Mentoring, which is increasingly used in the development of professional competences, is rarely analysed in terms of managerial roles and gender. Simultaneously, women in managerial roles increasingly reveal high levels of effectiveness in the business environment. The aim of this article is to diagnose the range and diversity of mentoring experienced by Polish female managers, including two types of mentoring: career and psychosocial. The research involved 370 women who hold managerial positions in organisations located in Poland and who have experience of participating in a mentoring relationship. A quantitative method was used using the Global Measurement of Mentoring Practices questionnaire and the CAWI technique. Student’s t-tests and one-way ANOVA preceded by Levene’s tests of variance were conducted. It has been demonstrated that the career paths of the surveyed female managers were significantly supported by the activities of the mentor. The extent of psychosocial support was found to be greater than of professional support. In terms of psychosocial mentoring, top-level female managers received the greatest extent of support, and in terms of career mentoring, those whose relationship with a mentor was both formal and informal and varied by the gender of the mentor. The findings presented here may be useful in improving mentoring programmes targeted at female managers.
辅导越来越多地用于培养专业能力，但很少从管理角色和性别角度对其进行分析。与此同时，担任管理职务的女性在商业环境中越来越显示出高水平的效率。本文旨在分析波兰女性管理者所经历的指导的范围和多样性，包括两种类型的指导：职业指导和社会心理指导。研究涉及 370 名在波兰组织中担任管理职位并有过指导关系经历的女性。研究采用了定量方法，使用了指导实践全球测量问卷和 CAWI 技术。进行了学生 t 检验和单向方差分析，然后进行了 Levene 方差检验。结果表明，接受调查的女性管理人员的职业道路在很大程度上得到了导师活动的支持。社会心理支持的程度高于专业支持。在社会心理辅导方面，高层女性管理人员得到的支持最大；在职业辅导方面，那些与导师的关系既有正式的，也有非正式的，而且因导师的性别而异。本文的研究结果可能有助于改进针对女性管理人员的指导计划。
{"title":"Mentoring in the experiences of Polish female managers","authors":"Małgorzata Adamska-Chudzińska, Klaudia Blachnicka","doi":"10.15219/em100.1622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1622","url":null,"abstract":"Mentoring, which is increasingly used in the development of professional competences, is rarely analysed in terms of managerial roles and gender. Simultaneously, women in managerial roles increasingly reveal high levels of effectiveness in the business environment. The aim of this article is to diagnose the range and diversity of mentoring experienced by Polish female managers, including two types of mentoring: career and psychosocial. The research involved 370 women who hold managerial positions in organisations located in Poland and who have experience of participating in a mentoring relationship. A quantitative method was used using the Global Measurement of Mentoring Practices questionnaire and the CAWI technique. Student’s t-tests and one-way ANOVA preceded by Levene’s tests of variance were conducted. It has been demonstrated that the career paths of the surveyed female managers were significantly supported by the activities of the mentor. The extent of psychosocial support was found to be greater than of professional support. In terms of psychosocial mentoring, top-level female managers received the greatest extent of support, and in terms of career mentoring, those whose relationship with a mentor was both formal and informal and varied by the gender of the mentor. The findings presented here may be useful in improving mentoring programmes targeted at female managers.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"120 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138988184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, Poland has witnessed a gradual increase of foreign cultures, which is inextricably linked to a new challenge for educational institutions. On the one hand, schools have to face the influx of students for whom the Polish language and culture is not their mother tongue; on the other hand, they have to prepare Polish students for encounters with elements of culture other than their own, i.e. language, customs, traditions or religion. The article presents the results of a Polish-Icelandic research project, the aim of which was to learn the views of students of early childhood education on multiculturalism. Quantitative (diagnostic survey) and qualitative (content analysis) methods were used in the research. The research group consisted of 141 students, 71 from Poland and 70 from Iceland. The research was conducted from June 2022 to March 2023. The results showed that both the place of residence and the educational experience (Iceland has successfully applied systemic solutions to the integration of foreigners for many years) have a significant impact on how students understand and define multiculturalism. Of interest to the researchers were the analyses showing that, regardless of their place of residence, children of early school age are characterised by an open attitude towards intercultural contacts. Early school children are curious about other cultures, they want to exchange experiences and develop their knowledge in the field of intercultural education.
{"title":"Multiculturalism from the perspective of early childhood education students in Poland and Iceland","authors":"Teresa Parczewska, Justyna Sala-Suszyńska, Ewa Sosnowska-Bielicz","doi":"10.15219/em100.1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1621","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, Poland has witnessed a gradual increase of foreign cultures, which is inextricably linked to a new challenge for educational institutions. On the one hand, schools have to face the influx of students for whom the Polish language and culture is not their mother tongue; on the other hand, they have to prepare Polish students for encounters with elements of culture other than their own, i.e. language, customs, traditions or religion. The article presents the results of a Polish-Icelandic research project, the aim of which was to learn the views of students of early childhood education on multiculturalism. Quantitative (diagnostic survey) and qualitative (content analysis) methods were used in the research. The research group consisted of 141 students, 71 from Poland and 70 from Iceland. The research was conducted from June 2022 to March 2023. The results showed that both the place of residence and the educational experience (Iceland has successfully applied systemic solutions to the integration of foreigners for many years) have a significant impact on how students understand and define multiculturalism. Of interest to the researchers were the analyses showing that, regardless of their place of residence, children of early school age are characterised by an open attitude towards intercultural contacts. Early school children are curious about other cultures, they want to exchange experiences and develop their knowledge in the field of intercultural education.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"543 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to identify positive and negative consequences of inclusion of managers and other practitioners in scientific research in management and quality science. The article presents the results of qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews conducted with forty scientists. The results show that positive consequences of inclusion of managers and other practitioners in scientific research include the possibility of confirming the researcher’s findings, obtaining a broader view of the research problem, being provided with ideas for conducting scientific research, formulating research questions, making scientific language more accessible for people outside academia, the utilitarian and practical application of research, better creating research tools, accessing resources, collecting research data, involvement in interpretation and, subsequently, writing research reports, and commercializing research results. On the other hand, the negative consequences are the perceived lack of benefits from including managers and other practitioners in scientific research in the research process, the lack of opportunity to involve society in all scientific problems, organizational reluctance due to lack of benefits, pressure from organizations concerning the final form of results, difficulty in understanding the specifics of research by managers and other practitioners in scientific research, cost and time consumption, researcher subjectivity, and the risk of violating methodological rigor and intellectual property rights.
{"title":"Inclusion of managers and other practitioners in scientific research (pros and cons)","authors":"Regina Lenart-Gansiniec","doi":"10.15219/em100.1615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1615","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to identify positive and negative consequences of inclusion of managers and other practitioners in scientific research in management and quality science. The article presents the results of qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews conducted with forty scientists. The results show that positive consequences of inclusion of managers and other practitioners in scientific research include the possibility of confirming the researcher’s findings, obtaining a broader view of the research problem, being provided with ideas for conducting scientific research, formulating research questions, making scientific language more accessible for people outside academia, the utilitarian and practical application of research, better creating research tools, accessing resources, collecting research data, involvement in interpretation and, subsequently, writing research reports, and commercializing research results. On the other hand, the negative consequences are the perceived lack of benefits from including managers and other practitioners in scientific research in the research process, the lack of opportunity to involve society in all scientific problems, organizational reluctance due to lack of benefits, pressure from organizations concerning the final form of results, difficulty in understanding the specifics of research by managers and other practitioners in scientific research, cost and time consumption, researcher subjectivity, and the risk of violating methodological rigor and intellectual property rights.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"296 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, (VUCA), are inherent features of the operations of every enterprise. The central research query of this article is how to utilize these attributes of the corporate environment, which inherently pose challenges, as opportunities for enterprise development. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, using an IT enterprise as an example, that a thorough analysis of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity can help to identify essential competencies, enabling threats to be transformed into opportunities for corporate enhancement. This paper was developed employing a qualitative approach, incorporating the participant observation of one of the authors, using tools that allow a comprehensive diagnosis of the enterprise in question from a VUCA perspective and evaluating the competencies that will aid in turning threats into opportunities. The diagnosis commences with a succinct review of global literature relating to organizations in the VUCA world. The research methods and tools utilized in this paper could also serve as valuable resources for diagnosing other enterprises.
{"title":"New challenges, new solutions: How does an IT company navigate in the VUCA era?","authors":"Jakub Majewski, K. Leja","doi":"10.15219/em100.1614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1614","url":null,"abstract":"Volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, (VUCA), are inherent features of the operations of every enterprise. The central research query of this article is how to utilize these attributes of the corporate environment, which inherently pose challenges, as opportunities for enterprise development. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate, using an IT enterprise as an example, that a thorough analysis of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity can help to identify essential competencies, enabling threats to be transformed into opportunities for corporate enhancement. This paper was developed employing a qualitative approach, incorporating the participant observation of one of the authors, using tools that allow a comprehensive diagnosis of the enterprise in question from a VUCA perspective and evaluating the competencies that will aid in turning threats into opportunities. The diagnosis commences with a succinct review of global literature relating to organizations in the VUCA world. The research methods and tools utilized in this paper could also serve as valuable resources for diagnosing other enterprises.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"126 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139023733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) is the management of knowledge and innovative initiatives centered around the customer’s knowledge and innovative potential. It aims to acquire knowledge about the customer and customer knowledge, and develop it through integration with the company’s knowledge. Additionally, it involves providing knowledge to the customer to satisfy their needs and co-creating new knowledge with the customer to enhance business operations and create innovative solutions, such as products. This article presents the essence and functions of CKM, the importance of customer-related knowledge, levels of customer integration with the company, and the specifics of knowledge transfer processes. The pragmatic element of this article focuses on identifying tools that can be applied in CKM to facilitate knowledge transfer between the organization and its customers. The usefulness of tools such as direct contacts, knowledge repositories, Customer Service Workbench, Web 2.0, wikinomics, crowdsourcing, mutual production, open innovation, and communities of practice is characterized.
{"title":"Knowledge transfer and instrumentalization of its implementation in customer knowledge management","authors":"B. Mikuła","doi":"10.15219/em100.1619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1619","url":null,"abstract":"Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) is the management of knowledge and innovative initiatives centered around the customer’s knowledge and innovative potential. It aims to acquire knowledge about the customer and customer knowledge, and develop it through integration with the company’s knowledge. Additionally, it involves providing knowledge to the customer to satisfy their needs and co-creating new knowledge with the customer to enhance business operations and create innovative solutions, such as products. This article presents the essence and functions of CKM, the importance of customer-related knowledge, levels of customer integration with the company, and the specifics of knowledge transfer processes. The pragmatic element of this article focuses on identifying tools that can be applied in CKM to facilitate knowledge transfer between the organization and its customers. The usefulness of tools such as direct contacts, knowledge repositories, Customer Service Workbench, Web 2.0, wikinomics, crowdsourcing, mutual production, open innovation, and communities of practice is characterized.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social media are perceived as one of the most important marketing tools to reach and communicate with customers. The article concerns the activity of banks in social media and the interest of customers in the content published on those media. The aim of the research is to diagnose the usage of social media in marketing communication of the largest banks in Poland. The article is a preliminary assessment of marketing activities carried out by banks in social media and the reception of these activities by stakeholders in the form of customer interest in banks’ profiles in these media. To achieve the article’s purpose, the desk research method was to analyze the existing data, which included statistical data and available literature. The profiles of selected banks in social media were also reviewed and inductive reasoning was used in the conducted considerations. The conducted research confirmed a much lower interest in bank profiles compared to enterprises from other industries. This is determined by the specificity of banking services and divergent expectations of Internet users and bank representatives. While banks strive to create a community around the brand and a group of its advocates, consumers are looking for measurable benefits in the form of various types of special offers. Every year, banks show more and more activity in social media, however, the scale of the interaction of profile followers is not commensurate with the banks’ efforts. The effectiveness of social networking sites in achieving marketing goals is lower than banks expect.
{"title":"Social media in the marketing activity of banks in Poland","authors":"Agnieszka Ertman","doi":"10.15219/em100.1616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1616","url":null,"abstract":"Social media are perceived as one of the most important marketing tools to reach and communicate with customers. The article concerns the activity of banks in social media and the interest of customers in the content published on those media. The aim of the research is to diagnose the usage of social media in marketing communication of the largest banks in Poland. The article is a preliminary assessment of marketing activities carried out by banks in social media and the reception of these activities by stakeholders in the form of customer interest in banks’ profiles in these media. To achieve the article’s purpose, the desk research method was to analyze the existing data, which included statistical data and available literature. The profiles of selected banks in social media were also reviewed and inductive reasoning was used in the conducted considerations. The conducted research confirmed a much lower interest in bank profiles compared to enterprises from other industries. This is determined by the specificity of banking services and divergent expectations of Internet users and bank representatives. While banks strive to create a community around the brand and a group of its advocates, consumers are looking for measurable benefits in the form of various types of special offers. Every year, banks show more and more activity in social media, however, the scale of the interaction of profile followers is not commensurate with the banks’ efforts. The effectiveness of social networking sites in achieving marketing goals is lower than banks expect.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"163 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article proposes the application of generative technologies, specifically large language models, in higher education. While such technologies present novel opportunities, at the same time, they raise concerns, including potential cognitive degradation, job displacement, and intellectual property issues. The first section of this paper introduces the essential concepts and methods of generative technologies, coupled with a discussion on the necessary competencies to fully harness their potential. The next section suggests an addition to usual teaching methods, using the ‘Artificial Intelligence in Business’ course as an example. This proposed enhancement incorporates a review of student work outcomes by systems powered by large language models. The underlying didactic principles of the course, sample system reports, and an illustrative diagram of the teaching process are presented. The paper concludes by contemplating the possible advantages and challenges posed by these technologies in pedagogy, along with recommendations for future research.
{"title":"Generative technologies in higher education – assessment of the current state, essential skills, and a proposal for a didactic method","authors":"Andrzej Wodecki","doi":"10.15219/em100.1617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1617","url":null,"abstract":"This article proposes the application of generative technologies, specifically large language models, in higher education. While such technologies present novel opportunities, at the same time, they raise concerns, including potential cognitive degradation, job displacement, and intellectual property issues. The first section of this paper introduces the essential concepts and methods of generative technologies, coupled with a discussion on the necessary competencies to fully harness their potential. The next section suggests an addition to usual teaching methods, using the ‘Artificial Intelligence in Business’ course as an example. This proposed enhancement incorporates a review of student work outcomes by systems powered by large language models. The underlying didactic principles of the course, sample system reports, and an illustrative diagram of the teaching process are presented. The paper concludes by contemplating the possible advantages and challenges posed by these technologies in pedagogy, along with recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"253 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The number of studies investigating different aspects of the use of virtual reality and VR goggles is constantly growing. However, there is currently a lack of analyses related to the visual memory of resources learned in immersive VR. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the level of memorisation of visual elements presented using VR headsets or a traditional computer. The study involved 120 students divided into three equal groups. In the first group, the participants used VR goggles and the presentation was supervised by a lecturer who drew attention to key elements and monitored the pace of the action. In the second group, users worked entirely on their own with the VR headsets, and in the third group they watched a narrated presentation on a computer screen. The main research objective was to determine the differences in the amount of elements memorised between the study groups. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data. The ANOVA analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant difference between all groups. The highest level of memorisation of visual elements was recorded in the group using VR goggles and supervised by a guide. The lowest was in the group that used VR headsets alone. Participants in the study noted that immersive VR is so fascinating that it is difficult for them to supervise their own time and activity in a way that ensures success. As a result, 70% of people working alone with VR goggles did not manage to familiarise themselves with all the material.
{"title":"Experiencing virtual reality and visual memory","authors":"Kamila Majewska","doi":"10.15219/em100.1620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em100.1620","url":null,"abstract":"The number of studies investigating different aspects of the use of virtual reality and VR goggles is constantly growing. However, there is currently a lack of analyses related to the visual memory of resources learned in immersive VR. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the level of memorisation of visual elements presented using VR headsets or a traditional computer. The study involved 120 students divided into three equal groups. In the first group, the participants used VR goggles and the presentation was supervised by a lecturer who drew attention to key elements and monitored the pace of the action. In the second group, users worked entirely on their own with the VR headsets, and in the third group they watched a narrated presentation on a computer screen. The main research objective was to determine the differences in the amount of elements memorised between the study groups. The study used both quantitative and qualitative data. The ANOVA analysis of variance showed that there was a statistically significant difference between all groups. The highest level of memorisation of visual elements was recorded in the group using VR goggles and supervised by a guide. The lowest was in the group that used VR headsets alone. Participants in the study noted that immersive VR is so fascinating that it is difficult for them to supervise their own time and activity in a way that ensures success. As a result, 70% of people working alone with VR goggles did not manage to familiarise themselves with all the material.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139021059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of health care is an important element of the economic and social life of every country in the world combining demographic, economic and epidemiological, ethical and social challenges. Spending on the development of new therapies has been increasing over the past two decades, and the amount of drugs approved by regulatory agencies has remained stable. Literature does not provide adequate knowledge about the reasons of the productivity drop that impacts the competitive advantage of the companies taking part in the project’s race to the market (Schuhmacher et al., 2022), and it therefore seems crucial to analyse the factors determining high productivity of the pharmaceutical industry to adjust further actions ensuring the highest quality of health care systems, focusing on the wellbeing of the patient and the development of increasingly safer medicines. To address this need the author performed systematic literature review followed by structured interviews with 14 experts working globally in the field of drug development to determine productivity factors in drug discovery research and development projects, with the goal of answering questions related to which factors play a key role in the productivity of scientific organisations and the relationship between the factors, providing an insight into which parts of drug discovery ecosystem can increase a chance to address highly unmet medical needs of patients waiting for novel, safe and effective forms of treatment. As a result of the research 22 key productivity factors were defined and clustered into 4 categories: scientific, managerial, business, environmental and relations between the factors were discussed.
{"title":"Key productivity factors in drug discovery and development projects","authors":"M. Marciniak","doi":"10.15219/em99.1612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em99.1612","url":null,"abstract":"The field of health care is an important element of the economic and social life of every country in the world combining demographic, economic and epidemiological, ethical and social challenges. Spending on the development of new therapies has been increasing over the past two decades, and the amount of drugs approved by regulatory agencies has remained stable. Literature does not provide adequate knowledge about the reasons of the productivity drop that impacts the competitive advantage of the companies taking part in the project’s race to the market (Schuhmacher et al., 2022), and it therefore seems crucial to analyse the factors determining high productivity of the pharmaceutical industry to adjust further actions ensuring the highest quality of health care systems, focusing on the wellbeing of the patient and the development of increasingly safer medicines. To address this need the author performed systematic literature review followed by structured interviews with 14 experts working globally in the field of drug development to determine productivity factors in drug discovery research and development projects, with the goal of answering questions related to which factors play a key role in the productivity of scientific organisations and the relationship between the factors, providing an insight into which parts of drug discovery ecosystem can increase a chance to address highly unmet medical needs of patients waiting for novel, safe and effective forms of treatment. As a result of the research 22 key productivity factors were defined and clustered into 4 categories: scientific, managerial, business, environmental and relations between the factors were discussed.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46908613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on determining the differences between economic value added (EVA), net operating profit after tax (NOPAT), earnings before interest and taxes (EBITDA), and net income or loss for non-financial business entities operating in the Republic of Croatia in the period 2002–2021. The main objective of this paper is to determine whether non-financial activities create economic value added, and rank them according to selected indicators based on EVA. Research results indicate that there were only 27 out of 309 cases where EVA was positive, indicating that only the information and communication sector generated, on average, positive EVA during this twenty-year period. Positive EVA was generated in certain years in companies conducting human health and social work activities, education, mining, and quarrying, as well as in wholesale and retail trade activities, but the average EVA for this twenty-year period in these sectors was negative. At the same time, net income was achieved in 246 cases, and NOPAT in 285. Meanwhile, EBITDA was positive in all cases, demonstrating an obvious discrepancy between EVA and other financial performance measures. Correlation analysis results indicate that there is a statistically significant moderate correlation between EVA and net income/loss, although the correlation is generally stronger between EVA and EBITDA-based indicators. According to research results, the answer to the question in the title of this paper is negative, emphasizing the possibilities of intensive introduction of EVA as a financial performance indicator.
{"title":"Do companies that generate profits make economic value added?","authors":"Robert Zenzerović","doi":"10.15219/em99.1611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em99.1611","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on determining the differences between economic value added (EVA), net operating profit after tax (NOPAT), earnings before interest and taxes (EBITDA), and net income or loss for non-financial business entities operating in the Republic of Croatia in the period 2002–2021. The main objective of this paper is to determine whether non-financial activities create economic value added, and rank them according to selected indicators based on EVA. Research results indicate that there were only 27 out of 309 cases where EVA was positive, indicating that only the information and communication sector generated, on average, positive EVA during this twenty-year period. Positive EVA was generated in certain years in companies conducting human health and social work activities, education, mining, and quarrying, as well as in wholesale and retail trade activities, but the average EVA for this twenty-year period in these sectors was negative. At the same time, net income was achieved in 246 cases, and NOPAT in 285. Meanwhile, EBITDA was positive in all cases, demonstrating an obvious discrepancy between EVA and other financial performance measures. Correlation analysis results indicate that there is a statistically significant moderate correlation between EVA and net income/loss, although the correlation is generally stronger between EVA and EBITDA-based indicators. According to research results, the answer to the question in the title of this paper is negative, emphasizing the possibilities of intensive introduction of EVA as a financial performance indicator.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47994007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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