Barbara Grabińska, M. Andrzejewski, Konrad Grabiński
The application of computer-based technologies in academic education has at least three decades of history and experience. In some study fields, it has been present since the very beginning, while in others it has become a necessity only in recent years. The ongoing technological revolution is disrupting the traditional professions with fundamental changes and – in some cases – even with the threat of disappearance of jobs. The finance and accounting professions are expected to undergo a technological change in the near future. While the changes are visible at the corporate level, university education seems to lag one step behind. We conducted a study among the students and graduates of the finance and accounting line of studies at the Cracow University of Economics. Using regression analysis, we investigate the perception of the usefulness of courses providing knowledge on new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI). We use a unique Polish setting, which is a leader in terms of outsourcing services. Our findings show that both students and graduates are aware of the importance of technological change. The courses teaching basic subjects are essential, but the current expectations are much higher in terms of the application of new technology based on AI in finance and accounting.
{"title":"The students' and graduates' perception of the potential usefulness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the academic curricula of Finance and Accounting Courses","authors":"Barbara Grabińska, M. Andrzejewski, Konrad Grabiński","doi":"10.15219/em92.1544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em92.1544","url":null,"abstract":"The application of computer-based technologies in academic education has at least three decades of history and experience. In some study fields, it has been present since the very beginning, while in others it has become a necessity only in recent years. The ongoing technological revolution is disrupting the traditional professions with fundamental changes and – in some cases – even with the threat of disappearance of jobs. The finance and accounting professions are expected to undergo a technological change in the near future. While the changes are visible at the corporate level, university education seems to lag one step behind. We conducted a study among the students and graduates of the finance and accounting line of studies at the Cracow University of Economics. Using regression analysis, we investigate the perception of the usefulness of courses providing knowledge on new technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI). We use a unique Polish setting, which is a leader in terms of outsourcing services. Our findings show that both students and graduates are aware of the importance of technological change. The courses teaching basic subjects are essential, but the current expectations are much higher in terms of the application of new technology based on AI in finance and accounting.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47195825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olga Smalej, Zofia Kawczyńska-Butrym, R. Mącik, Viktoriya Pantyley
The article attempts to diagnose the behavior of young people on the financial market in terms of saving and investing money. The study was carried out using the CAWI method on the random sample of 261 students aged 17-18, attending the 2nd grade of general secondary schools and technical secondary schools in selected counties of the Lubelskie Voivodeship. Research results showed that the average amount of savings currently held by the respondents is PLN 5,829. Most often, savings are accumulated at home (54% of respondents); almost one-third of respondents also have a savings account. More than 70% of them set a goal for themselves when they save money; the most common is purchasing a certain product or hobby-related expenses. Young people invest funds rarely, although a noticeable group of respondents makes such attempts at an early age.
{"title":"Zachowania młodych konsumentów na rynku finansowym w aspekcie oszczędzania i inwestowania pieniędzy - wyniki badania ankietowego","authors":"Olga Smalej, Zofia Kawczyńska-Butrym, R. Mącik, Viktoriya Pantyley","doi":"10.15219/em91.1532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1532","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to diagnose the behavior of young people on the financial market in terms of saving and investing money. The study was carried out using the CAWI method on the random sample of 261 students aged 17-18, attending the 2nd grade of general secondary schools and technical secondary schools in selected counties of the Lubelskie Voivodeship. Research results showed that the average amount of savings currently held by the respondents is PLN 5,829. Most often, savings are accumulated at home (54% of respondents); almost one-third of respondents also have a savings account. More than 70% of them set a goal for themselves when they save money; the most common is purchasing a certain product or hobby-related expenses. Young people invest funds rarely, although a noticeable group of respondents makes such attempts at an early age.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42162656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As statistics show, few people can afford to buy an apartment. Many people cannot even afford to rent. On the other hand, the overcrowding rate and the number of adults living permanently with their parents in Poland are among the highest in Europe. Outstanding architects and sociologists have been dealing with housing problems for many years. In many countries, research is conducted showing the importance and essence of the problem, not only in the economic context but also in the psychological, health, and social context that influences the behavior and attitudes of future generations. Access to housing is not only a question of ensuring safety, stability, and shelter; it also affects social relations that constitute the basis of the existence of the individuals and the families. Own house is a collection of meanings, codes, and symbols. It is a product of multi-faceted and multi-generational, interdependent values. Failure to understand these issues eliminates all forms of striving for sustainable development. This article aims to discuss the existing housing problem from diversified perspectives, with particular emphasis on the analysis of the current housing situation among adult Poles. The author will present the topic in some analogy to the condition of the 19th century alienated worker. Based on the conducted research, predictions about the intergenerational effects of the situation disrupting the city's sustainable development in its economic and social layer, having a significant impact on future generations, will also be formulated. Next, the author of the paper presents the results of research conducted from July to October 2020. The study was a part of expert analysis concerning an alternative mortgage lending model for residential purposes, commissioned by the Warsaw Banking Institute Foundation.
{"title":"Skala i skutki alienacji młodych Polaków na rynku mieszkaniowym","authors":"Izabela Rudzka","doi":"10.15219/em91.1534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1534","url":null,"abstract":"As statistics show, few people can afford to buy an apartment. Many people cannot even afford to rent. On the other hand, the overcrowding rate and the number of adults living permanently with their parents in Poland are among the highest in Europe. Outstanding architects and sociologists have been dealing with housing problems for many years. In many countries, research is conducted showing the importance and essence of the problem, not only in the economic context but also in the psychological, health, and social context that influences the behavior and attitudes of future generations. Access to housing is not only a question of ensuring safety, stability, and shelter; it also affects social relations that constitute the basis of the existence of the individuals and the families. Own house is a collection of meanings, codes, and symbols. It is a product of multi-faceted and multi-generational, interdependent values. Failure to understand these issues eliminates all forms of striving for sustainable development. This article aims to discuss the existing housing problem from diversified perspectives, with particular emphasis on the analysis of the current housing situation among adult Poles. The author will present the topic in some analogy to the condition of the 19th century alienated worker. Based on the conducted research, predictions about the intergenerational effects of the situation disrupting the city's sustainable development in its economic and social layer, having a significant impact on future generations, will also be formulated. Next, the author of the paper presents the results of research conducted from July to October 2020. The study was a part of expert analysis concerning an alternative mortgage lending model for residential purposes, commissioned by the Warsaw Banking Institute Foundation.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47835955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional educational policy, drawing on pedagogical sciences, is based on teaching methods developed over the centuries and constantly assessed in terms of their current usefulness. So, one may ask if anything else can be done to improve the quality of education, including economics education? Due to certain features of the learners not always acting rationally, it is justified to introduce several behavioral incentives (nudges). Their effectiveness has been previously positively verified outside of education. Therefore, we may assume that similar intervention will also be effective in teaching-focused activities. The proposed approach is relatively cheap and, in principle, does not constrain the discretion of the interested parties, which makes it very powerful. In other words, the methods used, with acceptable or without any inconvenience for most people, force some persons to react in specific terms and induce the desired type of action to achieve the expected goals. The article aims to introduce the concept of nudging as the tool of stimulating the learners' behavior in the context of broadly understood economics education and demonstrate that their skillful use enables the improvement of the quality of teaching and the transfer of economic knowledge.
{"title":"Nudging w edukacji ekonomicznej","authors":"Wojciech Bizon","doi":"10.15219/em91.1529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1529","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional educational policy, drawing on pedagogical sciences, is based on teaching methods developed over the centuries and constantly assessed in terms of their current usefulness. So, one may ask if anything else can be done to improve the quality of education, including economics education? Due to certain features of the learners not always acting rationally, it is justified to introduce several behavioral incentives (nudges). Their effectiveness has been previously positively verified outside of education. Therefore, we may assume that similar intervention will also be effective in teaching-focused activities. The proposed approach is relatively cheap and, in principle, does not constrain the discretion of the interested parties, which makes it very powerful. In other words, the methods used, with acceptable or without any inconvenience for most people, force some persons to react in specific terms and induce the desired type of action to achieve the expected goals. The article aims to introduce the concept of nudging as the tool of stimulating the learners' behavior in the context of broadly understood economics education and demonstrate that their skillful use enables the improvement of the quality of teaching and the transfer of economic knowledge.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43673936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Open Educational Resources (OER) are training materials and tools that support both learning and teaching. This phenomenon is inextricably linked with a broader concept - open education, which calls for the removal of barriers to teaching so that learners can acquire knowledge following their educational and training needs. The aim of the article is to familiarize the readers with the idea of open educational resources, the legal and organizational foundations crucial for their creation and development, as well as the latest initiatives undertaken in the field of OER dissemination. In the first part of the article, the authors explain the concept and role of open educational resources in the teaching process. Then, they present selected initiatives implemented by members of European Network of Open Education Librarians (ENOEL) and the results of a survey conducted among European academic libraries by SPARC Europe. The analysis of publications, the content of legal documents, reports, and recommendations made it possible to precisely define the meaning of open educational resources for their users. The multifaceted nature and scale of the activities confirm that modern teaching can develop faster based on open educational materials.
{"title":"Otwarte zasoby edukacyjne - przegląd inicjatyw w Polsce i na świecie","authors":"Kamila Kokot-Kanikuła, Anna Wałek","doi":"10.15219/em91.1531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1531","url":null,"abstract":"Open Educational Resources (OER) are training materials and tools that support both learning and teaching. This phenomenon is inextricably linked with a broader concept - open education, which calls for the removal of barriers to teaching so that learners can acquire knowledge following their educational and training needs. The aim of the article is to familiarize the readers with the idea of open educational resources, the legal and organizational foundations crucial for their creation and development, as well as the latest initiatives undertaken in the field of OER dissemination. In the first part of the article, the authors explain the concept and role of open educational resources in the teaching process. Then, they present selected initiatives implemented by members of European Network of Open Education Librarians (ENOEL) and the results of a survey conducted among European academic libraries by SPARC Europe. The analysis of publications, the content of legal documents, reports, and recommendations made it possible to precisely define the meaning of open educational resources for their users. The multifaceted nature and scale of the activities confirm that modern teaching can develop faster based on open educational materials.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45107778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data collected in the Polish graduate tracking system (ELA) allow for the analysis of graduates' preparation to the requirements of the labor market. The scope of data allows, among other things, to indicate the differences between the modes of study, and more importantly, between universities offering the same field of study. The article discusses the situation of 2018 graduates in law one year after graduating. The presented results show that students who took up employment during their studies do better: they look for a job for a shorter time and receive higher salaries. In the studied group of law graduates, the experience of unemployment for full-time graduates is 28.37%, but in the case of people with work experience, it is half as much (14.57%). In the case of part-time studies, the experience of unemployment is lower and amounts to 17.56% (people with work experience: 16.61%).
{"title":"Absolwenci prawa rocznika 2018 na rynku pracy","authors":"Marek Rocki, A. Werner","doi":"10.15219/em91.1527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1527","url":null,"abstract":"Data collected in the Polish graduate tracking system (ELA) allow for the analysis of graduates' preparation to the requirements of the labor market. The scope of data allows, among other things, to indicate the differences between the modes of study, and more importantly, between universities offering the same field of study. The article discusses the situation of 2018 graduates in law one year after graduating. The presented results show that students who took up employment during their studies do better: they look for a job for a shorter time and receive higher salaries. In the studied group of law graduates, the experience of unemployment for full-time graduates is 28.37%, but in the case of people with work experience, it is half as much (14.57%). In the case of part-time studies, the experience of unemployment is lower and amounts to 17.56% (people with work experience: 16.61%).","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47291477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article aims at describing the relationship between the educational activity of the elderly and a more optimal way of experiencing their aging. That link can be justified by a higher measure of the overall level of satisfaction with their lives. The purpose of the study described in the paper was an in-depth analysis of the components of life satisfaction among actively learning seniors. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the voluntary participation of 405 third age university students (U3A). The authors collected data on the critical areas comprising individual well-being, illustrating the diversity in the experience of old age among active mature learners. Only 6.8% of the U3A learners are not satisfied with their life achievements. The study revealed that seniors with four or more children were most pleased, suggesting that self-actualization in the family and educational domains need not be competitive. The analysis of the health component of life satisfaction showed a clear overrepresentation of seniors with the good psychophysical condition. In general, successful ratings of the component measures of life satisfaction among the members of the researched group predominate.
{"title":"Zadowolenie z życia słuchaczy uniwersytetów trzeciego wieku","authors":"A. Fabiś, Aleksandra Błachnio","doi":"10.15219/em91.1533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1533","url":null,"abstract":"The article aims at describing the relationship between the educational activity of the elderly and a more optimal way of experiencing their aging. That link can be justified by a higher measure of the overall level of satisfaction with their lives. The purpose of the study described in the paper was an in-depth analysis of the components of life satisfaction among actively learning seniors. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the voluntary participation of 405 third age university students (U3A). The authors collected data on the critical areas comprising individual well-being, illustrating the diversity in the experience of old age among active mature learners. Only 6.8% of the U3A learners are not satisfied with their life achievements. The study revealed that seniors with four or more children were most pleased, suggesting that self-actualization in the family and educational domains need not be competitive. The analysis of the health component of life satisfaction showed a clear overrepresentation of seniors with the good psychophysical condition. In general, successful ratings of the component measures of life satisfaction among the members of the researched group predominate.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47054784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the article is to systematize the knowledge on sales strategy and answer the question of whether current socio-economic conditions in the form of progressive digitalization and evolution of the sales function induce to update the definition of sales strategy. Furthermore, the study aims to verify whether the COVID-19 pandemic forces companies to reformulate their sales strategy. A non-systematic literature review supplemented by qualitative research was used as the research method. The first part of the paper presents the theoretical backgrounds of the analysis based on the literature review. The second part presents the results of the own research, enriched by the data from existing studies. Then, the results of the conducted discussion are presented. The final part of the paper contains a summary and the author's definition of sales management, focusing on sales strategy and a potential direction for future research. According to the analysis, the greatest challenge in implementing the assumed sales strategy is currently the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly affects consumer behavior and limits market activities. However, with widespread access to advanced technologies and a flexible approach to strategy, most of the surveyed companies can meet their financial targets despite the economic crisis caused by the pandemic. When defining a sales strategy, it is necessary to consider the aspect of progressing digitalization and the evolution of the sales function, closely integrated with the marketing function.
{"title":"Nowe wyzwania w zarządzaniu sprzedażą w kontekście rozwoju nowoczesnych technologii i pandemii COVID-19","authors":"M. Gul","doi":"10.15219/em91.1536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1536","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to systematize the knowledge on sales strategy and answer the question of whether current socio-economic conditions in the form of progressive digitalization and evolution of the sales function induce to update the definition of sales strategy. Furthermore, the study aims to verify whether the COVID-19 pandemic forces companies to reformulate their sales strategy. A non-systematic literature review supplemented by qualitative research was used as the research method. The first part of the paper presents the theoretical backgrounds of the analysis based on the literature review. The second part presents the results of the own research, enriched by the data from existing studies. Then, the results of the conducted discussion are presented. The final part of the paper contains a summary and the author's definition of sales management, focusing on sales strategy and a potential direction for future research. According to the analysis, the greatest challenge in implementing the assumed sales strategy is currently the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly affects consumer behavior and limits market activities. However, with widespread access to advanced technologies and a flexible approach to strategy, most of the surveyed companies can meet their financial targets despite the economic crisis caused by the pandemic. When defining a sales strategy, it is necessary to consider the aspect of progressing digitalization and the evolution of the sales function, closely integrated with the marketing function.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42764643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accessibility of websites and other sources of information for people with disabilities is crucial nowadays due to a significant percentage of society being at risk of social exclusion. The article tries to answer how the entities obliged to apply the accessibility guidelines perceive their duties in this regard. WCAG guidelines in version 2.0 and version 2.1 are presented. The legal acts that oblige entities to use them are analyzed. The author also examines how the guidelines and regulations are interpreted by randomly selected units of the public finance sector by analyzing their websites with the help of a validator chosen from the list maintained by the organization that developed the WCAG guidelines. As part of the study, a questionnaire survey was also carried out among students of IT programs. It was aimed at determining the state of their knowledge and preparedness for publication of web content in accordance with the accessibility standards. Interviews were conducted as well with practitioners creating, implementing, and maintaining internet portals of public institutions. The research allowed for identifying problems related to implementing the guidelines and proposing some actions to solve them.
{"title":"Dostępność stron internetowych - wymóg czy powinność","authors":"Przemysław Jatkiewicz","doi":"10.15219/em91.1535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15219/em91.1535","url":null,"abstract":"The accessibility of websites and other sources of information for people with disabilities is crucial nowadays due to a significant percentage of society being at risk of social exclusion. The article tries to answer how the entities obliged to apply the accessibility guidelines perceive their duties in this regard. WCAG guidelines in version 2.0 and version 2.1 are presented. The legal acts that oblige entities to use them are analyzed. The author also examines how the guidelines and regulations are interpreted by randomly selected units of the public finance sector by analyzing their websites with the help of a validator chosen from the list maintained by the organization that developed the WCAG guidelines. As part of the study, a questionnaire survey was also carried out among students of IT programs. It was aimed at determining the state of their knowledge and preparedness for publication of web content in accordance with the accessibility standards. Interviews were conducted as well with practitioners creating, implementing, and maintaining internet portals of public institutions. The research allowed for identifying problems related to implementing the guidelines and proposing some actions to solve them.","PeriodicalId":42136,"journal":{"name":"E-Mentor","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42004394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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