The realization of school health promotion campaign is Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) which has three main programs: health education, health service and school health environment coaching, therefore UKS facilities will support the realization of PHBS in school. Oescribe the connection of UKS implementation with health promotion campaign in SDN Geluran 1 Taman and SDN Barengkrajan 2 Krian Sidoarjo Regency. Observational research on predisposing factor, enabling factor and reinforcing factor related to the behavior of UKS cadre on the effort to promote health in schools. Based on the observation, 34 of 38 UKS cadre are well educated (89,5%), so does the attitude, trust and assessment categories are good, it came to conclusion that the behavior of the cadre on both schools on the attempt to promote health are good. Based on the chi-square statistic result all categories included knowledge, attitude, trust and assessment of UKS cadre on the attempt to promote health in school scores p < 0.05, it means there is connection between UKS implementation with the attempt of health promotion in the elementary school. To support the UKS cadre activity in school, health trainings and counseling are periodically needed and the availability of proper tools and infrastructures of UKS activity. ABSTRAK Bentuk upaya promosi kesehatan di sekolah yaitu melalui Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) yang mempunyai tiga program pokok UKS (TRIAS UKS) yaitu pendidikan kesehatan, pelayanan kesehatan dan pembinaan lingkungan sekolah sehat, dengan adanya fasilitas UKS akan sangat menunjang terwujudnya PHBS di sekolah. Tujuan: menjelaskan hubungan pelaksanaan UKS dengan upaya promosi kesehatan di SDN Geluran 1 Taman dan SDN Barengkrajan 2 Krian Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Penelitian observasional yang mengkaji faktor predisposisi (predisposing factor), faktor pendukung (enabling factor), faktor pendorong (reinforcing factor) yang di hubungkan dengan perilaku kader UKS dalam upaya promosi kesehatan di sekolah. Berdasarkan hasil observasi, kategori pengetahuan siswa baik dari 38 kader UKS, sebanyak 34 kader (89,5%) berpengetahuan baik, demikian juga dengan kategori sikap, kepercayaan dan kategori penilaian semuanya baik, dapat dikatakan bahwa perilaku kader UKS pada kedua sekolah dasar tersebut dalam pelaksanaan upaya promosi kesehatan sudah baik. Dari hasil uji statistik chi-square semua kategori pengetahuan, sikap, kepercayaan dan penilaian kader UKS dengan upaya promosi kesehatan didapat nilai p < 0,05 yang berari ada hubungan pelaksanaan UKS dengan upaya promosi kesehatan di Sekolah Dasar Negari tersebut. Guna menunjang kegiatan kader UKS pada sekolah dibutuhkan pelatihan atau penyuluhan pendidikan kesehatan yang dilakukan secara berkala kepada kader UKS dan tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang memadai untuk kegiatan UKS.
学校健康促进运动的实现是Usaha Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS)，它有三个主要项目:健康教育、健康服务和学校健康环境指导，因此英国的设施将支持在学校实现PHBS。请描述英国实施与吉鲁兰1塔曼和巴伦格拉扬2克里安·西多阿霍摄政的健康促进运动的联系。英国学校健康促进干部行为的诱发因素、促成因素和强化因素的观察研究根据观察，38名英国干部中有34人受教育程度较高(89.5%)，态度、信任和评估类别均较好，得出两校干部在促进健康尝试上的行为均较好。从卡方统计结果看，UKS干部对学校健康促进尝试的知识、态度、信任和评价得分均为p < 0.05，说明UKS实施与小学健康促进尝试之间存在联系。为了支持联合王国干部在学校的活动，需要定期进行健康培训和咨询，并提供联合王国活动的适当工具和基础设施。【摘要】【摘要】本特克大学(university of university，简称:本特克大学)是一所公立大学，是一所公立大学，是一所公立大学，是一所公立大学，是一所公立大学，是一所公立大学，是一所公立大学，是一所公立大学。图胡安:menjelaskan hubungan pelaksanaan uk dengan upaya promosi kesehatan di SDN Geluran 1 Taman dan SDN Barengkrajan 2 Krian Kabupaten Sidoarjo。Penelitian观测杨蒙卡吉因子易感因子(诱发因子)、因子诱发因子(使能因子)、因子增强因子(增强因子)杨蒙卡吉hubungkan dengan perakaku kader uk dalam upaya promosi kesehatan di sekolah。Berdasarkan hasil observasi, kategori pengetahuan siswa baik dari 38 kader UKS, sebanyak 34 kader (89,5%) berpengetahuan baik, demikian juga dengan kategori sikap, kepercayaan dan kategori penilaian semuanya baik, dapat dikatakan bahwa peraku kader UKS pakada kedua sekolah dasar tersebut dalam pelaksanaan upaya promosi kesehatan sudah baik。中国日报网报道，中国日报网报道，中国日报网报道，中国日报网报道，中国日报网报道，中国日报网报道，中国日报网报道，中国日报网报道。古娜menunjang kegiatan kader uk paada sekolah dibutuhkan pelatihan atau penyuluhan pendididikan kesehatan yang dilakukan secara berkala kepada kader uk dantersedianya sarana danprasarana yang memadai untuk kegiatan uk。
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Ira Ummu Aimanah, Made Asri Budisuari, R. Supriyanto
Medical Rehabilitation Unit in Hospital X in Batang, Central Java, was to support in increasing efficiency and effectiveness of Hosiptal Financial Management by applying cost analysis each medical service. This analysis was based on per-unit calculation. It may apply to a hospital in assessing performances as a base for formulating annual budget and subcidiary, and used as a guideline for revising new hospital tarrifs as well as covering affordable price for communities. This research was case study with quantitative descriptive approach to analyse the costs of Medical Rehabilitation Units in Hospital X, Batang, Central Java in 2014. The research used secondary data to determine the cost of investments, including fixed costs, variable. Data was collected in May 2015. The calculation showed Rp 126,563.75 for normative unit cost and Rp.119,622.64 for actual unit cost. Meanwhile, to calculate the tarriffs was Rp. 145,548.32 (assuming a 15% gain). In addition, to achieve Break Even Point (BEP) by tarrifs Rp 126.000, the medical units have to care as much as 17.978 patients with Cost Recovery Rate (CRR) amounted to 21.74%. According to the calculation of unit cost, new tarrifs have to be adjusted as the current has not reached 100% from CRR yet. Cost analysis is required to calculate cost based on real cost per care. Thus, real tarriffs calculation will achieve BEP and expected recovery rate. ABSTRAK Poli Rehabilitasi Medis yang merupakan salah satu unit kerja Rumah Sakit X, di Kabupaten Batang, Jawa Tengah, diharapkan dapat mendukung peningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas manajemen keuangan RS dengan menerapkan analisis biaya dalam setiap pelayanan. Analisis biaya melalui perhitungan biaya per unit ini (unit cost) dapat dipergunakan rumah sakit sebagai dasar pengukuran kinerja, sebagai dasar penyusunan anggaran dan subsidi, dan dapat pula dijadikan acuan dalam mengusulkan tarif pelayanan rumah sakit yang baru dan terjangkau masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus analisis biaya di Poli Rehabilitasi Medis RS X, Batang, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder untuk mengetahui biaya investasi, biaya tetap, dan biaya variabel di Poli Rehabilitasi Medis RS X, Batang, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2014.Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei tahun 2015. Hasil perhitungan analisis biaya didapatkan bahwa UC normatif sebesar Rp 126.563,75,- dan UC actual Rp. 119.622,64,-. Sedangkan untuk perhitungan tarif didapatkan angka sebesar 145.548,32 (asumsi keuntungan 15%).Untuk mencapai BEP unit dengan menggunakan tarif Rp 126.000 maka poli ini harus melakukan pelayanan sebanyak 17.978 pasien. CRR sebesar 21,74%. Dari perhitungan unit cost maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa perlu dilakukan penyesuaian atau penerapan tarif baru, karena tarif yang berlaku saat ini belum dapat mencapai 100% tingkat pemulihan (CRR) yang diharapkan. Perlu dilakukan analisis biaya menggunakan metode perhitu
中爪哇巴塘X医院的医疗康复科将通过对每项医疗服务应用成本分析，支持提高医院财务管理的效率和效力。这个分析是基于单位计算的。该标准可适用于医院绩效评估，作为制定年度预算和附属费用的基础，并可作为修订医院新收费标准的指导方针，以及覆盖社区可承受的价格。本研究采用定量描述方法进行个案研究，以分析2014年中爪哇巴塘X医院医疗康复单位的成本。本研究利用二手数据确定投资成本，包括固定成本、可变成本。数据收集于2015年5月。计算结果显示，标准单位成本为126,563.75卢比，实际单位成本为119,622.64卢比。同时，计算关税为145,548.32卢比(假设增长15%)。此外，为了达到126,000卢比的收支平衡点，医疗单位必须照顾多达17,978名患者，成本回收率(CRR)达到21.74%。根据单位成本计算，由于目前从CRR还没有达到100%，所以需要调整新的关税。需要进行成本分析，根据每次护理的实际成本来计算成本。因此，实际关税的计算将获得边际效益和预期回收率。摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract摘要/ abstract分析:单位成本，单位成本，单位成本，单位成本，单位成本，单位成本，单位成本，单位成本，单位成本[j]巴唐，爪哇登加。基于医学康复的临床研究。孟古纳坎的数据分析，孟古纳坎的数据分析，孟古纳坎的数据分析，孟古纳坎的数据分析，孟古纳坎的数据分析，孟古纳坎的数据分析，孟古纳坎的数据分析，孟古纳坎的数据分析。彭甘比兰数据分析，彭甘比兰数据分析，彭甘比兰数据分析，彭甘比兰数据分析，彭甘比兰数据分析。Hasil perhitungan分析biaya didapatkan bahwa UC normatimatsebesar Rp. 126.563,75，-但UC实际Rp. 119.622,64，-。Sedangkan untuk perhitungan关税didapatkan angka sebesar 145,548,32(假设umsi keuntungan 15%)。Untuk menapai BEP单位dunan menggunakan关税12.6万卢比，maka poli ini harus melakukan pelayanan sebanyak 17.978卢比。CRR为21.74%。Dari perhitungan单位成本maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa perlu dilakukan penyesuaian atau penerapan关税baru, karena关税yang berlaku saat ini belum dapat mencapai 100% tingkat pemulhan (CRR) yang diharapkan。Perlu dilakukan analysis biaya menggunakan mede perhitungan biaya berdasarkan kebutuhan nyata biaya per unit pelayanan sehinga didapatkan perhitungan tartara akulhan yang dapat member member titik impas dan tingkat pemulihan yang diharapkan。
{"title":"ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI DI UNIT KERJA POLI REHABILITASI MEDIS RUMAH SAKIT X BATANG, JAWA TENGAH","authors":"Ira Ummu Aimanah, Made Asri Budisuari, R. Supriyanto","doi":"10.22435/hsr.v21i1.36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v21i1.36","url":null,"abstract":"Medical Rehabilitation Unit in Hospital X in Batang, Central Java, was to support in increasing efficiency and effectiveness of Hosiptal Financial Management by applying cost analysis each medical service. This analysis was based on per-unit calculation. It may apply to a hospital in assessing performances as a base for formulating annual budget and subcidiary, and used as a guideline for revising new hospital tarrifs as well as covering affordable price for communities. This research was case study with quantitative descriptive approach to analyse the costs of Medical Rehabilitation Units in Hospital X, Batang, Central Java in 2014. The research used secondary data to determine the cost of investments, including fixed costs, variable. Data was collected in May 2015. The calculation showed Rp 126,563.75 for normative unit cost and Rp.119,622.64 for actual unit cost. Meanwhile, to calculate the tarriffs was Rp. 145,548.32 (assuming a 15% gain). In addition, to achieve Break Even Point (BEP) by tarrifs Rp 126.000, the medical units have to care as much as 17.978 patients with Cost Recovery Rate (CRR) amounted to 21.74%. According to the calculation of unit cost, new tarrifs have to be adjusted as the current has not reached 100% from CRR yet. Cost analysis is required to calculate cost based on real cost per care. Thus, real tarriffs calculation will achieve BEP and expected recovery rate. \u0000ABSTRAK \u0000Poli Rehabilitasi Medis yang merupakan salah satu unit kerja Rumah Sakit X, di Kabupaten Batang, Jawa Tengah, diharapkan dapat mendukung peningkatan efisiensi dan efektivitas manajemen keuangan RS dengan menerapkan analisis biaya dalam setiap pelayanan. Analisis biaya melalui perhitungan biaya per unit ini (unit cost) dapat dipergunakan rumah sakit sebagai dasar pengukuran kinerja, sebagai dasar penyusunan anggaran dan subsidi, dan dapat pula dijadikan acuan dalam mengusulkan tarif pelayanan rumah sakit yang baru dan terjangkau masyarakat. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus analisis biaya di Poli Rehabilitasi Medis RS X, Batang, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan data sekunder untuk mengetahui biaya investasi, biaya tetap, dan biaya variabel di Poli Rehabilitasi Medis RS X, Batang, Jawa Tengah pada tahun 2014.Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei tahun 2015. Hasil perhitungan analisis biaya didapatkan bahwa UC normatif sebesar Rp 126.563,75,- dan UC actual Rp. 119.622,64,-. Sedangkan untuk perhitungan tarif didapatkan angka sebesar 145.548,32 (asumsi keuntungan 15%).Untuk mencapai BEP unit dengan menggunakan tarif Rp 126.000 maka poli ini harus melakukan pelayanan sebanyak 17.978 pasien. CRR sebesar 21,74%. Dari perhitungan unit cost maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa perlu dilakukan penyesuaian atau penerapan tarif baru, karena tarif yang berlaku saat ini belum dapat mencapai 100% tingkat pemulihan (CRR) yang diharapkan. Perlu dilakukan analisis biaya menggunakan metode perhitu","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2018-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47085467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v15i4 Okt.3032
N. E. W. Sukoco
Latar Belakang: Lebih dari dua miliar penduduk (sekitar sepertiga penduduk dunia) diduga terinfeksi Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah banyak pasien yang menerima self-administered pengobatan tidakpatuh. World Health Organization (WHO) telah merekomendasikan strategi Directly Observed Treatment, Shortcourse chemotherapy (DOTS) untuk pengendalian TB dengan melibatkan “Pengawas Minum Obat” (PMO). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifi kasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi interaksi antara pasien dan PMO guna meningkatkan kualitas kepatuhan menurunkan angka TB. Metode: Desain penelitian adalah eksploratif dengan pendekatan kualitatif.Kabupaten Majalengka dipilih sebagai daerah penelitian karena memiliki persentase kedua tertinggi Baksil Tahan Asam(BTA) positif TB di Jawa Barat pada tahun 2000. Informasi diperoleh dari informan yang terdiri atas PMO, pasien TB,pelaksana program TB tingkat kecamatan Kadipaten, kepala Puskesmas Kadipaten, dan penanggung jawab programTB tingkat Kabupaten majalengka (Wasor). Hasil: Studi menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan PMO memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan hasil akhir pengobatan. Sebagian besar pasien mengakui bahwa keberadaan PMO sangat membantu untuk lebih “patuh” (compliant) dan mengurangi risiko kebosanan selama pengobatan. Kesimpulan: Kriteria terpenting dalam memilih PMO yang mempunyai hubungan dekat dengan pasien sebaiknya anggota keluarga atau kombinasi antara anggota keluarga dengan bukan anggota keluarga. Demikian juga, PMO yang berasal dari kader kesehatan atau petugas kesehatan menunjukkan pemahaman mengenai TB yang lebih baik daripada PMO yang berasal dari anggota keluarga. Penelitian memberikan saran bahwa promosi kesehatan harus menjadi program prioritas karena memberikan kontribusi terhadap penyebaran informasi tentang program dan pengobatan TB. Pembekalan pengetahuan TB harus diberikan kepada anggota keluarga terutama yang berperan sebagai PMO.
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Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v15i1 Jan.2978
R. Massie
Background: Stigma and discrimination persist resulting many people living with HIV hide their status for fear of losing their jobs, social status, and the support of their families and communities. Methods: This case study presents collecting evidence and reviews factors relate to HIVIAIDS programme provided by public in Bitung Municipality, North Sulawesi Province, lndonesia. The objectives of this ca se study are to identify policy of HIVIAIDS program in local con text and to leam the collaboration of local public services' activities relate to health particularly to lessen the stigma and discrimination of HIVIAIDS. Results: Stigma and discrimination may be reduced through structural intervention at local level, community intervention and individual intervention. The interventions should be understood by health providers relate to HIVIAIDS prevention and control program at all stages. To reduce stigma at the community level can be integrated into HIVIAIDS programs by facilitating the participation of people living with HIVIAIDS.
{"title":"Stigma And Discrimination Among The Persons Living With Hiv/aids: Public Sector And Community Perspective's In Bitung Municipality North Sulawesi","authors":"R. Massie","doi":"10.22435/bpsk.v15i1 Jan.2978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v15i1 Jan.2978","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stigma and discrimination persist resulting many people living with HIV hide their status for fear of losing their jobs, social status, and the support of their families and communities. Methods: This case study presents collecting evidence and reviews factors relate to HIVIAIDS programme provided by public in Bitung Municipality, North Sulawesi Province, lndonesia. The objectives of this ca se study are to identify policy of HIVIAIDS program in local con text and to leam the collaboration of local public services' activities relate to health particularly to lessen the stigma and discrimination of HIVIAIDS. Results: Stigma and discrimination may be reduced through structural intervention at local level, community intervention and individual intervention. The interventions should be understood by health providers relate to HIVIAIDS prevention and control program at all stages. To reduce stigma at the community level can be integrated into HIVIAIDS programs by facilitating the participation of people living with HIVIAIDS.","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68500822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v14i3 Jul.2327
D. Susilowati
Background: A good understanding of the association between under nutrition and socioeconomic status (SES) has many important public health and policies implications for the prevention and management of underweight. Objective: To examine the relation of SES, education level, working status, urban-rural and age on the Body mass index (BMI). Methods: The data were part of Basic Health Research in Indonesia, 2010. It was a cross sectional study that covered the whole households' members that were chosen through a multistage random sampling. Data was gathered using structured questionnaire. Frequency distributions and logistic regression were used for assessment of statistical association between variables. Results: It covered 20,819 boys, their mean age: 14.1+2.9 years, the prevalence of underweight and normal weight was 51.3% and 39.9%. The prevalence of underweight at 10 years and 19 years were 73.6% and 21.5%; the prevalence of normal weight at 10 years and 19 years were 18.3% and 63.7%. The adjusted odds ratios for the association With underweight for aged 13-15 years were: 0.53 (95% CI:0.48-0.57); for aged 16-19 years 0.23(0.21-0.26); for status of not working 0.89(0.82-0.95); for status of working 0.59(0.54-0.66); for finished elementary school 1.29(1.14-1.48); for no schooling/did not finished elementary school1.73(1.50-2.00); for medium socio-economic status 1.16(1.0Er 1.29); for low socio-economic status 1.23(1.11-1.37). Conclusions: Younger adolescents, lack of schooling and those with lower socioeconomic were more likely to be underweight. This study will help the government for developing programs to assist underweight adolescents.
{"title":"Are Under Weight Adolescents Boys Associated to a Lower Socioeconomic Status in Indonesia?","authors":"D. Susilowati","doi":"10.22435/bpsk.v14i3 Jul.2327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v14i3 Jul.2327","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A good understanding of the association between under nutrition and socioeconomic status (SES) has many important public health and policies implications for the prevention and management of underweight. Objective: To examine the relation of SES, education level, working status, urban-rural and age on the Body mass index (BMI). Methods: The data were part of Basic Health Research in Indonesia, 2010. It was a cross sectional study that covered the whole households' members that were chosen through a multistage random sampling. Data was gathered using structured questionnaire. Frequency distributions and logistic regression were used for assessment of statistical association between variables. Results: It covered 20,819 boys, their mean age: 14.1+2.9 years, the prevalence of underweight and normal weight was 51.3% and 39.9%. The prevalence of underweight at 10 years and 19 years were 73.6% and 21.5%; the prevalence of normal weight at 10 years and 19 years were 18.3% and 63.7%. The adjusted odds ratios for the association With underweight for aged 13-15 years were: 0.53 (95% CI:0.48-0.57); for aged 16-19 years 0.23(0.21-0.26); for status of not working 0.89(0.82-0.95); for status of working 0.59(0.54-0.66); for finished elementary school 1.29(1.14-1.48); for no schooling/did not finished elementary school1.73(1.50-2.00); for medium socio-economic status 1.16(1.0Er 1.29); for low socio-economic status 1.23(1.11-1.37). Conclusions: Younger adolescents, lack of schooling and those with lower socioeconomic were more likely to be underweight. This study will help the government for developing programs to assist underweight adolescents.","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68500762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-04-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v14i2 Apr.2313
M. Phd
Introduction: Management of occupational hazards has been a priority and sharps injuries is a known potential risk to healthcare workers. With the known risks of potential infections, to the workers as well as the patients, our workers need protection from further danger. Objective: This study looked at the measures taken on managing the affected healthcare workers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire was sent to 55 hospital directors. They were required to inform on their management practices on sharps injuries. Results: 7KH ¿QGLQJV VKRZHG YDULDWLRQV LQ WKH PDQDJHPHQW RI VKDUSV LQMXULHV GXULQJ DQG DIWHU RI¿FH KRXUV YDULDWLRQ LQ WKH VLWH RI NHHSLQJ WKH UHFRUGV SHUVRQ UHVSRQVLEOH and variation in the frequency of data analysis and presentation to hospital directors. Discussion: According to OSHA Act 1994, it is the responsibility of the employer to ensure safety, health and welfare of the employee. In management of sharps injury data from injury reporting should be compiled and assessed. Reporting feedback need to be encouraged with timely follow-up of all sharps injury cases. Reporting of sharps injuries is essential to ensure that all healthcare workers receive appropriate post-exposure medical treatment. Conclusion & Recommendation: A uniform management of sharps injuries protocol need to be established to improve reporting. An avenue to present sharps injuries data regularly is needed so as appropriate management of workers be ensured. Therefore adherence to the available guidelines need to be ensured.
{"title":"Assessment of the Management of Sharps Injuries in Government Hospitals: the Malaysian Situation","authors":"M. Phd","doi":"10.22435/bpsk.v14i2 Apr.2313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v14i2 Apr.2313","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Management of occupational hazards has been a priority and sharps injuries is a known potential risk to healthcare workers. With the known risks of potential infections, to the workers as well as the patients, our workers need protection from further danger. Objective: This study looked at the measures taken on managing the affected healthcare workers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey using self-administered questionnaire was sent to 55 hospital directors. They were required to inform on their management practices on sharps injuries. Results: 7KH ¿QGLQJV VKRZHG YDULDWLRQV LQ WKH PDQDJHPHQW RI VKDUSV LQMXULHV GXULQJ DQG DIWHU RI¿FH KRXUV YDULDWLRQ LQ WKH VLWH RI NHHSLQJ WKH UHFRUGV SHUVRQ UHVSRQVLEOH and variation in the frequency of data analysis and presentation to hospital directors. Discussion: According to OSHA Act 1994, it is the responsibility of the employer to ensure safety, health and welfare of the employee. In management of sharps injury data from injury reporting should be compiled and assessed. Reporting feedback need to be encouraged with timely follow-up of all sharps injury cases. Reporting of sharps injuries is essential to ensure that all healthcare workers receive appropriate post-exposure medical treatment. Conclusion & Recommendation: A uniform management of sharps injuries protocol need to be established to improve reporting. An avenue to present sharps injuries data regularly is needed so as appropriate management of workers be ensured. Therefore adherence to the available guidelines need to be ensured.","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68500673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-07-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v12i3 Jul.2012
Wasis Budiarto, Ristrini Ristrini
Background: Health insurance program for poor began since 1998 namely Social Safety Net and 2005 changed be Health Maintenance Assurance Program for Poor (PJK MM) and since 2007 become Healthy Insurance for Poor (Askeskin).The objectives this research to study for policy implication and program management of Health Maintenance Assurance for Poor (PJKMM) in East Java. Methods: This location selected four regencies with people cultural criteria, namely Malang (Arek Culture), Tulungagung (Mataraman Culture), Sampang (Madura Culture), and Banyuwangi (PendalunganCulture). For each regency chosen 100 poor respondents who visiting health centers at the research be done, by using"quota sampling" method. Results: the research indicating that number of members who utilize out-patient services in the hospital mean 32.25%, out-patient in the health center 77.75% and out-patient utilization in the hospital mean 27.25% and in health center approximately 3.25%. Accessibility of poor to health service facility reviewed from distance aspect, time travel, and cost is good. Eventhough cost of treatment in health centre is free, but still expend money that is transport to health centre and hospital, and adding drug cost. Members management aspect still occur insufficiency, and those condition complicated with SKTM validation, so the cost control more difficult. In services management aspect. health center hope implemented of Society Safety Net model, while Hospital keep intended PT Askes as the Execution Board of this program. From financial management, giving down payment policy to the hospital as well as down payment claim while waiting verification is finish, helpful the hospital as well as to performing their operation. Recommended in order to Central Government and Healthy Department to secure PJKMM/Askeskin program sustainability, implemented Diagnostic Related Group (DRGs) and increasing budget through APBD to maintaining health for society.
{"title":"Implikasi Kebijakan Program Jaminan Kesehatan Bagi Masyarakat Miskin di 4 Kabupaten di Jawa Timur (Studi Tentang Kondisi, Aksesibilitas dan Manajemen Pelayanan Kesehatan Bagi Masyarakat Miskin)","authors":"Wasis Budiarto, Ristrini Ristrini","doi":"10.22435/bpsk.v12i3 Jul.2012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v12i3 Jul.2012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health insurance program for poor began since 1998 namely Social Safety Net and 2005 changed be Health Maintenance Assurance Program for Poor (PJK MM) and since 2007 become Healthy Insurance for Poor (Askeskin).The objectives this research to study for policy implication and program management of Health Maintenance Assurance for Poor (PJKMM) in East Java. Methods: This location selected four regencies with people cultural criteria, namely Malang (Arek Culture), Tulungagung (Mataraman Culture), Sampang (Madura Culture), and Banyuwangi (PendalunganCulture). For each regency chosen 100 poor respondents who visiting health centers at the research be done, by using\"quota sampling\" method. Results: the research indicating that number of members who utilize out-patient services in the hospital mean 32.25%, out-patient in the health center 77.75% and out-patient utilization in the hospital mean 27.25% and in health center approximately 3.25%. Accessibility of poor to health service facility reviewed from distance aspect, time travel, and cost is good. Eventhough cost of treatment in health centre is free, but still expend money that is transport to health centre and hospital, and adding drug cost. Members management aspect still occur insufficiency, and those condition complicated with SKTM validation, so the cost control more difficult. In services management aspect. health center hope implemented of Society Safety Net model, while Hospital keep intended PT Askes as the Execution Board of this program. From financial management, giving down payment policy to the hospital as well as down payment claim while waiting verification is finish, helpful the hospital as well as to performing their operation. Recommended in order to Central Government and Healthy Department to secure PJKMM/Askeskin program sustainability, implemented Diagnostic Related Group (DRGs) and increasing budget through APBD to maintaining health for society.","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68500533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1917
I. Tarigan, Tati Suryati
Background: Health care for children under five year in Indonesia was still a problem that should be cope with. Infant mortality (IMR), maternal mortality (MMR), and the IMR in Indonesia, ware still ranked the highest in Southeast Asia. According Soemantri (2004), infant mortality reached 46 per 1000 live births during the period 1998-2002. According SKRT 2001, the highest cause for infant mortality was perinatal disturbances (34%) and for neonatal mortality are premature and low birth weight babies (29%) and birth asphyxia (27%) (Soemantri S, eta/: 2004). Baby's health is associated with several maternal factors during pregnancy and birth, infant factors, and environmental factors. The cause of death of a baby has two kinds, namely endogen and exogen. Endogen infant death or neonatal was death that happens at the first month after birth, and generally caused by factors that brought by the child since birth, obtained from the parents at the time of conception or during pregnancy. Exogen baby's death or post-neonatal mortality was happen after the age of one month until the age of one year that is affected by external environment. Obj ective: This analysis is to ascertam the probabtlity and detenninants related to the live endurance of neonatal infants. Methods: This research design was Cross Sectional, using data of Health Basic Research (Riskesdas) 2007. Data analysis was conducted univariate, bivariate, and multivariate with the life table method, Kaplan Meier and Cox regression. Results: The analysis indicate that premature variables and banier have relationships with the live endurance of neonatal infants, where babies those are bom premature have risk 1.4 times higher for death compared with infants those ware not bom premature. For a baby that is bom with banier have risk 1. 5 times higher for death compared with infants bom without banier. Babies bom premature and have bam·er have risk 2.02 times higher than babies bom premature, and not without banier.
{"title":"Determinan yang Berhubungan dengan Ketahanan Hidup Bayi Neonatal di Indonesia","authors":"I. Tarigan, Tati Suryati","doi":"10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1917","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Health care for children under five year in Indonesia was still a problem that should be cope with. Infant mortality (IMR), maternal mortality (MMR), and the IMR in Indonesia, ware still ranked the highest in Southeast Asia. According Soemantri (2004), infant mortality reached 46 per 1000 live births during the period 1998-2002. According SKRT 2001, the highest cause for infant mortality was perinatal disturbances (34%) and for neonatal mortality are premature and low birth weight babies (29%) and birth asphyxia (27%) (Soemantri S, eta/: 2004). Baby's health is associated with several maternal factors during pregnancy and birth, infant factors, and environmental factors. The cause of death of a baby has two kinds, namely endogen and exogen. Endogen infant death or neonatal was death that happens at the first month after birth, and generally caused by factors that brought by the child since birth, obtained from the parents at the time of conception or during pregnancy. Exogen baby's death or post-neonatal mortality was happen after the age of one month until the age of one year that is affected by external environment. Obj ective: This analysis is to ascertam the probabtlity and detenninants related to the live endurance of neonatal infants. Methods: This research design was Cross Sectional, using data of Health Basic Research (Riskesdas) 2007. Data analysis was conducted univariate, bivariate, and multivariate with the life table method, Kaplan Meier and Cox regression. Results: The analysis indicate that premature variables and banier have relationships with the live endurance of neonatal infants, where babies those are bom premature have risk 1.4 times higher for death compared with infants those ware not bom premature. For a baby that is bom with banier have risk 1. 5 times higher for death compared with infants bom without banier. Babies bom premature and have bam·er have risk 2.02 times higher than babies bom premature, and not without banier.","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68500177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1907
Ristrini Ristrini
Background: There are many mothers giving birth at home assisted by Traditional birth attendance (TBAs) in Indonesia. It was predicted as the cause of high Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia. To accelerate the maternal mortality rate, we need to empowered the nonprofessional health manpower (Traditional birth attendance, health cadres and family members) to provide maternal health services for the pregnant mothers to take care her from the antenatal to post natal. Objective:The objective of this study was conducted the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nonprofessional health manpower in the villages. Methods: This cross sectional study was done in 3 provinces i.e. East Java, South Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. The population of samples were nonprofessional health manpower in the village. 48 villages were chosen purposively from 12 health centers which were in 6 Districts. 2 districts were chosen purposively in each province. Total number of traditional birth attendances and health cadres and mother who giving birth during the year of 2005 were the samples of this study. The study was held for 8 months start from March 2006 to October 2006. They run in depth interviews, structural interviews, and Focus Group Discussions to collect the data and reported as descriptive analysis. Results:The result showed that nonprofessional health manpower had low KAP especially how to detect the high risk pregnancy and the emergency state of delivery. In many places, TBAs and midwives has already a good collaboration to take care pregnant mothers. TBAs and family members have role to prepare the equipment for giving birth and look after mother and the baby after giving birth, while midwives has role to assist the delivery and cut the umbilical cord of the baby. AlthoughTBAs are not permitted to deliver the babies, but many of them still do it. They agree to be the assistant of midwives and refer the pregnant mother to deliver assisted by midwives but they want some compensation (money) from hers. Midwives should cooperate and ask for TBAs the help her and train the nonprofessional health manpower how to detect the risk mother.
{"title":"Analisis Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Tenaga Nonprofesional dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal (suatu Analisis Kebijakan Program Percepatan Penurunan Angka Kematian Lbu di Indonesia)","authors":"Ristrini Ristrini","doi":"10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1907","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are many mothers giving birth at home assisted by Traditional birth attendance (TBAs) in Indonesia. It was predicted as the cause of high Maternal Mortality Rate in Indonesia. To accelerate the maternal mortality rate, we need to empowered the nonprofessional health manpower (Traditional birth attendance, health cadres and family members) to provide maternal health services for the pregnant mothers to take care her from the antenatal to post natal. Objective:The objective of this study was conducted the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of nonprofessional health manpower in the villages. Methods: This cross sectional study was done in 3 provinces i.e. East Java, South Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. The population of samples were nonprofessional health manpower in the village. 48 villages were chosen purposively from 12 health centers which were in 6 Districts. 2 districts were chosen purposively in each province. Total number of traditional birth attendances and health cadres and mother who giving birth during the year of 2005 were the samples of this study. The study was held for 8 months start from March 2006 to October 2006. They run in depth interviews, structural interviews, and Focus Group Discussions to collect the data and reported as descriptive analysis. Results:The result showed that nonprofessional health manpower had low KAP especially how to detect the high risk pregnancy and the emergency state of delivery. In many places, TBAs and midwives has already a good collaboration to take care pregnant mothers. TBAs and family members have role to prepare the equipment for giving birth and look after mother and the baby after giving birth, while midwives has role to assist the delivery and cut the umbilical cord of the baby. AlthoughTBAs are not permitted to deliver the babies, but many of them still do it. They agree to be the assistant of midwives and refer the pregnant mother to deliver assisted by midwives but they want some compensation (money) from hers. Midwives should cooperate and ask for TBAs the help her and train the nonprofessional health manpower how to detect the risk mother.","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68499949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-01-01DOI: 10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1916
H. Basuki, N. Pratiwi, Agus Soeprapto
Background: In Indonesia, the National Health Survey by Department of Health year 2001 showed that about 70% of people 10 years old and aboved had dental impairment. The dental impairment for persons aged 12 years old reached 43.9%, for people aged 15 years old reached 37.4%, for people aged 18 years old reached 51.1%, for people aged 35-44 years old reached 80.1%, and for people aged 65 years old and aboved reached 96.7%. Methods: Data were based on the Riskesdas year 2007 data. The dependent variables were DMFT index, data in ordinal scales. The independent variables were oral hygiene behaviors, socioeconomic factors, smoking habits, access to health facilities data in nominal scales. Multivariate analysis was done by ordinal regression. Results: Results indicated that the oral hygiene behaviors; socioeconomic factors: age, household expenditure per capita, smoking and access to health facilities: duration of time to health facilities were significantly associated to DMFT index. Meanwhile the distance to health facilities was not significantly associated to the DMFT index, p = 0.777. Recommendation: Health education is important to enhance the awareness brushing teeth correctly and on exact times for people at the lowest household expenditure per capita (quintile 1) to be a need and become a value in the community, and especially in the lowest household expenditure group. It needs a cross subsidy to enhance the ability to buy teeth pasta containing flouride and brush teeth that are affordable by low in comepeople including farmers/fishermen/workers and non workers. Was also needed to enhance accessibility for access to health facilities, especially dental services in remote, islands, and borders areas; either infrastructures, instruments facilities and dental health staffs. Besides, it needs to socialize the danger of smoking to impairment of teeth.
{"title":"Hubungan Perilaku Oral Hygiene, Sosial Ekonomi, Budaya Merokok, Akses Pelayanan Kesehatan Terhadap Besaran Indeks Dmft","authors":"H. Basuki, N. Pratiwi, Agus Soeprapto","doi":"10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22435/bpsk.v12i1 Jan.1916","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In Indonesia, the National Health Survey by Department of Health year 2001 showed that about 70% of people 10 years old and aboved had dental impairment. The dental impairment for persons aged 12 years old reached 43.9%, for people aged 15 years old reached 37.4%, for people aged 18 years old reached 51.1%, for people aged 35-44 years old reached 80.1%, and for people aged 65 years old and aboved reached 96.7%. Methods: Data were based on the Riskesdas year 2007 data. The dependent variables were DMFT index, data in ordinal scales. The independent variables were oral hygiene behaviors, socioeconomic factors, smoking habits, access to health facilities data in nominal scales. Multivariate analysis was done by ordinal regression. Results: Results indicated that the oral hygiene behaviors; socioeconomic factors: age, household expenditure per capita, smoking and access to health facilities: duration of time to health facilities were significantly associated to DMFT index. Meanwhile the distance to health facilities was not significantly associated to the DMFT index, p = 0.777. Recommendation: Health education is important to enhance the awareness brushing teeth correctly and on exact times for people at the lowest household expenditure per capita (quintile 1) to be a need and become a value in the community, and especially in the lowest household expenditure group. It needs a cross subsidy to enhance the ability to buy teeth pasta containing flouride and brush teeth that are affordable by low in comepeople including farmers/fishermen/workers and non workers. Was also needed to enhance accessibility for access to health facilities, especially dental services in remote, islands, and borders areas; either infrastructures, instruments facilities and dental health staffs. Besides, it needs to socialize the danger of smoking to impairment of teeth.","PeriodicalId":42108,"journal":{"name":"Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68500109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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