Results in Chemistry最新文献_第4页

Iron-modified orange peel biochar for highly efficient arsenic(III) removal: Adsorption performance and process optimization via box-Behnken design 铁改性橙皮生物炭高效去除砷（III）： box-Behnken设计吸附性能及工艺优化

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102848

Khurram Shehzad , Yuanguo Xu , Sarmad Ali , Shudong Zhang , Cui Li , Min Xi , Khalid I. Anojaidi , Waleed A. Alsuwaylih , Mohammed A. Alsuwaylih , Abdullah H. Almubarak , Yongfeng Wang , Nian Li , Zhenyang Wang

Herein, waste orange peel (OP) biomass residues were upcycled with iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) and calcination, and assessed for their adsorption efficiency for arsenite (As(III)) using a series of batch adsorption experiments that took into account different operational parameters, including contact time, starting concentration of arsenite, starting pH, and the impact of other ions in the solution. In addition, optimization of As(III) removal by OPFC was achieved by the use of RSM and BBD analysis. The OPFC exhibited an As(III) adsorption capacity of 23.6 mg/g at neutral pH, superior to many reported adsorbents, attributed to its high surface area (81.47 m²/g), pore volume (0.18 cm³/g), pore radius (21.14 nm), and abundant surface-active sites. Adsorption equilibrium data conformed to the Freundlich model, while the kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model. The OPFC also demonstrated strong resistance to coexisting ions, excellent regeneration-ability, and high efficacy in treating simulated As(III)-contaminated water. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) with Box Behnken Design (BBD) optimization demonstrated that at pH 5.25, with 500 μg/L of initial As(III) concentration, OPFC could reach to a maximum adsorption capacity of 472.38 μg/g in 720 min. These results indicate OPFC's strong potential as a sustainable mesoporous adsorbent for practical As(III) remediation.

本文采用氧化铁（Fe2O3）和煅烧法对废橙皮（OP）生物质残渣进行升级利用，并通过一系列的间歇吸附实验来评估其对亚砷酸盐（As(III)）的吸附效率，该实验考虑了不同的操作参数，包括接触时间、亚砷酸盐的起始浓度、起始pH值以及溶液中其他离子的影响。此外，通过RSM和BBD分析，优化了OPFC对As（III）的去除效果。由于其高表面积（81.47 m2/g）、孔体积（0.18 cm3/g）、孔半径（21.14 nm）和丰富的表面活性位点，OPFC在中性pH下的As（III）吸附量为23.6 mg/g，优于许多已报道的吸附剂。吸附平衡数据符合Freundlich模型，而动力学数据最好用拟二阶模型描述。OPFC对共存离子具有较强的抗性，具有良好的再生能力，对模拟As（III）污染的水具有较高的处理效果。此外，Box Behnken设计（BBD）优化的响应面法（RSM）表明，在pH 5.25、初始浓度为500 μg/L的条件下，OPFC在720 min内可达到472.38 μg/g的最大吸附量。这些结果表明，OPFC作为一种可持续的介孔吸附剂具有很强的潜力，可用于实际的砷（III）修复。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced oxidation of synthetic leachate: Performance of the photo-Fenton process for COD removal 合成渗滤液的深度氧化：光- fenton法去除COD的性能

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102827

Asmae Charki , Oumaima Fraiha , Najlae Zaki , Nouhaila Hadoudi , M'’hamed Ahari , Hossain El Ouarghi

As part of optimizing leachate treatment, this study evaluates the efficiency of the Fenton-like photo-oxidation process (Fe³⁺/H₂O₂/UV) for the degradation of organic contaminants in highly loaded synthetic leachate. The process relies on the in situ generation of hydroxyl radicals from hydrogen peroxide activated by ferric iron (Fe³⁺) under UV irradiation. Experiments were conducted using a photoreactor equipped with UV-A lamps (210 W and 113 W) and a UV-C lamp (75 W). The influence of several operating parameters, such as reagent concentrations, contact time, and light intensity, was investigated. Results showed that the highest treatment efficiency was achieved with UV-C irradiation, reaching an 80 % reduction in COD at optimal concentrations of 1.5 mmol/L Fe³⁺ and 0.2 mol/L H₂O₂. The process was also successfully tested on real leachate from the controlled landfill of Al Hoceima, achieving a 67.9 % COD removal after 24 h. These findings confirm the potential of the Fenton-like photo-oxidation process as an effective, economical, and environmentally friendly alternative for leachate treatment.

作为优化渗滤液处理的一部分，本研究评估了Fenton-like光氧化工艺（Fe3+/H2O2/UV）对高负荷合成渗滤液中有机污染物的降解效率。该过程依赖于在紫外线照射下由三铁（Fe3+）激活的过氧化氢在原位产生羟基自由基。实验采用配备UV-A灯（210 W和113 W）和UV-C灯（75 W）的光反应器进行。考察了试剂浓度、接触时间、光照强度等操作参数的影响。结果表明，UV-C照射处理效果最佳，在Fe3+浓度为1.5 mmol/L、H2O2浓度为0.2 mol/L时，COD可降低80%。该工艺还成功地对来自Al Hoceima控制填埋场的真实渗滤液进行了测试，24小时后COD去除率达到67.9%。这些发现证实了类芬顿光氧化工艺作为一种有效、经济、环保的渗滤液处理替代方案的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Dye sensitized NaErF4: Ce3+, Yb3+ nanodisks achieve efficient near-infrared IIb region luminescence 染料敏化的NaErF4: Ce3+， Yb3+纳米片实现了高效的近红外IIb区发光

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102875

Xin Wang , Yichan Hu , Bangguo Kou , Xiaolong Zhu , Xinping Wang , Xiping Xing

Luminescence in the second near-infrared window (NIR-IIb, 1500–1700 nm) has garnered significant attention in bioimaging due to its advantages of deep tissue penetration and low autofluorescence. However, luminescent materials in this spectral range, particularly rare-earth nanomaterials, still face the core challenge of small absorption cross-sections leads to limited luminescence efficiency and poor dye sensitization performance. To address these issues, this study proposes a synergistic enhancement strategy. Ce³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ion doping was employed to enhance the downshifting luminescence of NaErF₄-based nanoparticles, while propylene glycol distearate was introduced as a morphology-directing agent to successfully fabricate NaErF₄: Ce³⁺, Yb³⁺ nanodisks via reaction-induced self-assembly. Research indicates that these uniquely structured nanodisks effectively shorten the energy transfer distance between dye molecules and rare-earth ions, thereby significantly improving sensitization efficiency. As a result, the downshifting luminescence intensity of the material in the NIRII region was remarkably enhanced by 62.5-fold. Systematic in vivo experiments further confirmed that the as-prepared nanodisks not only exhibit excellent luminescence performance in living organisms but also possess good biocompatibility, offering new insights into material design and fabrication strategies for developing high-performance bioimaging probes.

第二近红外窗口（NIR-IIb, 1500-1700 nm）的发光由于其深层组织穿透和低自身荧光的优势而在生物成像中引起了极大的关注。然而，该光谱范围内的发光材料，特别是稀土纳米材料，仍然面临着吸收截面小导致发光效率有限和染料增感性能差的核心挑战。为了解决这些问题，本研究提出了一种协同增强策略。采用Ce3+和Yb3+离子掺杂增强了NaErF₄纳米颗粒的降移发光，同时引入二硬脂酸丙二醇作为形态导向剂，通过反应诱导自组装成功制备了NaErF₄：Ce3+， Yb3+纳米片。研究表明，这些结构独特的纳米片有效缩短了染料分子与稀土离子之间的能量传递距离，从而显著提高了敏化效率。结果表明，材料在NIRII区的降移发光强度显著提高了62.5倍。系统的体内实验进一步证实了制备的纳米片不仅在生物体中具有优异的发光性能，而且具有良好的生物相容性，为开发高性能生物成像探针的材料设计和制造策略提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of novel ternary transition metal complexes of Co(II) and Ni(II): Molecular docking and assessment of cytotoxicity and biological activity 新型三元过渡金属Co（II）和Ni（II）配合物的表征：分子对接及细胞毒性和生物活性评价

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102854

Foziah A. Al-Saif , Eman H. Ismail , Samir A. Abdel-Latif

In this study, the preparation of novel nanosized Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) complexes incorporating L-cysteine (Cys) and glutamic acid (Glu) as bidentate ligands are reported. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as a capping agent to control nanoparticle size and enhance biological activity. Bulk counterparts were also synthesized for comparative analysis. Comprehensive characterization using FTIR, UV–Vis, magnetic susceptibility, TGA, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and atomic absorption spectroscopy confirmed distorted octahedral geometries with the formulas [Co(Cys)(Glu)(H₂O)₂]·3H₂O and [Ni(Cys)(Glu)(H₂O)₂]·1.5H₂O. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FTIR verified nanoscale dimensions. The nanocomplexes exhibited potent antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. Cytotoxicity assays against HepG2 cells revealed IC₅₀ values comparable to 5-fluorouracil, highlighting their promising anticancer potential. DFT and TD-DFT calculations performed using the B3LYP/6-311G** and B3LYP/6-311G**-LANL2DZ methods offered valuable information on the electronic configuration, bonding characteristics, and optical behavior. Remarkably, the nanocomplexes exhibited significant nonlinear optical (NLO) responses, indicating potential for optoelectronic applications. Molecular docking revealed strong binding of the complexes to the nucleocapsid protein of human coronavirus NL63, blocking its active site and suggesting antiviral potential consistent with experimental antimicrobial results. These findings emphasize the novelty and multifunctionality of CTAB-stabilized Co(II) and Ni(II) nanocomplexes, supporting their future use as promising antimicrobial, anticancer, and antiviral agents—particularly relevant in the context of emerging viral threats like COVID-19.

本文报道了以l -半胱氨酸（Cys）和谷氨酸（Glu）为双齿配体的新型纳米钴（II）和镍（II）配合物的制备。采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）作为封盖剂，控制纳米颗粒大小，提高生物活性。还合成了散装对应物进行对比分析。通过FTIR、UV-Vis、磁化率、TGA、质谱、元素分析和原子吸收光谱等综合表征，确定了畸变八面体的几何形状，公式为[Co(Cys)(Glu)(H₂O) 2]·3H₂O和[Ni(Cys)(Glu)(H₂O) 2]·1.5H₂O。透射电子显微镜（TEM）和红外光谱（FTIR）验证了纳米尺度的尺寸。纳米复合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉和白色念珠菌的抗菌活性进行了评估。对HepG2细胞的细胞毒性测定显示IC₅0值与5-氟尿嘧啶相当，突出了其有希望的抗癌潜力。使用B3LYP/6-311G**和B3LYP/6-311G**-LANL2DZ方法进行的DFT和TD-DFT计算提供了有关电子构型、键合特性和光学行为的宝贵信息。值得注意的是，纳米配合物表现出显著的非线性光学（NLO）响应，表明了光电应用的潜力。分子对接发现，这些复合物与人冠状病毒NL63的核衣壳蛋白有强结合，阻断其活性位点，表明其抗病毒潜力与实验抗菌结果一致。这些发现强调了ctab稳定的Co（II）和Ni（II）纳米复合物的新颖性和多功能性，支持它们作为有前途的抗菌、抗癌和抗病毒药物的未来应用，特别是在COVID-19等新出现的病毒威胁的背景下。

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引用次数: 0

Essential oil variations and physiological responses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) to growth elicitors under drought stress condition 干旱胁迫条件下迷迭香精油变化及对生长刺激剂的生理响应

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102797

Marzie Soltani Alikooyi , Ali Abbasi Surki , Sina Fallah , Mehdi Ghasemi Nafchi

To investigate effects of some plant growth elicitors on rosemary under drought stress, a CRD factorial experiment was conducted at Shahrekord University, Iran. Full irrigation and drought stress (50 % full irrigation) as first factor, and varying concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (100, 200, and 400 mg/L), L-phenylalanine (80, 160, and 320 mg/L), and lovastatin (40, 80, and 160 mg/L), along with a control as second factor were examined. Drought increased antioxidant activity (5 %), but decreased chlorophyll b (40 %), essential oil yield (12.6 %), and shoot dry weight (16.6 %), while foliar spraying with optimal concentrations of 200 mg/L SA and 320 mg/L L-phenylalanine under these conditions increased chlorophyll a, carotenoids, essential oil content, PAL enzyme activity, phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Main components of rosemary essential oil were α-pinene (11.9 %), camphor (12.9 %), 1,8-cineole (7.6 %), camphene (3.8 %), borneol (10.4 %), verbenone (4.9 %), and bornyl acetate (12.9 %) which reduced under drought, except for borneol and bornyl acetate. SA (100 mg/L) increased α-pinene (116 %), camphene (94 %) and 1,8-cineole (50.6 %), while 200 mg/L SA increased verbenone (58 %) and 320 mg/L L-phenylalanine increased borneol (20.6 %) and bornyl acetate (33.7 %). Higher concentrations of SA and L-phenylalanine decreased hydrocarbon monoterpenes while increased oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. However, lovastatin likely redirected the energy towards other pathways, such as carotenoids, which prevent hydrocarbon monoterpenes conversion to oxygenated ones. Overall, it can be stated that SA, L-phenylalanine, and lovastatin improve plant performance especially under drought condition by enhancing specific pathways, thereby alleviating adverse effects of stress might be offers potential for special purposes.

为了研究干旱胁迫下某些植物生长诱导剂对迷迭香的影响，在伊朗Shahrekord大学进行了CRD析因试验。充分灌溉和干旱胁迫（50%充分灌溉）作为第一因素，不同浓度的水杨酸（SA）（100、200和400 mg/L）、L-苯丙氨酸（80、160和320 mg/L）和洛伐他汀（40、80和160 mg/L）以及对照作为第二因素进行了研究。干旱提高了抗氧化活性（5%），但降低了叶绿素b（40%）、挥发油产量（12.6%）和茎干重（16.6%），而在此条件下叶面喷施200 mg/L SA和320 mg/L L-苯丙氨酸可提高叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素、挥发油含量、PAL酶活性、酚类和类黄酮化合物。迷迭香精油的主要成分为α-蒎烯（11.9%）、樟脑（12.9%）、1,8-桉树脑（7.6%）、樟烯（3.8%）、冰片（10.4%）、马鞭草酮（4.9%）和乙酸龙脑酯（12.9%），除冰片和乙酸龙脑酯外，其余成分在干旱条件下含量降低。SA （100 mg/L）增加α-蒎烯（116%）、莰烯（94%）和1,8-桉树脑（50.6%），SA （200 mg/L）增加马尾草酮（58%），L-苯丙氨酸（320 mg/L）增加龙脑（20.6%）和龙脑乙酸酯（33.7%）。较高浓度的SA和l -苯丙氨酸降低了烃类单萜，而增加了含氧单萜和倍半萜。然而，洛伐他汀可能会将能量转向其他途径，如类胡萝卜素，它可以防止碳氢化合物单萜转化为含氧化合物。综上所述，SA、l -苯丙氨酸和洛伐他汀通过增强特定途径改善植物生产性能，特别是在干旱条件下，从而减轻逆境的不利影响可能具有特殊用途。

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引用次数: 0

Core-shell magnetic MCM-41/guanidine nanocomposite-modified electrode for highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine in some biological samples 核壳磁MCM-41/胍基纳米复合修饰电极对某些生物样品中多巴胺的高灵敏度和选择性检测

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102809

Fardin Abedi, Hamid Reza Rajabi, Alireza Salimi Beni, Aliyeh Barzkar

A novel core-shell structured magnetic nanocomposite with carbon and mesoporous silica shells supporting guanidine (Fe₃O₄@C@MCM41-guanidine) was developed to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for highly sensitive dopamine (DA) detection. The nanocomposite was synthesized through a controlled sol-gel process, featuring a magnetic Fe₃O₄ core (50 nm diameter), conductive carbon interlayer (8 nm thickness), and functionalized MCM-41 shell (15 nm thickness) with guanidine groups. Comprehensive characterization confirmed the hierarchical structure, superparamagnetic behavior (47 emu/g saturation magnetization), and thermal stability up to 350 °C. Electrochemical studies revealed the modified electrode's superior performance, exhibiting: (i) significant negative shift in oxidation potential at pH 4.0, (ii) 7.3-fold current enhancement versus bare GCE, and (iii) reduction in charge transfer resistance from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis. The sensor demonstrated exceptional analytical parameters, including a wide linear range (0.01–450 μM, R² = 0.9997), ultra-low detection limit (3.6 nM, S/N = 3), and excellent selectivity against interferences (1000-fold ascorbic acid). Real-sample validation in human serum and urine showed high accuracy (92.4–101.6 % recovery) and precision (RSD < 3.8 %). The Fe₃O₄@C@MCM41-guanidine/GCE demonstrated superior electrochemical behavior compared to both bare GCE and Fe₃O₄/GCE.

研究了一种新型的核壳结构磁性纳米复合材料，其碳和介孔硅壳支持胍（Fe3O4@C@ mcm41 -胍），用于修饰玻璃碳电极（GCE），用于高灵敏度的多巴胺（DA）检测。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有磁性Fe3O4核（直径50 nm）、导电碳层（厚度8 nm）和胍基功能化MCM-41壳（厚度15 nm）的纳米复合材料。综合表征证实了该材料的分层结构、超顺磁性（47emu /g饱和磁化强度）以及高达350°C的热稳定性。电化学研究表明，改性后的电极具有优异的性能，表现出：(i)在pH 4.0时氧化电位显著负移动，（ii）与裸GCE相比电流增强7.3倍，（iii）从电化学阻抗谱分析中可以看出电荷转移电阻降低。该传感器具有宽线性范围（0.01 ~ 450 μM, R2 = 0.9997）、超低检出限（3.6 nM, S/N = 3）和对干扰（1000倍抗坏血酸）的优良选择性等特点。在人血清和尿液中进行实样验证，显示出较高的准确度（回收率92.4 ~ 101.6%）和精密度（RSD < 3.8%）。与纯GCE和Fe₃O₄/GCE相比，Fe3O4@C@ mcm41 -胍/GCE表现出更好的电化学行为。

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引用次数: 0

Ugi-Azide reactions for the synthesis of aminopyrene-tetrazole-linked derivatives and the investigation of their emission properties ugi叠氮化物反应合成氨基炔-四唑连接衍生物及其发射性质的研究

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102843

Armin Pasha-Milani , Zarrin Ghasemi , Hamideh Haghighat , Somayeh Rashtabad Jadidi

In this study, new tetrazole derivatives were synthesized using Ugi-Azide four-component reaction in the presence of 1-aminopyrene, aryl aldehydes, alkyl isocyanide, and trimethylsilyl azide in good yields (74–87 %). The reactions were carried out at room temperature in ethanol as solvent, and the products were purified without the need for chromatography. In addition to characterization of the structure of all products, the fluorescence emission spectroscopy in dilute ethanol solution were also investigated. All of the tetrazole molecules had an emission wavelength of about 420 nm (visible region) with the quantum yields 32–78 %.

在1-氨基芘、芳基醛、烷基异氰化物和三甲基硅基叠氮化物的存在下，采用四氮化脲四组分反应合成了新的四氮唑衍生物，收率为74 - 87%。反应在室温下以乙醇为溶剂进行，产物无需色谱纯化。除了对所有产物的结构进行表征外，还研究了在稀乙醇溶液中的荧光发射光谱。所有四氮唑分子的发射波长约为420 nm（可见区），量子产率为32 - 78%。

引用次数: 0

Design, synthesis, and anti-Staphylococcus aureus evaluation of quinazolinone-based FabH inhibitors 喹唑啉酮类FabH抑制剂的设计、合成及抗金黄色葡萄球菌的评价

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102864

Zi-Miao Wu , Meng-Jia Xu , Xiao-Meng Guo , Jian-Ke Ma , Xiu-Ling Gu , Li Cheng , Juan Sun

Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sparks global crisis and novel fatty acid synthesis enzyme FabH inhibitors could overcome resistance. Through rational design, we developed a series of quinazolinone-benzodioxin FabH inhibitors. The results showed that some of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited good antibacterial effects against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations with the FabH, we explored the potential antibacterial mechanisms of these compounds. Furthermore, we optimized the compound with the best antibacterial activity, compound 4d, and assessed its ability to inhibit and disrupt biofilms using live/dead cell staining techniques. The results indicated that compound 4d had a significant capacity to disrupt biofilms, thereby significantly enhancing its antibacterial efficacy. These findings provide important theoretical basis and valuable clues for the development of novel antibacterial agents.

耐多药金黄色葡萄球菌引发全球危机，新型脂肪酸合成酶FabH抑制剂可以克服耐药性。通过合理的设计，我们开发了一系列喹唑啉酮-苯并二氧芑类FabH抑制剂。结果表明，部分新合成的化合物对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抗菌作用。通过与FabH的分子对接和分子动力学模拟，我们探索了这些化合物的潜在抗菌机制。此外，我们对抗菌活性最好的化合物化合物4d进行了优化，并利用活细胞/死细胞染色技术评估了其抑制和破坏生物膜的能力。结果表明，化合物4d具有明显的破坏生物膜的能力，从而显著提高了其抗菌效果。这些发现为开发新型抗菌药物提供了重要的理论依据和有价值的线索。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advancement and applications of green hydrogels: Revolutionizing biomedicine and environmental sustainability 绿色水凝胶的最新进展和应用：革命性的生物医学和环境可持续性

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102857

Sundaram Khare , Samit Kumar , Priya Urmaliya , Shailendra Yadav

Environmentally benign hydrogels can be termed as green hydrogels. They can be prepared by utilizing biopolymers, synthetic polymers and semi synthetic polymers as basic materials. These are emerging as sustainable alternatives to conventional synthetic hydrogels due to their non toxic nature, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Their eco-friendly nature has made them highly attractive for biomedical applications, including drug delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering as well as in field of agriculture and in environmental remediation. Green hydrogels reduce dependence on non-renewable resources and minimize environmental impact and thus making them an ideal class of materials for future technologies. In spite of eco-friendly nature of green hydrogels they are facing challenges related to their weak mechanical strength, stability under physiological conditions, scalability and cost effective production. Emerging strategies to address these limitations include hybrid hydrogels that blend natural and synthetic polymers, nanotechnology-assisted structural tuning, and advanced fabrication techniques such as 3D and 4D printing. These innovations allow precise control over hydrogel architecture, porosity, and adaptability, enhancing their biomedical potential. Green hydrogels represent a transformative platform for next-generation biomaterials. By integrating sustainability, functionality, and safety, they offer promising pathways for advancing regenerative medicine, personalized drug delivery, and environmentally responsible material design. This review provides their classification, preparation strategies, and a concise overview of recent research, with emphasis on their emerging biomedical and healthcare applications.

对环境无害的水凝胶被称为绿色水凝胶。它们可以利用生物聚合物、合成聚合物和半合成聚合物作为基本材料来制备。由于它们的无毒性、生物可降解性和生物相容性，它们正在成为传统合成水凝胶的可持续替代品。它们的生态友好性使其在生物医学应用方面具有很高的吸引力，包括药物输送、伤口愈合和组织工程，以及农业和环境修复领域。绿色水凝胶减少了对不可再生资源的依赖，并最大限度地减少了对环境的影响，因此使其成为未来技术的理想材料。尽管绿色水凝胶具有生态友好的特性，但它们面临着机械强度弱、生理条件下的稳定性、可扩展性和成本效益等方面的挑战。解决这些限制的新策略包括混合天然和合成聚合物的混合水凝胶、纳米技术辅助的结构调整以及3D和4D打印等先进制造技术。这些创新可以精确控制水凝胶的结构、孔隙度和适应性，增强其生物医学潜力。绿色水凝胶代表了下一代生物材料的变革平台。通过整合可持续性、功能性和安全性，它们为推进再生医学、个性化药物输送和环保材料设计提供了有希望的途径。本文综述了它们的分类、制备策略和近期研究的简要概述，重点介绍了它们在生物医学和医疗保健领域的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Vegetable tannin from Xylocarpus granatum fruit seeds: extraction, characterization, and application in leather manufacturing 果仁中的植物单宁：提取、表征及其在皮革制造中的应用

IF 4.2 Q2 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Results in Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2025.102821

Md. Abul Hashem, Md. Tanim Hasan, Abid Hassan, Md. Mukimujjaman Miem, Modinatul Maoya, Tanzila Parvin Ame

Leather processing involves a significant operation called retanning, which develops the physical properties of the final leather. It can ensure eco-friendly and sustainable leather production through the utilization of various vegetable tannin reagents, resulting in a reduced impact on hazardous elements, such as chromium. This study focuses on the extraction of tannin from Xylocarpus granatum seed for the potential use in retanning. The presence of tannin in Xylocarpus granatum seed showed about 16.77 % with 3110 mg/L TDS, 10.25 % moisture, and 5.4 pH. The tannin extracted from Xylocarpus granatum seed was characterized through FTIR analysis to identify the presence of essential functional groups in tannin. The Xylocarpus granatum retanned leather revealed superior physico-mechanical properties such as tensile strength (292.89 kg/cm² in parallel and 285.65 kg/cm² in perpendicular), elongation at break (51.18 % in parallel and 49.8 % in perpendicular), ball burst strength (30.59 kg), distention (7.19 mm), and shrinkage temperature (109.2 °C). Additionally, the crust leather assessment through SEM analysis revealed a compact, well-organized fiber orientation. Hence, these observations suggested that the use of Xylocarpus granatum tannin in leather processing could be a natural, sustainable, and environmentally friendly alternative.

皮革加工涉及一项重要的操作，称为复鞣，它发展了最终皮革的物理特性。通过使用多种植物单宁试剂，确保环保和可持续的皮革生产，从而减少对铬等有害元素的影响。本文主要研究了从木皮种子中提取单宁的方法，以期在木皮复鞣中得到潜在的应用。在TDS为3110 mg/L、水分为10.25%、ph为5.4的条件下，木皮籽中单宁的含量为16.77%。通过FTIR分析，确定了木皮籽中单宁的主要官能团。木本革显示出优异的物理机械性能，如抗拉强度（平行方向292.89 kg/cm2，垂直方向285.65 kg/cm2），断裂伸长率（平行方向51.18%，垂直方向49.8%），球爆裂强度（30.59 kg），膨胀（7.19 mm）和收缩温度（109.2℃）。此外，通过扫描电镜分析，地壳皮革评估显示紧凑，组织良好的纤维取向。因此，这些观察结果表明，在皮革加工中使用皮草单宁可能是一种天然、可持续和环保的替代品。

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