digital watermark from the vector map is performed. The developed method demonstrates resistance to affine transformations, cropping, addition, removal and reordering of vertices / objects, and, thus, seems to be the optimal solution to the problem of copyright protection for vector data. The analysis of the method quality according to the criteria of accuracy, durability, information capacity, and computational complexity is performed. The results of all conducted studies confirm the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed method for vector map protection, as well as its distinct advantage over the prior art.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67104527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rosivaldo Pereira de Almeida, Sandra Valéria Limonta Rosa
The article presents the synthesis of a research that aimed to understand and critically analyze the process of entrepreneurship of public education in the state of Goias. Through bibliographical research and documentary analysis based on the theoretical-methodological framework of dialectical historical materialism, we analyzed the main programs implemented by the State Department of Education, Culture and Sports that materialized the “Pact for Education”, a set of reforms proposed by this secretariat in 2011. The results of the research point to the creation of new forms of control and conformation of teaching work to certain political and pedagogical conceptions, whose genesis are in the neoliberal educational agenda propagated mainly by the World Bank.
{"title":"ARMADILHAS NO LABIRINTO: A CONFORMAÇÃO POLÍTICO-PEDAGÓGICA À AGENDA EDUCACIONAL NEOLIBERAL E SEU IMPACTO NO TRABALHO DOCENTE","authors":"Rosivaldo Pereira de Almeida, Sandra Valéria Limonta Rosa","doi":"10.5216/IA.V45I3.61788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/IA.V45I3.61788","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the synthesis of a research that aimed to understand and critically analyze the process of entrepreneurship of public education in the state of Goias. Through bibliographical research and documentary analysis based on the theoretical-methodological framework of dialectical historical materialism, we analyzed the main programs implemented by the State Department of Education, Culture and Sports that materialized the “Pact for Education”, a set of reforms proposed by this secretariat in 2011. The results of the research point to the creation of new forms of control and conformation of teaching work to certain political and pedagogical conceptions, whose genesis are in the neoliberal educational agenda propagated mainly by the World Bank.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"45 1","pages":"1017-1029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48216169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subject. The article discusses the impact of the control principle on the existing consolidated financial reporting concept. Objectives. I evaluate possible alterations in the consolidation methodology as a result of the anomaly of the control principle. Methods. The study is based on the method of analogy for scientific hypothesizing. The study methodologically relies upon Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift theory and the impact of anomalies on methodological principles of normal science. The study combines the analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and the method of comparison when analyzing the existing control criteria and identifying anomalies of the control principles as part of the consolidated financial reporting concept, and examining how the anomaly influences the consolidation methodology. Results. I discovered that the control principle in the consolidated financial reporting concept influences the consolidation methodology. I suggest using my own methodological approach to preparing consolidated financial statements in case of the non-equity control the parent company holds over its subsidiary. Conclusions and Relevance. The control principle in the consolidated financial reporting concept has not been formalized, thus causing anomalies affecting methodological principles of consolidated financial reporting. The non-equity control of the parent company over its subsidiary is a case in point. This control induces unavoidable changes in the consolidation methodology. The findings can be used to prepare consolidated financial statements in case of the non-equity control of the parent company over its subsidiary.
{"title":"Anomalies of the control principle as part of the consolidated financial reporting concept","authors":"S. Kolchugin","doi":"10.24891/IA.24.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24891/IA.24.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Subject. The article discusses the impact of the control principle on the existing consolidated financial reporting concept.\u0000Objectives. I evaluate possible alterations in the consolidation methodology as a result of the anomaly of the control principle.\u0000Methods. The study is based on the method of analogy for scientific hypothesizing. The study methodologically relies upon Thomas Kuhn's paradigm shift theory and the impact of anomalies on methodological principles of normal science. The study combines the analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, and the method of comparison when analyzing the existing control criteria and identifying anomalies of the control principles as part of the consolidated financial reporting concept, and examining how the anomaly influences the consolidation methodology.\u0000Results. I discovered that the control principle in the consolidated financial reporting concept influences the consolidation methodology. I suggest using my own methodological approach to preparing consolidated financial statements in case of the non-equity control the parent company holds over its subsidiary.\u0000Conclusions and Relevance. The control principle in the consolidated financial reporting concept has not been formalized, thus causing anomalies affecting methodological principles of consolidated financial reporting. The non-equity control of the parent company over its subsidiary is a case in point. This control induces unavoidable changes in the consolidation methodology. The findings can be used to prepare consolidated financial statements in case of the non-equity control of the parent company over its subsidiary.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"22 1","pages":"24-47"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42765832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Lisovskaya, Natal'ya G. Natal'ya G. TRAPEZNIKOVA
Subject. As stipulated in Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 – Inventories, which is to enter into effect in 2021 and apply to respective financial statements, inventories are now accounted for in a different way. Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 introduces new clauses and provides for some requirements concerning the use of discounted estimates and recognition of impairment of inventories. Therefore, we study the clauses and display how they should be implemented. Objectives. We herein analyze clauses of Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 – Inventories, which may be construed ambiguously. We also provide our suggestions on the reasonable use of novelties introduced by the standard. Methods. The study is based on the systems analysis and logic generalization of legislative and regulatory documents and special literature on the respective issues. Results. Our examples demonstrate how the acquisition of inventories should be recognized in case of the long-term deferral of payment and valuation of inventories upon their recognition. Conclusions and Relevance. The adoption of Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 dictates for amending corporate accounting policies and preliminary work to revisit some aspects of inventories accounting. Hence, it is reasonable to give methodological clarifications on some complicated practical issues. The findings are intended for scientific and practical activities, training of experts in accounting and financial management. They also may help make suggestions on the improvement of the Russian accounting technique for the convergence with the contemporary international practice.
{"title":"Practical aspects of applying the new accounting treatment of inventories","authors":"I. Lisovskaya, Natal'ya G. Natal'ya G. TRAPEZNIKOVA","doi":"10.24891/IA.24.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24891/IA.24.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Subject. As stipulated in Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 – Inventories, which is to enter into effect in 2021 and apply to respective financial statements, inventories are now accounted for in a different way. Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 introduces new clauses and provides for some requirements concerning the use of discounted estimates and recognition of impairment of inventories. Therefore, we study the clauses and display how they should be implemented. Objectives. We herein analyze clauses of Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 – Inventories, which may be construed ambiguously. We also provide our suggestions on the reasonable use of novelties introduced by the standard. Methods. The study is based on the systems analysis and logic generalization of legislative and regulatory documents and special literature on the respective issues. Results. Our examples demonstrate how the acquisition of inventories should be recognized in case of the long-term deferral of payment and valuation of inventories upon their recognition. Conclusions and Relevance. The adoption of Federal Accounting Standard 5/2019 dictates for amending corporate accounting policies and preliminary work to revisit some aspects of inventories accounting. Hence, it is reasonable to give methodological clarifications on some complicated practical issues. The findings are intended for scientific and practical activities, training of experts in accounting and financial management. They also may help make suggestions on the improvement of the Russian accounting technique for the convergence with the contemporary international practice.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"22 1","pages":"4-23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69116493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This text is based on a master's research, and seeks to analyze how pedagogical practices in science happen in a field school, and how they contemplate the curricular orientations of field education. A qualitative research methodology was used, with semi-structured questionnaires, observation and documentary analysis; the subjects were educators of a state school in Mirassol D'Oeste-MT. The results indicate: turnover of educators; curriculum with few elements of field education; lack of familiarity with the theory of field education, and difficulty in performing a pedagogical practice that values the knowledge and reality of students in the field, collective work and agroecology. It is important to ensure better working conditions for educators, and invest in continuing education, in order to deepen knowledge about the education of the field, and resignify pedagogical practices.
{"title":"PRÁTICAS PEDAGÓGICAS EM CIÊNCIAS EM UMA ESCOLA DO CAMPO","authors":"Valdenir de Souza Coutinho, Ilma Ferreira Machado","doi":"10.5216/IA.V45I3.64627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/IA.V45I3.64627","url":null,"abstract":"This text is based on a master's research, and seeks to analyze how pedagogical practices in science happen in a field school, and how they contemplate the curricular orientations of field education. A qualitative research methodology was used, with semi-structured questionnaires, observation and documentary analysis; the subjects were educators of a state school in Mirassol D'Oeste-MT. The results indicate: turnover of educators; curriculum with few elements of field education; lack of familiarity with the theory of field education, and difficulty in performing a pedagogical practice that values the knowledge and reality of students in the field, collective work and agroecology. It is important to ensure better working conditions for educators, and invest in continuing education, in order to deepen knowledge about the education of the field, and resignify pedagogical practices.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"45 1","pages":"1002-1016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46193582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article will present some perceptions of teachers about the teaching of English with regard to teacher´s training, working conditions and, pedagogical resources available to them. It is a qualitative study. Questionnaires were answered by the English teachers of the city and an interview with four of these teachers was made. From the analysis it was possible to understand that there is an absence of specific continuous qualification for English teaching and for this reason, they look for alternatives to stay up to date. There is a perception that the time for the development of language skills is limited even there are available pedagogical resources. Regarding the use of textual genres, there is small spectrum of options, such as, lyrics, dialogs and games, indicating a tendency to ludic themes.
{"title":"PERCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORES SOBRE O ENSINO DA LÍNGUA INGLESA EM UMA CIDADE DE PEQUENO PORTE DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA","authors":"Cremilda Martins Fuerst, Rosana Mara Koerner","doi":"10.5216/IA.V45I3.64424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5216/IA.V45I3.64424","url":null,"abstract":"This article will present some perceptions of teachers about the teaching of English with regard to teacher´s training, working conditions and, pedagogical resources available to them. It is a qualitative study. Questionnaires were answered by the English teachers of the city and an interview with four of these teachers was made. From the analysis it was possible to understand that there is an absence of specific continuous qualification for English teaching and for this reason, they look for alternatives to stay up to date. There is a perception that the time for the development of language skills is limited even there are available pedagogical resources. Regarding the use of textual genres, there is small spectrum of options, such as, lyrics, dialogs and games, indicating a tendency to ludic themes.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"45 1","pages":"969-984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43630044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subject. This article deals with the issues of receivables management on the basis of a prospective assessment of the financial solvency of potential counterparties. Objectives. The article aims to develop methodological approaches to the management of receivables when checking the counterparty for reliability by identifying the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the quick liquidity ratio and impact factors. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, logical and systemic reasoning, and stochastic analysis. Results. The article proposes a developed methodology of prospective assessment of the financial soundness of counterparties on the basis of special tools of the Gretl software. The methodology is a way to manage an organization's receivables by providing prospective and estimated information at the contract stage to minimize potential risks when executing agreements. Conclusions. The proposed algorithm of prospective assessment of the creditworthiness of counterparties will help reduce the risk of non-repayment of receivables and develop minimum requirements, which the counterparty must meet in order to obtain a loan. The results of the study can be applied in the organization's practical activities as part of the development of receivables management activities.
{"title":"A prospective analysis of the financial responsibility of debtors in the information environment","authors":"L. Sungatullina, Il'mira R. Badgutdinova","doi":"10.24891/IA.24.1.72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24891/IA.24.1.72","url":null,"abstract":"Subject. This article deals with the issues of receivables management on the basis of a prospective assessment of the financial solvency of potential counterparties. Objectives. The article aims to develop methodological approaches to the management of receivables when checking the counterparty for reliability by identifying the existence of a statistically significant relationship between the quick liquidity ratio and impact factors. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization and comparison, logical and systemic reasoning, and stochastic analysis. Results. The article proposes a developed methodology of prospective assessment of the financial soundness of counterparties on the basis of special tools of the Gretl software. The methodology is a way to manage an organization's receivables by providing prospective and estimated information at the contract stage to minimize potential risks when executing agreements. Conclusions. The proposed algorithm of prospective assessment of the creditworthiness of counterparties will help reduce the risk of non-repayment of receivables and develop minimum requirements, which the counterparty must meet in order to obtain a loan. The results of the study can be applied in the organization's practical activities as part of the development of receivables management activities.","PeriodicalId":42055,"journal":{"name":"Intelligenza Artificiale","volume":"22 1","pages":"72-93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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