The growing importance of the cooperation between enterprises and universities stems from the continuous search for new development sources and the need to ensure sustainable competitive advantages. However, research on the role of universities for service enterprises is still relatively rare. This article aims to identify the scope and character of cooperation between enterprises and universities, as well as the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards such cooperation. Based on empirical research carried out on the sample of 383 enterprises from the tourism industry, it was found that relatively high involvement (declared by 54.6% of entities) in relations with universities results mainly from the fact that they are based on less complex forms of transfer such as student internships or participation in conferences. It was also identified that the size and operating time significantly differentiate the use of academic knowledge in enterprises. The results show that service companies have a positive perception of cooperation with universities and definitely more often recognise the advantages of such collaboration. The most important of them is the increase in the employees' competences and image improvement due to universities' contacts. Intensifying the benefits of cooperation requires an increase in the importance of more advanced knowledge transfer mechanisms such as commissioned research or spin-off companies.
{"title":"Współpraca przedsiębiorstw turystycznych z uczelniami - wyniki badania empiryczneg","authors":"M. Olszewski","doi":"10.15219/em89.1509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em89.1509","url":null,"abstract":"The growing importance of the cooperation between enterprises and universities stems from the continuous search for new development sources and the need to ensure sustainable competitive advantages. However, research on the role of universities for service enterprises is still relatively rare. This article aims to identify the scope and character of cooperation between enterprises and universities, as well as the attitudes of entrepreneurs towards such cooperation. Based on empirical research carried out on the sample of 383 enterprises from the tourism industry, it was found that relatively high involvement (declared by 54.6% of entities) in relations with universities results mainly from the fact that they are based on less complex forms of transfer such as student internships or participation in conferences. It was also identified that the size and operating time significantly differentiate the use of academic knowledge in enterprises. The results show that service companies have a positive perception of cooperation with universities and definitely more often recognise the advantages of such collaboration. The most important of them is the increase in the employees' competences and image improvement due to universities' contacts. Intensifying the benefits of cooperation requires an increase in the importance of more advanced knowledge transfer mechanisms such as commissioned research or spin-off companies.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41491551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article addresses the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), which concerns extensive collaboration between different actors at all stages of the R&D process and emphasises the prevention of the potential negative impact of innovations. RRI has been incorporated as a key concept of Horizon 2020, the European Commission’s framework programme for 2014–2020. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it serves to present and explain the concept of RRI. Secondly, it aims to describe the degree of familiarity and practical implementation of the RRI concept in the Polish innovation system among scientific and business institutions and formulate training needs in this area. Research questions have been answered based on in-depth interviews conducted with representatives of various institutions of the Polish innovation system. The study results show that despite the lack of familiarity with the definition of RRI, similar concepts are known, and practices concerning particular aspects of RRI, including ethics, public engagement and gender equality, are implemented to some extent. Finally, the most critical barriers to the implementation of the RRI concept have been identified.
{"title":"Odpowiedzialne Badania i Innowacje - koncepcja i zakres jej stosowania w obszarach zaangażowania społecznego, równości płci i etyki","authors":"Alicja Dańkowska","doi":"10.15219/EM88.1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/EM88.1508","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the concept of Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), which concerns extensive collaboration between different actors at all stages of the R&D process and emphasises the prevention of the potential negative impact of innovations. RRI has been incorporated as a key concept of Horizon 2020, the European Commission’s framework programme for 2014–2020. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, it serves to present and explain the concept of RRI. Secondly, it aims to describe the degree of familiarity and practical implementation of the RRI concept in the Polish innovation system among scientific and business institutions and formulate training needs in this area. Research questions have been answered based on in-depth interviews conducted with representatives of various institutions of the Polish innovation system. The study results show that despite the lack of familiarity with the definition of RRI, similar concepts are known, and practices concerning particular aspects of RRI, including ethics, public engagement and gender equality, are implemented to some extent. Finally, the most critical barriers to the implementation of the RRI concept have been identified.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45342100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organizations differ in terms of the soundscapes they shape. The workplace soundscape, i.e., the sound environment of the employee, is not only an element of organizational culture but, above all, a tool for stimulating or inhibiting the activity of employees still insufficiently recognized by organizational and management researchers. In the light of the issues outlined in this way, the article deals with the characteristics of the soundscape in an open-plan office space, which is specific due to the potential number of various sound sources spreading in the work environment without clear acoustic barriers. The article aims to discuss examples of the functioning of employees in a specific sound environment and to indicate the proposed research directions on the soundscape of the workplace in an open-plan office. The article is theoretical and empirical. The first stage of the research interview covered an analysis of the literature on the soundscape of various workspaces. Then the employees’ utterances on social media about the sounds that accompany their work were analyzed. And last but not least the interviews with employees of the real estate service department of one of the Polish corporations about the soundscape of the office space they manage were the subject of analysis. The survey shows that the workplace soundscape is not only a matter of the employees’ sense of aesthetics. Studying the sounds of work can be an impulse for in-depth research on the organizational climate and a starting point for creating workspace management programs.
{"title":"Audiosfera środowiska pracy w przestrzeni biurowej na planie otwartym. Wyniki zwiadu badawczego","authors":"Patrycja Mizera-Pęczek","doi":"10.15219/EM88.1512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/EM88.1512","url":null,"abstract":"Organizations differ in terms of the soundscapes they shape. The workplace soundscape, i.e., the sound environment of the employee, is not only an element of organizational culture but, above all, a tool for stimulating or inhibiting the activity of employees still insufficiently recognized by organizational and management researchers. In the light of the issues outlined in this way, the article deals with the characteristics of the soundscape in an open-plan office space, which is specific due to the potential number of various sound sources spreading in the work environment without clear acoustic barriers. The article aims to discuss examples of the functioning of employees in a specific sound environment and to indicate the proposed research directions on the soundscape of the workplace in an open-plan office. The article is theoretical and empirical. The first stage of the research interview covered an analysis of the literature on the soundscape of various workspaces. Then the employees’ utterances on social media about the sounds that accompany their work were analyzed. And last but not least the interviews with employees of the real estate service department of one of the Polish corporations about the soundscape of the office space they manage were the subject of analysis. The survey shows that the workplace soundscape is not only a matter of the employees’ sense of aesthetics. Studying the sounds of work can be an impulse for in-depth research on the organizational climate and a starting point for creating workspace management programs.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46752906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article concerns the self-awareness of diagnostic competence of early childhood education teachers in the field of identifying students' risk of facing specific difficulties in learning mathematics. Modern times impose on the teacher increasingly complex tasks, requiring new professional competence, which includes incorporating new teaching methods, methodological considerations, and new professional performance quality. That, in turn, raises the questions concerning the state of preparation of early childhood education teachers to recognize and meet the developmental and educational needs of the student resulting from specific difficulties in learning mathematics as well as the competencies they need and should develop. The overriding goal of the author's research was to find answers to these questions using the diagnostic survey method with the survey technique conducted among 112 early childhood education teachers. In this article, only one aspect of the research is presented, which refers to teachers' self-awareness of the discussed competences. Based on the conducted study, we can conclude that the examined teachers of early education feel prepared to conduct pedagogical activities aimed at recognizing in their students the risk of developing specific difficulties in learning mathematics.
{"title":"Samoświadomość nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji w kontekście diagnozowania dyskalkulii rozwojowej","authors":"Anna Szkolak-Stępień","doi":"10.15219/EM88.1514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/EM88.1514","url":null,"abstract":"The article concerns the self-awareness of diagnostic competence of early childhood education teachers in the field of identifying students' risk of facing specific difficulties in learning mathematics. Modern times impose on the teacher increasingly complex tasks, requiring new professional competence, which includes incorporating new teaching methods, methodological considerations, and new professional performance quality. That, in turn, raises the questions concerning the state of preparation of early childhood education teachers to recognize and meet the developmental and educational needs of the student resulting from specific difficulties in learning mathematics as well as the competencies they need and should develop. The overriding goal of the author's research was to find answers to these questions using the diagnostic survey method with the survey technique conducted among 112 early childhood education teachers. In this article, only one aspect of the research is presented, which refers to teachers' self-awareness of the discussed competences. Based on the conducted study, we can conclude that the examined teachers of early education feel prepared to conduct pedagogical activities aimed at recognizing in their students the risk of developing specific difficulties in learning mathematics.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48433300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After several years of discussions on the future shape of higher education in Poland, both at the systemic and institutional level, on July 20, 2018, “The Law on Higher Education and Science,” from now on referred to as the Law, was enacted. Together with a package of ordinances, this regulation broadened the autonomy of universities in terms of organization and management while substantiating the importance of their accountability. Strengthening the rector’s authority resulted in a change in the perception of universities as dispersed organizations (Weick, 1976) towards compact organizations (Brunsson and Sahlin-Andersson, 2000). The authors noticed that the concept of the university, in line with the letter and spirit of the Law, does not pay due attention to the relations between university employees. Therefore, the article aims to present a proposal to implement the elements of the turquoise organization concept (Laloux, 2015), which is more and more often described in the scientific literature – and at the same time evokes extreme emotions – into an academic institution. The article indicates the unused, in the authors’ opinion, possibilities of organizational and management changes created by the Law and describes selected features of the turquoise organization, relating them to an academic institution. It also compares the characteristics of a traditional university, entrepreneurial, and a university with a shade of turquoise. The research part analyzes interviews with deliberately selected employees of the Gdańsk University of Technology. During individual conversations, they expressed their opinions on new organizational and management solutions proposed by the article’s co-author. In summary, an attempt was made to answer the question formulated in the title.
{"title":"Uczelnia organizacją w odcieniu turkusu - szansa czy iluzja?","authors":"Krzysztof Leja, A. Pawlak","doi":"10.15219/em88.1507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em88.1507","url":null,"abstract":"After several years of discussions on the future shape of higher education in Poland, both at the systemic and institutional level, on July 20, 2018, “The Law on Higher Education and Science,” from now on referred to as the Law, was enacted. Together with a package of ordinances, this regulation broadened the autonomy of universities in terms of organization and management while substantiating the importance of their accountability. Strengthening the rector’s authority resulted in a change in the perception of universities as dispersed organizations (Weick, 1976) towards compact organizations (Brunsson and Sahlin-Andersson, 2000). The authors noticed that the concept of the university, in line with the letter and spirit of the Law, does not pay due attention to the relations between university employees. Therefore, the article aims to present a proposal to implement the elements of the turquoise organization concept (Laloux, 2015), which is more and more often described in the scientific literature – and at the same time evokes extreme emotions – into an academic institution. The article indicates the unused, in the authors’ opinion, possibilities of organizational and management changes created by the Law and describes selected features of the turquoise organization, relating them to an academic institution. It also compares the characteristics of a traditional university, entrepreneurial, and a university with a shade of turquoise. The research part analyzes interviews with deliberately selected employees of the Gdańsk University of Technology. During individual conversations, they expressed their opinions on new organizational and management solutions proposed by the article’s co-author. In summary, an attempt was made to answer the question formulated in the title.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42071808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The goal of the publication is to present the state of research and works carried out in Poland on the issue of automatic text summarization. The author describes principal theoretical and methodological issues related to automatic summary generation followed by the outline of the selected works on the automatic abstracting of Polish texts. The author also provides three examples of IT tools that generate summaries of texts in Polish (Summarize, Resoomer, and NICOLAS) and their characteristics derived from the conducted experiment, which included quality assessment of generated summaries using ROUGE-N metrics. The results of both actions showed a deficiency of tools allowing to automatically create summaries of Polish texts, especially in the abstractive approach. Most of the proposed solutions are based on the extractive method, which uses parts of the original text to create its abstract. There is also a shortage of tools generating one common summary of many text documents and specialized tools generating summaries of documents related to specific subject areas. Moreover, it is necessary to intensify works on creating the corpora of Polish-language text summaries, which the computer scientists could apply to evaluate their newly developed tools.
{"title":"Narzędzia do automatycznego streszczania tekstów w języku polskim. Stan badań naukowych i prac wdrożeniowych","authors":"Piotr Glenc","doi":"10.15219/EM88.1513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/EM88.1513","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the publication is to present the state of research and works carried out in Poland on the issue of automatic text summarization. The author describes principal theoretical and methodological issues related to automatic summary generation followed by the outline of the selected works on the automatic abstracting of Polish texts. The author also provides three examples of IT tools that generate summaries of texts in Polish (Summarize, Resoomer, and NICOLAS) and their characteristics derived from the conducted experiment, which included quality assessment of generated summaries using ROUGE-N metrics. The results of both actions showed a deficiency of tools allowing to automatically create summaries of Polish texts, especially in the abstractive approach. Most of the proposed solutions are based on the extractive method, which uses parts of the original text to create its abstract. There is also a shortage of tools generating one common summary of many text documents and specialized tools generating summaries of documents related to specific subject areas. Moreover, it is necessary to intensify works on creating the corpora of Polish-language text summaries, which the computer scientists could apply to evaluate their newly developed tools.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to show the benefits of the systematic use of patent information in management. The author describes the most important patent information databases - both publicly available and commercial ones. Several guidelines have been presented to facilitate the use of patent information databases by applying different types of patent classification. The article indicates the vital role of the information in patent databases and proves that intellectual property management should be included in every CEO’s agenda.
{"title":"Rosnąca rola informacji patentowej w zarządzaniu","authors":"M. Strojny","doi":"10.15219/EM88.1511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/EM88.1511","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to show the benefits of the systematic use of patent information in management. The author describes the most important patent information databases - both publicly available and commercial ones. Several guidelines have been presented to facilitate the use of patent information databases by applying different types of patent classification. The article indicates the vital role of the information in patent databases and proves that intellectual property management should be included in every CEO’s agenda.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46992064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The data collected in the national system of monitoring the economic position of graduates (ELA) allows for the analysis of graduates’ preparation for the labor market requirements. They also make it possible to rank universities according to the described in the article criterion, using the synthetic information on employment and earnings indicators. This article presents the analysis of graduates of universities that conduct a uniform Master’s degree in law studies. It has also been shown that the order based on data from the ELA system is consistent with the ranking published annually by Perspektywy.
{"title":"Próba rankingu uczelni kształcących na kierunku prawo na podstawie oceny sytuacji ich absolwentów na rynku pracy","authors":"Marek Rocki","doi":"10.15219/EM88.1515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/EM88.1515","url":null,"abstract":"The data collected in the national system of monitoring the economic position of graduates (ELA) allows for the analysis of graduates’ preparation for the labor market requirements. They also make it possible to rank universities according to the described in the article criterion, using the synthetic information on employment and earnings indicators. This article presents the analysis of graduates of universities that conduct a uniform Master’s degree in law studies. It has also been shown that the order based on data from the ELA system is consistent with the ranking published annually by Perspektywy.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43548801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article deals with using game mechanisms (gamification) to increase students' motivation and involvement in remote educational activities. Distance learning has become the dominant form of learning at various levels of education during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is very likely that also in the future, remote courses will constitute a considerable part of the educational offer of universities as well as other educational institutions. Along with the popularization and mass implementation of distance learning, the role of educators and the importance of their digital competences increased. In a relatively short time, teachers and educators had to adapt the course content and materials to the needs and technical possibilities of distance learning. One of the greatest challenges was maintaining the participants' involvement and motivation in remote classes, supported by gamification. This article aims to explain the concept of gamification and discuss game mechanisms along with their possible applications in distance education. The author discusses the effectiveness of gamification in light of selected psychological theories in the context of distance learning and its technological conditions. The article provides examples of selected applications and platforms that may help gamify remote classes at the higher education level.
{"title":"Możliwości wykorzystania grywalizacji w zdalnej edukacji","authors":"A. Para","doi":"10.15219/em88.1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em88.1499","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with using game mechanisms (gamification) to increase students' motivation and involvement in remote educational activities. Distance learning has become the dominant form of learning at various levels of education during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is very likely that also in the future, remote courses will constitute a considerable part of the educational offer of universities as well as other educational institutions. Along with the popularization and mass implementation of distance learning, the role of educators and the importance of their digital competences increased. In a relatively short time, teachers and educators had to adapt the course content and materials to the needs and technical possibilities of distance learning. One of the greatest challenges was maintaining the participants' involvement and motivation in remote classes, supported by gamification. This article aims to explain the concept of gamification and discuss game mechanisms along with their possible applications in distance education. The author discusses the effectiveness of gamification in light of selected psychological theories in the context of distance learning and its technological conditions. The article provides examples of selected applications and platforms that may help gamify remote classes at the higher education level.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67328946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper addresses the issues of relationships in distance education. These problems are important because good relationships are among the key determinants of both the quality of education and learning outcomes. The new educational conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have become a threat to building and strengthening the school community's relationships. The need to switch to distance education from one day to the next was a huge challenge for teachers, students, and parents. Initially, teachers focused mainly on technical issues and finding ways to implement core curricula. There was a risk that in distance education, where contact is mediated, it would be difficult for teachers to foster relationships. Furthermore, taking care of students' psychological needs, including the need for relationships, should be a priority in these conditions to provide an antidote to the psychological difficulties associated with isolation and online learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the importance attached by early school education teachers to relationships as well as how and to what extent they build and maintain relationships and create a community in distance education. The research was conducted using the interview method and included early school education teachers. The results obtained represent examples of good practice in fostering relationships while teaching online.
{"title":"Budowanie i wzmacnianie relacji w edukacji zdalnej przez nauczycieli młodszych klas szkoły podstawowej","authors":"J. Wiśniewska, Joanna Łukasiewicz-Wieleba","doi":"10.15219/em88.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em88.1501","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the issues of relationships in distance education. These problems are important because good relationships are among the key determinants of both the quality of education and learning outcomes. The new educational conditions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have become a threat to building and strengthening the school community's relationships. The need to switch to distance education from one day to the next was a huge challenge for teachers, students, and parents. Initially, teachers focused mainly on technical issues and finding ways to implement core curricula. There was a risk that in distance education, where contact is mediated, it would be difficult for teachers to foster relationships. Furthermore, taking care of students' psychological needs, including the need for relationships, should be a priority in these conditions to provide an antidote to the psychological difficulties associated with isolation and online learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the importance attached by early school education teachers to relationships as well as how and to what extent they build and maintain relationships and create a community in distance education. The research was conducted using the interview method and included early school education teachers. The results obtained represent examples of good practice in fostering relationships while teaching online.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67329001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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