As a result of contact between mutually unintelligible Southern Chinese varieties like Hokkien and Cantonese, Colloquial Singapore Mandarin (csm) 有 yǒu ‘have’ has extended its semantic functions to include that of realis modality marker. This paper will demonstrate how a framework of ambiguity and semantic continuity can allow us to determine the associative links between different synchronous functions of the 有 yǒu ‘have’ construction. The ambiguous context that links the existential and realis modality functions of 有 yǒu ‘have’ is [没有 méi yǒu ‘not have’ + vp]. This ambiguous context allows 有 yǒu ‘have’ to be reanalyzed as a realis modality marker with méi ‘not’ as the negator. Additionally, the semantic continuity between the existential and realis modality marker functions further confirms such an association. While [yǒu + np] affirms the existence of someone or something, [yǒu + vp] affirms the existence of an event.
由于闽南语和广东话等相互难以理解的南方汉语变体的接触，新加坡口语普通话(csm)的“have”扩展了其语义功能，包括现实情态标记。本文将演示歧义和语义连续性的框架如何允许我们确定不同同步功能之间的关联链接yǒu ' have '结构。连接存在主义和现实主义情态功能的模糊语境是[中文][中文][中文][中文][中文][中文][中文]这种模棱两可的上下文允许将 yǒu ' have '作为现实情态标记重新分析，并将m ' not '作为否定词。此外，存在情态标记功能与现实情态标记功能之间的语义连续性进一步证实了这种关联。[yǒu + np]肯定某人或某物的存在，[yǒu + vp]肯定事件的存在。
{"title":"The [有 yǒu + vp] construction in Singapore Mandarin","authors":"M. Teo","doi":"10.1075/cld.20002.teo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.20002.teo","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000As a result of contact between mutually unintelligible Southern Chinese varieties like Hokkien and Cantonese, Colloquial Singapore Mandarin (csm) 有 yǒu ‘have’ has extended its semantic functions to include that of realis modality marker. This paper will demonstrate how a framework of ambiguity and semantic continuity can allow us to determine the associative links between different synchronous functions of the 有 yǒu ‘have’ construction. The ambiguous context that links the existential and realis modality functions of 有 yǒu ‘have’ is [没有\u0000 méi yǒu ‘not have’ + vp]. This ambiguous context allows 有 yǒu ‘have’ to be reanalyzed as a realis modality marker with méi ‘not’ as the negator. Additionally, the semantic continuity between the existential and realis modality marker functions further confirms such an association. While [yǒu + np] affirms the existence of someone or something, [yǒu + vp] affirms the existence of an event.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76115471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a corpus-based perspective on the phonetic fusion of disyllabic words in a Chinese conversational speech corpus. Four categorical types that reflect the phonological features of reduction degrees are automatically derived from gradient, acoustic properties. A transcription experiment is conducted with the most common disyllabic words. Both automatic derivation by acoustic signals and human transcription by perceptual judgment refer to the same sound inventory. We have shown that the complete form of fusion occurring in conversation need not be legitimate syllables and it appears consistently in the form of syllable merger that represents a group of phonetic variants.
{"title":"Phonetic fusion in Chinese conversational speech","authors":"S. Tseng","doi":"10.1075/cld.21004.tse","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.21004.tse","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper presents a corpus-based perspective on the phonetic fusion of disyllabic words in a Chinese conversational speech corpus. Four categorical types that reflect the phonological features of reduction degrees are automatically derived from gradient, acoustic properties. A transcription experiment is conducted with the most common disyllabic words. Both automatic derivation by acoustic signals and human transcription by perceptual judgment refer to the same sound inventory. We have shown that the complete form of fusion occurring in conversation need not be legitimate syllables and it appears consistently in the form of syllable merger that represents a group of phonetic variants.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87679577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Critical discourse analysis (CDA) has been broadly applied to understand the social implications of discourse, yet few studies have compared different forms of discourse in Chinese media, especially on the topic of race. Referencing the CDA framework, this study compares two sample news items from Mainland China and Taiwan about the killing of George Floyd and the associated social movements, analyzing their presentational forms, sourcing patterns, headlines, lexical and syntactic choices. A racial analysis is also conducted to better comprehend how racism is constructed and potentially reproduced in Chinese media. The results suggest that the two media sources bifurcate in reporting styles – due to respective journalistic environments and regulations – and their attitudes towards the cause of the reported event. However, they both explicitly identify the issue of racism in the US. This study applies CDA in a non-US context to uncover the reporting styles and racial connotations in Chinese news discourse from Mainland China and Taiwan, identifying future directions for racial discourse analysis in Chinese media.
{"title":"Who is to Blame?","authors":"Chenyang Lin","doi":"10.1075/cld.20030.lin","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.20030.lin","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Critical discourse analysis (CDA) has been broadly applied to understand the social implications of discourse, yet few studies have compared different forms of discourse in Chinese media, especially on the topic of race. Referencing the CDA framework, this study compares two sample news items from Mainland China and Taiwan about the killing of George Floyd and the associated social movements, analyzing their presentational forms, sourcing patterns, headlines, lexical and syntactic choices. A racial analysis is also conducted to better comprehend how racism is constructed and potentially reproduced in Chinese media. The results suggest that the two media sources bifurcate in reporting styles – due to respective journalistic environments and regulations – and their attitudes towards the cause of the reported event. However, they both explicitly identify the issue of racism in the US. This study applies CDA in a non-US context to uncover the reporting styles and racial connotations in Chinese news discourse from Mainland China and Taiwan, identifying future directions for racial discourse analysis in Chinese media.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75909226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Special issue on joint production of conversational turns","authors":"K. Luke, Mei Fang","doi":"10.1075/cld.00039.int","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00039.int","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85339941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Joint Production of Conversational Turns","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/cld.12.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.12.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73112598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the features and interactional functions of collaboratively constructed TCUs (CCTs) in responsive positions of question-answer sequences in Mandarin daily conversations. Adopting the methodologies of Conversation Analysis, Interactional Linguistics and Multimodal Analysis, the study explores the sequential features of the CCTs and bodily-visual resources co-occurring with the CCTs, such as gaze orientations and gestures. Two categories have been identified based on the participants’ roles in the question-answer sequences. First, the answerer initiates the response to the question, and the questioner collaboratively completes the response. The analysis shows that the questioners are not conveying the action of answering the question but assuming the answer to the question. Second, one answerer initiates the response to the question, and another one collaboratively completes the response. The data demonstrates that this type of CCTs usually involves the two question-recipients with more or less equal epistemic access to the referent.
{"title":"Collaborative construction of turn constructional units in responsive positions of question-answer sequences in\u0000 Mandarin conversation","authors":"Zixuan Song, S. Vukadinovich","doi":"10.1075/CLD.00038.SON","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.00038.SON","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper explores the features and interactional functions of collaboratively constructed TCUs (CCTs) in\u0000 responsive positions of question-answer sequences in Mandarin daily conversations. Adopting the methodologies of Conversation\u0000 Analysis, Interactional Linguistics and Multimodal Analysis, the study explores the sequential features of the CCTs and\u0000 bodily-visual resources co-occurring with the CCTs, such as gaze orientations and gestures. Two categories have been identified\u0000 based on the participants’ roles in the question-answer sequences. First, the answerer initiates the response to the question, and\u0000 the questioner collaboratively completes the response. The analysis shows that the questioners are not conveying the action of\u0000 answering the question but assuming the answer to the question. Second, one answerer initiates the response to the question, and\u0000 another one collaboratively completes the response. The data demonstrates that this type of CCTs usually involves the two\u0000 question-recipients with more or less equal epistemic access to the referent.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"175 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74355793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The co-production of a sentence is a phenomenon that is widely observed in talk-in-interaction across languages. However, with a few notable exceptions, there is still much room for the investigation of how the co-production of sentences is put to the service of specific actions and activities in different language communities. This paper, using 10 hours of video-recorded data, examines the co-production of assessments (“collaborative assessments”) in Mandarin conversation. It is found that speakers can use syntactic, prosodic, and bodily-visual devices to realize assessment collaboration, and that the functions of collaborative assessment include (1) helping provide a candidate assessment term and facilitating the assessment; (2) articulating/specifying ‘vague’ assessments; (3) helping complete the foreshadowing of a negative assessment term; and (4) co-participation in the assessment activity. This paper also discusses the design features of co-completion and subsequent responses on the basis of the continuum of speakers’ epistemic authority and agency in collaborative assessment sequences and concludes with some implications of this study for grammar as practice.
{"title":"Collaborative assessments in Mandarin conversation","authors":"Di Fang","doi":"10.1075/CLD.00037.FAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.00037.FAN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The co-production of a sentence is a phenomenon that is widely observed in talk-in-interaction across languages. However, with a few notable exceptions, there is still much room for the investigation of how the co-production of sentences is put to the service of specific actions and activities in different language communities. This paper, using 10 hours of video-recorded data, examines the co-production of assessments (“collaborative assessments”) in Mandarin conversation. It is found that speakers can use syntactic, prosodic, and bodily-visual devices to realize assessment collaboration, and that the functions of collaborative assessment include (1) helping provide a candidate assessment term and facilitating the assessment; (2) articulating/specifying ‘vague’ assessments; (3) helping complete the foreshadowing of a negative assessment term; and (4) co-participation in the assessment activity. This paper also discusses the design features of co-completion and subsequent responses on the basis of the continuum of speakers’ epistemic authority and agency in collaborative assessment sequences and concludes with some implications of this study for grammar as practice.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81667249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence of “translanguaging” as a concept referring to bilingual practices has challenged the appropriateness of “code-switching” – the term that has been most influential in studies of bilingualism and language mixing. Reassessing the literature on Cantonese-English mixing in Hong Kong, this paper suggests that the kind of spontaneous code-switching in peer talk, largely intra-sentential (or intra-clausal) and intra-turn, can indeed be recast as translanguaging, where speakers transcend language boundaries between Cantonese and English for the purpose of meaning-making. Nevertheless, Hong Kong speakers do constantly draw language boundaries by marking words as English or Cantonese, both in metalinguistic judgment and in real-time language production. Revisiting an unpublished dataset of radio talk, this paper further illustrates a number of sequences in which Cantonese speakers may “languagise” the code-switched words or expressions as “English”. It is concluded that, in a Conversation-Analytic understanding, the difference between “translanguaging” and “code-switching” boils down to “languagising”, and the contrast between the two notions may have been overstated.
{"title":"Translanguaging or code-switching?","authors":"B. Chan","doi":"10.1075/CLD.20003.CHA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.20003.CHA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The emergence of “translanguaging” as a concept referring to bilingual practices has challenged the\u0000 appropriateness of “code-switching” – the term that has been most influential in studies of bilingualism and language mixing.\u0000 Reassessing the literature on Cantonese-English mixing in Hong Kong, this paper suggests that the kind of spontaneous\u0000 code-switching in peer talk, largely intra-sentential (or intra-clausal) and intra-turn, can indeed be recast as translanguaging,\u0000 where speakers transcend language boundaries between Cantonese and English for the purpose of meaning-making. Nevertheless, Hong\u0000 Kong speakers do constantly draw language boundaries by marking words as English or Cantonese, both in metalinguistic judgment and\u0000 in real-time language production. Revisiting an unpublished dataset of radio talk, this paper further illustrates a number of\u0000 sequences in which Cantonese speakers may “languagise” the code-switched words or expressions as “English”. It is concluded that,\u0000 in a Conversation-Analytic understanding, the difference between “translanguaging” and “code-switching” boils down to\u0000 “languagising”, and the contrast between the two notions may have been overstated.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77483015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates metaphors used in mergers and acquisitions texts in a Chinese financial newspaper, The 21st Century Business Herald. Based on corpus data, we approach the rhetorical motive and persuasive power hidden behind metaphors from the perspective of rhetorical criticism. The study found four major metaphors: war, marriage, struggle and hunting, and game, in the financial texts about mergers and acquisitions. The war metaphor is the most common variety, followed by the marriage metaphor, suggesting the role of power perception and gender perception in the representation of financial affairs.
{"title":"Power and gender","authors":"K. Li, Huichao Zhu","doi":"10.1075/cld.19011.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.19011.li","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates metaphors used in mergers and acquisitions texts in a Chinese financial newspaper,\u0000 The 21st Century Business Herald. Based on corpus data, we approach the rhetorical motive and persuasive\u0000 power hidden behind metaphors from the perspective of rhetorical criticism. The study found four major metaphors: war,\u0000 marriage, struggle and hunting, and game, in the financial texts about mergers and acquisitions. The war metaphor is the\u0000 most common variety, followed by the marriage metaphor, suggesting the role of power perception and gender perception in\u0000 the representation of financial affairs.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74460905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper explores the functions of Chinese final particle ou in both TCU-final and non-TCU-final positions in medical advice-giving. Using Praat, we differentiated phonologically marked and unmarked ou and analyzed their functions in both doctor and patient speech. The findings suggest a difference in participants’ use of ou: while non-TCU-final ou occurs mainly in the patient speech to mark newsworthiness and call for the doctor’s attention, TCU-final ou occurs in both the doctor and the patient speech serving various functions. Most importantly, the paper provides a new understanding of the various functions of ou as interconnected to each other under its intrinsic discreet quality that facilitates relationship building in the selected conversational activity.
{"title":"Discretion","authors":"Ying Jin, D. Tay","doi":"10.1075/cld.20010.jin","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.20010.jin","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper explores the functions of Chinese final particle ou in both TCU-final and non-TCU-final\u0000 positions in medical advice-giving. Using Praat, we differentiated phonologically marked and unmarked ou and analyzed their\u0000 functions in both doctor and patient speech. The findings suggest a difference in participants’ use of ou: while\u0000 non-TCU-final ou occurs mainly in the patient speech to mark newsworthiness and call for the doctor’s attention, TCU-final\u0000 ou occurs in both the doctor and the patient speech serving various functions. Most importantly, the paper provides a new understanding of\u0000 the various functions of ou as interconnected to each other under its intrinsic discreet quality that facilitates\u0000 relationship building in the selected conversational activity.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82925824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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