In Mandarin conversation, utterances about future actions with severe consequences are observed to correlate with bigger promises, marked by devices indicating greater illocutionary force, as compared with those about actions with less serious consequences. Applying the principle of proportionality proposed by Goffman (1971), I argue that participants’ design of promise is proportional to the severity of the action consequences, which is evaluated by the participants on a moment-by-moment basis. The ad hoc construction of promises shows that promising is a dynamic process, rather than a one-time action. The proportionality principle may also account for the differences between promises in institutional discourse and ordinary conversation.
{"title":"The principle of proportionality","authors":"Yan Zhou","doi":"10.1075/CLD.20004.ZHO","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.20004.ZHO","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In Mandarin conversation, utterances about future actions with severe consequences are observed to\u0000 correlate with bigger promises, marked by devices indicating greater illocutionary force, as compared with\u0000 those about actions with less serious consequences. Applying the principle of proportionality proposed by\u0000 Goffman (1971), I argue that participants’ design of\u0000 promise is proportional to the severity of the action consequences, which is evaluated by the participants on\u0000 a moment-by-moment basis. The ad hoc construction of promises shows that promising is a dynamic process,\u0000 rather than a one-time action. The proportionality principle may also account for the differences between\u0000 promises in institutional discourse and ordinary conversation.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74063688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Conversation Analysis in Chinese: Part II","authors":"","doi":"10.1075/cld.10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.10.2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79594289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"普通话口语中非典型的“一个”","authors":"Yaqiong Liu","doi":"10.1075/cld.00021.liu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00021.liu","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 本文考察普通话口语中不能用五种经典用法解释的“一个”用法，本文称之为非典型的“一个”。这些“一个”在话语中的分布和用法，呈现出一定的规律性。它倾向于用在有准备的、一人主导性的谈话中。说话人使用“一个+后续成分”的形式，可以实现多个话语功能：思索找词、削弱定指性、凸显指称化等。其中，后两项功能在语料中出现频率较高，这也与“一个”所在小句的分布以及汉语不能以屈折变化实现动名转换有关。","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83243742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"汉语自然会话转换型回应及其互动功能","authors":"Xinyang Xie","doi":"10.1075/cld.00020.xie","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.00020.xie","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 本文对汉语自然口语会话中的转换型回应进行探讨，将转换型回应划分为措辞转换型回应和规程转换型回应两类。就汉语自然口语而言，措辞转换型回应在互动中的主要功能在于答者希望提供更为准确和足量的信息，形式上大部分是单小句或短语形式。规程转换型回应则基本上是多小句的形式，而且一般都会带来序列上的扩展。","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83211158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Yang, Bingjun & Wang, Rui. 2017. Language Policy: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach. London: Routledge.","authors":"Duoduo Xu","doi":"10.1075/CLD.00014.XU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.00014.XU","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88916473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"汉语自然口语会话中的信息回应标记 “真的(吗/啊)”","authors":"Wenxian Zhang","doi":"10.1075/cld.18009.zha","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.18009.zha","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 “真的（吗/啊）？”是一般疑问句的形式，但是在自然口语会话中并不只是因怀疑对方所说信息真假而表达疑问，而是回应标记。本文从互动交际的角度出发，论述了“真的（吗/啊）”在会话序列中的功能。“真的（吗/啊）”在会话中表示得到的完全是新信息或者信息与自己的背景知识有差异，表达意外、惊讶等情感。在会话结构上，“真的（吗/啊）”与主要讲述者结构一致，即不与之抢夺说话权，请对方继续说下去。","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81012739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Chinese language has encouraged the paradigm shift in linguistics away from Chomsky-style sentence-internal rules toward usage-based discourse. Analysts have debated two possibilities: is Chinese an allegedly ‘inferior’ and ambiguous language because it rests on the ‘three zeros’: zero subjects, zero anaphora, and zero tense? Or does Chinese use ‘hidden complexity’ (Bisang 2009) to make reference clear by discourse marking? Chinese pressure points on linguistic theory center on these ‘three zeros’. Zero subjects have influenced a broader research category of topic-centered languages. Zero anaphora influenced reference tracking beyond the sentence. Zero tense expanded understanding of time and aspect. The process of the shift comes from international networks of multilingual scholars of Chinese. They have collaborated to form a critical mass of explicitly comparative, empirical research. Chinese interdisciplinary research has been especially influential in typology, child language, cross-cultural communications, translation and artificial intelligence. Fifty years ago, mainstream conferences, textbooks, books, and journals almost never featured Chinese. Now they routinely do.
{"title":"How the Chinese language encourages the paradigm shift toward discourse in linguistics","authors":"M. Erbaugh","doi":"10.1075/CLD.00015.ERB","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.00015.ERB","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The Chinese language has encouraged the paradigm shift in linguistics away from Chomsky-style sentence-internal\u0000 rules toward usage-based discourse. Analysts have debated two possibilities: is Chinese an allegedly ‘inferior’ and ambiguous\u0000 language because it rests on the ‘three zeros’: zero subjects, zero anaphora, and zero tense? Or does Chinese use ‘hidden\u0000 complexity’ (Bisang 2009) to make reference clear by discourse marking? Chinese\u0000 pressure points on linguistic theory center on these ‘three zeros’. Zero subjects have influenced a broader research category of\u0000 topic-centered languages. Zero anaphora influenced reference tracking beyond the sentence. Zero tense expanded understanding of\u0000 time and aspect. The process of the shift comes from international networks of multilingual scholars of Chinese. They have\u0000 collaborated to form a critical mass of explicitly comparative, empirical research. Chinese interdisciplinary research has been\u0000 especially influential in typology, child language, cross-cultural communications, translation and artificial intelligence. Fifty\u0000 years ago, mainstream conferences, textbooks, books, and journals almost never featured Chinese. Now they routinely do.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73842212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines tone mergers in Hong Kong Cantonese from the perspective of variationist sociolinguistics. It approaches the issue of whether Cantonese has six or nine tones by focusing on two ongoing tone mergers: (1) the merger of yin qu T3 and yang qu T6, and (2) the merger of lower yin ru T8 and yang ru T9. Speech data from fifty native Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong were collected and analyzed. The change routes and constraint patterns of the two mergers were compared and found to be similar. The results support the six-tone system for Hong Kong Cantonese. This study serves as an example of how the variationist approach can be used in phonological debates.
{"title":"A variationist approach to tone categorization in Cantonese","authors":"Jingwei Zhang, Yan-Yu Zhang, Daming Xu","doi":"10.1075/CLD.18008.ZHA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.18008.ZHA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examines tone mergers in Hong Kong Cantonese from the perspective of variationist sociolinguistics. It\u0000 approaches the issue of whether Cantonese has six or nine tones by focusing on two ongoing tone mergers: (1) the merger of\u0000 yin qu T3 and yang qu T6, and (2) the merger of lower yin ru T8 and\u0000 yang ru T9. Speech data from fifty native Cantonese speakers in Hong Kong were collected and analyzed. The\u0000 change routes and constraint patterns of the two mergers were compared and found to be similar. The results support the six-tone\u0000 system for Hong Kong Cantonese. This study serves as an example of how the variationist approach can be used in phonological\u0000 debates.","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91186145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Theoretical Construction and Empirical Research in Global Chinese 978-7-5138-1525-3
本文综述了《全球汉语》的理论建构与实证研究
{"title":"刁晏斌 (Diao, Yanbin). 2018. 《全球华语的理论建构与实证研究》(Theoretical Construction and Empirical Research in Global\u0000 Chinese). Beijing: Sinolingua.","authors":"Xiaomei Wang, Shangxin Zheng","doi":"10.1075/CLD.00013.WAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/CLD.00013.WAN","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Theoretical Construction and Empirical Research in Global Chinese 978-7-5138-1525-3","PeriodicalId":42144,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Language and Discourse","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81204939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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