This paper introduces the DMC Corpus – a newly collected dataset of 150 mundane cell phone calls from Mainland China in Mandarin Chinese (audio and detailed transcripts) – which is now publicly available for use in research and teaching. In this report, we first describe the constitution and current contents of the DMC Corpus, as well as instructions for access. Additional calls will be added periodically to the Corpus, and so the quantitative overview presented here should be considered conservative. We then provide concrete examples of the sorts of phenomena that might be explored with these new data, underscoring how the Corpus offers researchers the ability to build systematic collections for analysis – no matter whether researchers prefer to begin with ‘forms’ (e.g., utterance-final particles), with ‘functions’ (e.g., complaining), and/or with the temporal organization of interaction itself (e.g., preference organization, repair). The paper concludes with an explicit call for increased research on Mandarin conversation, to which we hope the materials in the DMC Corpus will contribute.
{"title":"The DIG Mandarin Conversations (DMC) Corpus","authors":"Guodong Yu, Yaxin Wu, Paul Drew, C. W. Raymond","doi":"10.1075/cld.23001.guo","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.23001.guo","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper introduces the DMC Corpus – a newly collected dataset of 150 mundane cell phone calls\u0000 from Mainland China in Mandarin Chinese (audio and detailed transcripts) – which is now publicly available for use in research and\u0000 teaching. In this report, we first describe the constitution and current contents of the DMC Corpus, as well as instructions for\u0000 access. Additional calls will be added periodically to the Corpus, and so the quantitative overview presented here should be\u0000 considered conservative. We then provide concrete examples of the sorts of phenomena that might be explored with these new data,\u0000 underscoring how the Corpus offers researchers the ability to build systematic collections for analysis – no matter whether\u0000 researchers prefer to begin with ‘forms’ (e.g., utterance-final particles), with ‘functions’ (e.g., complaining), and/or with the\u0000 temporal organization of interaction itself (e.g., preference organization, repair). The paper concludes with an explicit call for\u0000 increased research on Mandarin conversation, to which we hope the materials in the DMC Corpus will contribute.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"2017 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139001690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Colloquialization has been identified as one of the most crucial change processes of the English language, through which written genres gradually shift towards spoken styles. Colloquialism refers to the synchronous features resulting from colloquialization. There is limited research into the lexical and phrasal patterns indicating colloquialism in Chinese or how Chinese colloquialism manifests in different spoken and written genres. To extract the lexical and phrasal patterns indicating colloquialism in Chinese, this study used a corpus-driven approach to determine and compare keywords and phrase frames from two training Chinese corpora and those keywords and phrase frames with higher frequencies were retained for further testing.
{"title":"Colloquialism and genre variation in Chinese","authors":"Jialei Li","doi":"10.1075/cld.21010.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.21010.li","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Colloquialization has been identified as one of the most crucial change processes of the English language, through which written genres gradually shift towards spoken styles. Colloquialism refers to the synchronous features resulting from colloquialization. There is limited research into the lexical and phrasal patterns indicating colloquialism in Chinese or how Chinese colloquialism manifests in different spoken and written genres. To extract the lexical and phrasal patterns indicating colloquialism in Chinese, this study used a corpus-driven approach to determine and compare keywords and phrase frames from two training Chinese corpora and those keywords and phrase frames with higher frequencies were retained for further testing.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136114038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Xiang (2021): Language, Multimodal Interaction and Transaction","authors":"Gregory Ang","doi":"10.1075/cld.00044.ang","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00044.ang","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135014339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Shi (2021): Loanwords in the Chinese language","authors":"Ning Liu","doi":"10.1075/cld.22013.liu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.22013.liu","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135015713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"对既存并列项的觉察与选择","authors":"Qian-qian Jia","doi":"10.1075/cld.23007.jia","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.23007.jia","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000摘要 本文采用会话分析的研究方法，根据汉语自然会话中“反正”引导的话语出现的序列环境和话轮设计方式，证明“反正”作为一种“表明对既存并列项的察觉和选择”的装置（device）在言谈互动中被广泛使用，其基本功能是，交际者在察觉到前文中显性或者隐性地存在着源自不同交际者话语的两个或数个并列项后，通过“反正”引导的话语表明要在其中做出选择的态度。在此基础上，本文还论证了以往研究中提到的“反正”一语所具有的“对不同意见的坚持”“表示让步”“态度指示”“回归话题”和“总结”等功能都是由上述功能衍生而来的。最后，本文明确了“反正”作为互动行为资源，具有“暗示对比”和“实现对话题的控制”等功能。","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74590769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study deals with the sociolinguistic phenomenon of codeswitching as manifested in community-based ethnic-language classes. More specifically, it focuses on teachers’ codeswitching from students’ second language (Mandarin Chinese) to students’ first language (English). The empirical study was conducted at one Chinese community school in the United Kingdom to investigate the instances in which teachers switch to students’ first language and to explore teachers’ introspection regarding their codeswitching behavior. Twelve types of codeswitching were identified and categorized in accordance with functions recorded in other studies. Discrepancies between teachers’ beliefs on the choice of language medium and their actual practices were found. Teachers were not always aware of their codeswitching and they generally held positive attitudes towards their conscious codeswitching and negative attitudes towards subconscious codeswitching. Conscious switches were used mainly for pedagogical, interpersonal, and interactive purposes. A sense of guilt was found to be associated with their unconscious codeswitching. This study suggests that raising teachers’ awareness of the potential usefulness of codeswitching within ethnic-language education is paramount.
{"title":"Teachers’ codeswitching in L2 Chinese classes","authors":"Fangchun Li, A. Yiakoumetti","doi":"10.1075/cld.20005.li","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.20005.li","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The study deals with the sociolinguistic phenomenon of codeswitching as manifested in community-based\u0000 ethnic-language classes. More specifically, it focuses on teachers’ codeswitching from students’ second language (Mandarin\u0000 Chinese) to students’ first language (English). The empirical study was conducted at one Chinese community school in the United\u0000 Kingdom to investigate the instances in which teachers switch to students’ first language and to explore teachers’ introspection\u0000 regarding their codeswitching behavior. Twelve types of codeswitching were identified and categorized in accordance with functions\u0000 recorded in other studies. Discrepancies between teachers’ beliefs on the choice of language medium and their actual practices\u0000 were found. Teachers were not always aware of their codeswitching and they generally held positive attitudes towards their\u0000 conscious codeswitching and negative attitudes towards subconscious codeswitching. Conscious switches were used mainly for\u0000 pedagogical, interpersonal, and interactive purposes. A sense of guilt was found to be associated with their unconscious\u0000 codeswitching. This study suggests that raising teachers’ awareness of the potential usefulness of codeswitching within\u0000 ethnic-language education is paramount.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"164 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75970083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zepeng Wang, Yansheng Mao, Dan Xin, Haoming Li, Zhe Liang
The current paper reports on a study investigating the prosodic features of the Chinese discourse marker haole. The data were collected from 14 native Chinese speakers who participated in two recording sessions designed by the authors. The results indicate that haole as a discourse marker occurring at different syntactic positions is prosodically distinct. Specifically, in some cases, haole at the left periphery (LP) is prosodically independent of its following utterance, while haole at the right periphery (RP) is always prosodically attached to its preceding utterance. In addition, haole at LP is higher, larger, and longer than haole at RP, respectively, concerning pitch, intensity, and duration. The study suggests that these differences are closely related to the pragmatic functions of haole as a discourse marker in oral interaction. The findings above may shed light on the incorporation of prosody into the pragmatic analysis of discourse markers and conversation management in general.
{"title":"The devil lies in prosody","authors":"Zepeng Wang, Yansheng Mao, Dan Xin, Haoming Li, Zhe Liang","doi":"10.1075/cld.22006.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.22006.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The current paper reports on a study investigating the prosodic features of the Chinese discourse marker\u0000 haole. The data were collected from 14 native Chinese speakers who participated in two recording sessions\u0000 designed by the authors. The results indicate that haole as a discourse marker occurring at different syntactic\u0000 positions is prosodically distinct. Specifically, in some cases, haole at the left periphery (LP) is prosodically\u0000 independent of its following utterance, while haole at the right periphery (RP) is always prosodically attached\u0000 to its preceding utterance. In addition, haole at LP is higher, larger, and longer than haole at\u0000 RP, respectively, concerning pitch, intensity, and duration. The study suggests that these differences are closely related to the\u0000 pragmatic functions of haole as a discourse marker in oral interaction. The findings above may shed light on the\u0000 incorporation of prosody into the pragmatic analysis of discourse markers and conversation management in general.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90293813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study delves into the stylization of a unique and dynamic Hong Kong identity through examining a series of Cantonese standup comedies performed by the Hong Kong comedian, Wong Tze-wah, from 1993 to 2003. It explains the ways that Wong’s standup comedies become the stylistic and semiotic resources which not merely iconically and symbolically represent the reality of Hong Kong society; rather, they index many modalities of Hong Kongers’ questioning of authenticity and the relationship between China and Hong Kong. It suggests that the comic performance, as a meaning-making process, helps to shape and reproduce the local ideologies of identity, and to challenge the power underlying the discourse of China-Hong Kong relations.
{"title":"Myth of identity","authors":"Alice Fengyuan Yu","doi":"10.1075/cld.21042.yu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.21042.yu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study delves into the stylization of a unique and dynamic Hong Kong identity through examining a series of\u0000 Cantonese standup comedies performed by the Hong Kong comedian, Wong Tze-wah, from 1993 to 2003. It explains the ways that Wong’s\u0000 standup comedies become the stylistic and semiotic resources which not merely iconically and symbolically represent the reality of\u0000 Hong Kong society; rather, they index many modalities of Hong Kongers’ questioning of authenticity and the relationship between\u0000 China and Hong Kong. It suggests that the comic performance, as a meaning-making process, helps to shape and reproduce the local\u0000 ideologies of identity, and to challenge the power underlying the discourse of China-Hong Kong relations.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81524095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adversative passives like Mandarin Chinese bei-passives are known to convey adversity, but what “adversity” means specifically for speakers of bei- in conversational discourse remains unknown. Whereas previous studies examine adversity within the bei- clause, this study uses the lens concept to investigate speakers’ subjective evaluations of the event attested by the larger context beyond the bei- clause. Using a subjectivity coding scheme and the discourse adjacent alternation method, I analyzed 4,203 values of event valence of 1,401 bei- utterances and 65 alternations in spontaneous talk show conversations. Results show that: (1) The same event that a speaker evaluates as “adverse” using bei- is sometimes evaluated as “non-adverse” using non-bei structures. (2) The same bei+verb phrase that previous studies may deem “adverse” can be evaluated as “adverse” or “positive” by actual speakers. (3) 84.5% (1,184/1,401) of the time, bei-passive in conversation expresses speakers’ evaluation that a causative event is adverse for the affectee, regardless of what reality is. (4) Adversity means undesirable, disadvantageous, morally or socially wrong, empathy-deserving, and/or sympathy-deserving for speakers of bei-. The findings indicate that the adversity that bei- conveys is not an objective description of reality but a subjective evaluation independent of reality–the Adversity lens. This study sheds light on subjectivity and specific manifestations of adversity in conversational discourse.
{"title":"Speakers’ subjective evaluation of adversity","authors":"Danjie Su","doi":"10.1075/cld.22002.su","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.22002.su","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Adversative passives like Mandarin Chinese bei-passives are known to convey adversity, but what\u0000 “adversity” means specifically for speakers of bei- in conversational discourse remains unknown. Whereas previous\u0000 studies examine adversity within the bei- clause, this study uses the lens concept to investigate speakers’\u0000 subjective evaluations of the event attested by the larger context beyond the bei- clause. Using a subjectivity\u0000 coding scheme and the discourse adjacent alternation method, I analyzed 4,203 values of event valence of 1,401\u0000 bei- utterances and 65 alternations in spontaneous talk show conversations. Results show that: (1) The same event that a speaker evaluates as “adverse” using bei- is sometimes evaluated as “non-adverse” using non-bei structures. (2) The same bei+verb phrase that previous studies may deem “adverse” can be evaluated as “adverse” or “positive” by actual speakers. (3) 84.5% (1,184/1,401) of the time, bei-passive in\u0000 conversation expresses speakers’ evaluation that a causative event is adverse for the affectee, regardless of what reality is. (4)\u0000 Adversity means undesirable, disadvantageous, morally or socially wrong, empathy-deserving, and/or sympathy-deserving for speakers\u0000 of bei-. The findings indicate that the adversity that bei- conveys is not an objective\u0000 description of reality but a subjective evaluation independent of reality–the Adversity lens. This study sheds light on\u0000 subjectivity and specific manifestations of adversity in conversational discourse.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86517423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Tsu (2022): Kingdom of characters: The language revolution that made China modern","authors":"Norbert Francis","doi":"10.1075/cld.00043.fra","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00043.fra","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"10 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79674440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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