Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.209349.1174
Hend Sabry, Mahmoud Saad, Samah El Shafiey
Silkworms, being an important source of silk fiber, require adequate nutrition for optimal growth and cocoon formation. However, conventional methods often fall short in meeting their dietary requirements. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Taxodium distichum essential oil as a natural product to enhance vitality and silk production in the 5 th larval instar of Bombyx mori , commonly known as mulberry silkworm. The investigation involved employing biochemical and histological approaches. Among the different concentrations tested, a 1% oil concentration exhibited the most significant effects on larval weight (5.004 g), silk gland weight (1.378 g), fresh cocoon weight (1.772 g), and cocoon shell weight (0.386 g) when compared to non-treated larvae. Furthermore, this concentration also resulted in notable improvements in several silk-related parameters such as cocoon silk ratio (21.89%), length of the silk thread (1272.96 m), weight of filament silk (0.390 g), and size of the silk filament measured at 2.212 denier (dn) when compared to other used concentrations and control groups. The tested oil was identified through GC/MS analysis, which revealed that α-pinene was the major compound, representing 74.36% of the total oil composition. Small amounts of other compounds were also identified, including Cis-Thujopsene (8.39%), Sabinene (4.09%), β-Pinene (3.08%), α-Myrcene (2.19%), and Bornyl acetate (1.34%). Histological investigation of larval brains showed no noticeable abnormal pathological changes in treated larvae compared to the negative control group. Observations revealed that the neural lamella extended continuously around the brain in a regular manner, with a dense layer consisting of neurons and glial cells beneath it. The essential oil from T. distichum induced significant biochemical changes in treated larvae, leading to decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase and increased activity levels of Glutathione S-transferase, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Malondialdehyde when compared to their respective negative control group. In conclusion, treatment with T.distichum essential oil enhanced larval vitality in mulberry silkworms ( Bombyx mori ), preserved their brain structure, and improved silk production by promoting an antioxidant defense system against oxidative
{"title":"Reinforce the Silkworms' Nutrition Using Essential Oil of Taxodium distichum' Fruits: A Prospective Way to Improve Silk Production","authors":"Hend Sabry, Mahmoud Saad, Samah El Shafiey","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.209349.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.209349.1174","url":null,"abstract":"Silkworms, being an important source of silk fiber, require adequate nutrition for optimal growth and cocoon formation. However, conventional methods often fall short in meeting their dietary requirements. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of Taxodium distichum essential oil as a natural product to enhance vitality and silk production in the 5 th larval instar of Bombyx mori , commonly known as mulberry silkworm. The investigation involved employing biochemical and histological approaches. Among the different concentrations tested, a 1% oil concentration exhibited the most significant effects on larval weight (5.004 g), silk gland weight (1.378 g), fresh cocoon weight (1.772 g), and cocoon shell weight (0.386 g) when compared to non-treated larvae. Furthermore, this concentration also resulted in notable improvements in several silk-related parameters such as cocoon silk ratio (21.89%), length of the silk thread (1272.96 m), weight of filament silk (0.390 g), and size of the silk filament measured at 2.212 denier (dn) when compared to other used concentrations and control groups. The tested oil was identified through GC/MS analysis, which revealed that α-pinene was the major compound, representing 74.36% of the total oil composition. Small amounts of other compounds were also identified, including Cis-Thujopsene (8.39%), Sabinene (4.09%), β-Pinene (3.08%), α-Myrcene (2.19%), and Bornyl acetate (1.34%). Histological investigation of larval brains showed no noticeable abnormal pathological changes in treated larvae compared to the negative control group. Observations revealed that the neural lamella extended continuously around the brain in a regular manner, with a dense layer consisting of neurons and glial cells beneath it. The essential oil from T. distichum induced significant biochemical changes in treated larvae, leading to decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase and increased activity levels of Glutathione S-transferase, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, and Malondialdehyde when compared to their respective negative control group. In conclusion, treatment with T.distichum essential oil enhanced larval vitality in mulberry silkworms ( Bombyx mori ), preserved their brain structure, and improved silk production by promoting an antioxidant defense system against oxidative","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135805880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.202456.1165
Eman Abd-ElAzeem, Asmaa El-Sayd, Fatma ElAkhrasy
. ABSTRACT Our goal nowadays is to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and replace them with biocides, aiming to mitigate environmental pollution and minimize the impact of climate change. In this study, we successfully demonstrated the toxic effects of Acremonium sp., a bioagent that produces the protease enzyme, in comparison to the conventional pesticide methomyl, on the land snails Monacha cartusiana and Theba pisana . We also examined the corresponding histological responses of these snails under controlled laboratory conditions. The mortality percentages increased with increasing the concentration of protease derived from Acremonium sp. and the duration of exposure. For the highest concentrations (20%) of Acremonium sp. and (2%) of methomyl, the mortality rates after 96 hrs were 53.33%, 26.67%, 93.33%, and 86.67% for M. cartusiana and T. pisana , respectively, using the poisonous baits technique. Conversely, the dipping technique yielded mortality rates of 100%, 46.67%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The dipping technique proved to be more effective than the poisonous baits technique, with M. cartusiana displaying greater sensitivity compared to T. pisana . Histological examinations of snails exposed to methomyl revealed significant alterations in the digestive glands, resulting in the loss of their normal architecture. This damage subsequently impaired feeding and movement activities, potentially leading to snail mortality. Microbial agents demonstrated promising results as molluscicides, providing a cost-effective and superior alternative to chemical-based molluscicides for managing snail pests in Egyptian agriculture. Notably, Acremonium sp. induced various histopathological disorders in the treated snails
{"title":"Evaluating the Effectiveness of Acremonium sp. Protease as a Natural Molluscicide Agent: A Toxicological and Histological Investigation on Land Snails","authors":"Eman Abd-ElAzeem, Asmaa El-Sayd, Fatma ElAkhrasy","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.202456.1165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.202456.1165","url":null,"abstract":". ABSTRACT Our goal nowadays is to reduce the use of chemical pesticides and replace them with biocides, aiming to mitigate environmental pollution and minimize the impact of climate change. In this study, we successfully demonstrated the toxic effects of Acremonium sp., a bioagent that produces the protease enzyme, in comparison to the conventional pesticide methomyl, on the land snails Monacha cartusiana and Theba pisana . We also examined the corresponding histological responses of these snails under controlled laboratory conditions. The mortality percentages increased with increasing the concentration of protease derived from Acremonium sp. and the duration of exposure. For the highest concentrations (20%) of Acremonium sp. and (2%) of methomyl, the mortality rates after 96 hrs were 53.33%, 26.67%, 93.33%, and 86.67% for M. cartusiana and T. pisana , respectively, using the poisonous baits technique. Conversely, the dipping technique yielded mortality rates of 100%, 46.67%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The dipping technique proved to be more effective than the poisonous baits technique, with M. cartusiana displaying greater sensitivity compared to T. pisana . Histological examinations of snails exposed to methomyl revealed significant alterations in the digestive glands, resulting in the loss of their normal architecture. This damage subsequently impaired feeding and movement activities, potentially leading to snail mortality. Microbial agents demonstrated promising results as molluscicides, providing a cost-effective and superior alternative to chemical-based molluscicides for managing snail pests in Egyptian agriculture. Notably, Acremonium sp. induced various histopathological disorders in the treated snails","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135855782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in defending mosquitoes against micro-organisms. The objective of this study was to identify AMPs produced in the hemolymph of Culex (Cx.) pipiens mosquitoes following bacterial infection. Mosquito larvae were collected from the Nahia drainage conduit in Giza Governorate and treated with Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362. The lethal concentration (LC50 and LC80) values were determined at concentrations of 0.042 and 0.174 ppm, respectively. The protein profiles of both treated and untreated Cx. pipiens mosquito larvae were analyzed using SDS-PAGE in a Bio-Rad cell. The analysis revealed the presence of several polypeptides, including Megacin β, α, and γ forms (15, 29.2, and 39.8 kDa), Gambicin (7.5 kDa), Diptericin (9.4 kDa), Attacin (23.8 kDa), and Subtilisin (27.6 kDa). Additionally, B. sphaericus double toxin Bin A (41.9 kDa) and Bin B (51.6 kDa) were observed, which are synthesized during sporulation and co-crystallize within bacteria. Furthermore, soluble mosquitocidal toxins Mtx1 (98.6 kDa) and Mtx2 (31 kDa) produced during vegetative growth were identified. Lastly, the two-component crystalline toxins Cry48Aa1 (135 kDa) and Cry49Aa1 (52.8 kDa) were detected. Understanding the mechanism behind mosquito resistance to bacterial pathogens is essential for developing strategies to combat this resistance.
{"title":"Characterization of Antibacterial Peptides in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Response to Bacillus sphaericus infection","authors":"Doaa Mohamed, Nahla Wassim, Tito Habib, Howayda Khaled","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.221522.1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.221522.1181","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a crucial role in defending mosquitoes against micro-organisms. The objective of this study was to identify AMPs produced in the hemolymph of Culex (Cx.) pipiens mosquitoes following bacterial infection. Mosquito larvae were collected from the Nahia drainage conduit in Giza Governorate and treated with Bacillus sphaericus strain 2362. The lethal concentration (LC50 and LC80) values were determined at concentrations of 0.042 and 0.174 ppm, respectively. The protein profiles of both treated and untreated Cx. pipiens mosquito larvae were analyzed using SDS-PAGE in a Bio-Rad cell. The analysis revealed the presence of several polypeptides, including Megacin β, α, and γ forms (15, 29.2, and 39.8 kDa), Gambicin (7.5 kDa), Diptericin (9.4 kDa), Attacin (23.8 kDa), and Subtilisin (27.6 kDa). Additionally, B. sphaericus double toxin Bin A (41.9 kDa) and Bin B (51.6 kDa) were observed, which are synthesized during sporulation and co-crystallize within bacteria. Furthermore, soluble mosquitocidal toxins Mtx1 (98.6 kDa) and Mtx2 (31 kDa) produced during vegetative growth were identified. Lastly, the two-component crystalline toxins Cry48Aa1 (135 kDa) and Cry49Aa1 (52.8 kDa) were detected. Understanding the mechanism behind mosquito resistance to bacterial pathogens is essential for developing strategies to combat this resistance.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.220193.1179
Mamdouh Serag, Doaa Daadeer, Reham Elfayoumy
{"title":"Antibacterial potential of essential oils extracted from three medicinal plants against some foodborne bacteria","authors":"Mamdouh Serag, Doaa Daadeer, Reham Elfayoumy","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.220193.1179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.220193.1179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135857901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper conducts an extensive review of existing research to present a comprehensive analysis of the global problems caused by climate change, with a particular focus on the events that occurred during the record-breaking hottest year, 2023. Climate change is widely recognized as the defining issue of our time, and we find ourselves at a critical juncture in addressing its repercussions. The effects of climatic changes permeate various aspects of life on Earth, including increasing occurrences of floods, landslides, droughts, storms, sea-level rise, and other natural disasters. With the notion of "global boiling," we aim to intensify awareness and prompt more radical actions to mitigate the worst consequences of climate change. It is designed to sound the alarm and trigger more radical action to stave off the worst of climate change. The escalating global warming, driven by human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, is already significantly altering the Earth's climate and leaving a profound impact on the environment. The melting of glaciers and ice sheets, earlier breakup of lake and river ice, shifts in plant and animal ranges, and earlier blooming of plants and trees are some of the observable manifestations. Furthermore, climate change has emerged as a critical factor in exacerbating the risk and severity of wildfires worldwide, with key influences stemming from temperature variations, soil moisture, and the presence of potential fuel sources such as trees and shrubs. These interconnected factors underscore the direct and indirect ties between climate variability
{"title":"Insights into the UNSG announcement: The end of climate change and the arrival of the global boiling era, July 2023 confirmed as the hottest month recorded in the past 120,000 years","authors":"Abdelraouf Moustafa, Roba Elganainy, Samira Mansour","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.234635.1197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.234635.1197","url":null,"abstract":"This paper conducts an extensive review of existing research to present a comprehensive analysis of the global problems caused by climate change, with a particular focus on the events that occurred during the record-breaking hottest year, 2023. Climate change is widely recognized as the defining issue of our time, and we find ourselves at a critical juncture in addressing its repercussions. The effects of climatic changes permeate various aspects of life on Earth, including increasing occurrences of floods, landslides, droughts, storms, sea-level rise, and other natural disasters. With the notion of \"global boiling,\" we aim to intensify awareness and prompt more radical actions to mitigate the worst consequences of climate change. It is designed to sound the alarm and trigger more radical action to stave off the worst of climate change. The escalating global warming, driven by human emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, is already significantly altering the Earth's climate and leaving a profound impact on the environment. The melting of glaciers and ice sheets, earlier breakup of lake and river ice, shifts in plant and animal ranges, and earlier blooming of plants and trees are some of the observable manifestations. Furthermore, climate change has emerged as a critical factor in exacerbating the risk and severity of wildfires worldwide, with key influences stemming from temperature variations, soil moisture, and the presence of potential fuel sources such as trees and shrubs. These interconnected factors underscore the direct and indirect ties between climate variability","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135807488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.210416.1175
Karima Khater, Ibrahim Shoukry, Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Aziz, Nora Saad
,
{"title":"Influence of Some Biological Control Measures on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)","authors":"Karima Khater, Ibrahim Shoukry, Abdel-Aziz Abdel-Aziz, Nora Saad","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.210416.1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.210416.1175","url":null,"abstract":",","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135857914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.202700.1167
Nerveen Eissa, Amira Ibrahim, M. Soliman
Climate change is a major threat to agricultural sustainability and productivity around the world. For this, modern breeding strategies have focused on improving crop qualities through crop wild relatives (CWRs). Increased genetic diversity and enhanced agricultural resilience through the utilization of crop wild relatives (CWRs), which are closely related to cultivated crops, offer a sustainable approach for crop development amidst ongoing climatic concerns. In order to provide effectively data in agronomic, nutritional, and breeding efficiency traits for crop advances, this study aims to provide some phytochemical proprieties and biochemical attributes for some cultivated plants and their wild relatives belonging to three families; Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae. The main and secondary metabolites of the chosen domesticated plants were differed from those of their wild counterparts, according to the results of the phytochemical screening. Wild Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) has the highest nutrient density (457.21 K cal/ 100 g) and Apium leptophyllum has the lowest (381.94 Kcal/ 100 g). Comparing IC50 values, Daucus carota has the lowest (0.052 mg/ml) and Lactuca serriola has the greatest (0.457 mg/ml) antioxidant activity. Identification of the phytoconstituents and GC-MS analysis is one of the best and accurate techniques to nature of active principles in medicinal plants.
{"title":"Comparative Studies among some Cultivated species and their Wild relatives in Egypt using Phytochemical Screening, Nutritive value, Antioxidant Activity and GC-MS Analysis","authors":"Nerveen Eissa, Amira Ibrahim, M. Soliman","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.202700.1167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.202700.1167","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a major threat to agricultural sustainability and productivity around the world. For this, modern breeding strategies have focused on improving crop qualities through crop wild relatives (CWRs). Increased genetic diversity and enhanced agricultural resilience through the utilization of crop wild relatives (CWRs), which are closely related to cultivated crops, offer a sustainable approach for crop development amidst ongoing climatic concerns. In order to provide effectively data in agronomic, nutritional, and breeding efficiency traits for crop advances, this study aims to provide some phytochemical proprieties and biochemical attributes for some cultivated plants and their wild relatives belonging to three families; Apiaceae, Asteraceae and Brassicaceae. The main and secondary metabolites of the chosen domesticated plants were differed from those of their wild counterparts, according to the results of the phytochemical screening. Wild Lactuca serriola (Asteraceae) has the highest nutrient density (457.21 K cal/ 100 g) and Apium leptophyllum has the lowest (381.94 Kcal/ 100 g). Comparing IC50 values, Daucus carota has the lowest (0.052 mg/ml) and Lactuca serriola has the greatest (0.457 mg/ml) antioxidant activity. Identification of the phytoconstituents and GC-MS analysis is one of the best and accurate techniques to nature of active principles in medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85199027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Wastewater from abattoirs, municipal, agricultural and industrial effluents is a major source of environmental pollution as they consume large amounts of fresh water for meat processing and hygienic purposes. The main objective of the study was to assess the quality of the effluent from Keekonyokie and Kiserian slaughterhouses and its effect on the quality of water in Kiserian dam. Methodology: The parameters measured were pH, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, dissolved oxygen and fecal coliforms (E. coli). Samples were collected from 4 sampling sites three times a week for three months. SPSS (ANOVA) for their significant differences. One-sample t-test used to compare the parameter means with NEMA 2006 standards. Pearson Correlation used for correlation among the parameters. Findings: The mean fecal coliforms 2215.206 mg/l, Phosphorous 47.379 mg/l, Nitrates 36.71 mg/l, TSS 387.57 mg/l which were above the standards of NEMA 2006 of nil, 2, 2 and 30 mg/l respectively while DO was 8.58 mg/l and pH 6.86-7.0 both of which were below the NEMA 2006 standards of 30 mg/l and 6.5-8.5. The results of all parameters were significantly different among the sites (p=0.00). There was significant difference between the parameters and the NEMA 2006. ANOVA results on parameters showed the all coliforms increased with increase in rainfall with the highest levels in September with a mean 18662.7 mg/l and in July with the lowest of 12962.5 mg/l. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study can be used by slaughterhouses developers and management on slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. To be used by slaughterhouses licensing authorities on SWW requirements before licensing. To be used by Public Health Department for disease surveillances and Water Regulatory Management Authority on domestic water treatment.
{"title":"The Quality of Kiserian Slaughterhouses’ Effluent and Its Implication on Kiserian Dam Water in Kajiado County, Kenya","authors":"Leah Ngare, E. Kitur","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1984","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Wastewater from abattoirs, municipal, agricultural and industrial effluents is a major source of environmental pollution as they consume large amounts of fresh water for meat processing and hygienic purposes. The main objective of the study was to assess the quality of the effluent from Keekonyokie and Kiserian slaughterhouses and its effect on the quality of water in Kiserian dam. \u0000Methodology: The parameters measured were pH, total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, dissolved oxygen and fecal coliforms (E. coli). Samples were collected from 4 sampling sites three times a week for three months. SPSS (ANOVA) for their significant differences. One-sample t-test used to compare the parameter means with NEMA 2006 standards. Pearson Correlation used for correlation among the parameters. \u0000Findings: The mean fecal coliforms 2215.206 mg/l, Phosphorous 47.379 mg/l, Nitrates 36.71 mg/l, TSS 387.57 mg/l which were above the standards of NEMA 2006 of nil, 2, 2 and 30 mg/l respectively while DO was 8.58 mg/l and pH 6.86-7.0 both of which were below the NEMA 2006 standards of 30 mg/l and 6.5-8.5. The results of all parameters were significantly different among the sites (p=0.00). There was significant difference between the parameters and the NEMA 2006. ANOVA results on parameters showed the all coliforms increased with increase in rainfall with the highest levels in September with a mean 18662.7 mg/l and in July with the lowest of 12962.5 mg/l. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study can be used by slaughterhouses developers and management on slaughterhouse wastewater treatment. To be used by slaughterhouses licensing authorities on SWW requirements before licensing. To be used by Public Health Department for disease surveillances and Water Regulatory Management Authority on domestic water treatment.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"154 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73485734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To investigate the current cutting down of trees as a human rights abuse in the global world. Methodology: The study employed a documentary review secondary data collection method. Documentary review is a data collection technique in which data is gathered from reports, journals, Magazines, Newspapers, and articles that have data linked to the research being undertaken (Creswell, 2014). A documentary review was employed to investigate the current cutting down of trees as a human rights abuse in the global world by examining the causes, impacts, and how it’s an abuse of human rights. Findings: It was found out that cutting down trees in the forest is deforestation. The direct causes are caused by people who clear land for crops, and animal grazing and obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. The study found that deforestation affects many species that are so specialized to microhabitats within the forest that they can only be found in small areas. Their specialization makes them vulnerable to extinction. In addition to the species lost when an area is totally deforested, the plants and animals in the fragments of forest that remain also become increasingly vulnerable, sometimes even committed, to extinction. The edges of the fragments dry out and are buffeted by hot winds; mature rainforest trees often die standing at the margins. Cascading changes in the types of trees, plants, and insects that can survive in the fragments rapidly reduce biodiversity in the forest that remains. The study further found that deforestation is a human rights abuse because it denies people the right to life. Trees reduce the amount of stormwater runoff, which reduces erosion and pollution in our waterways and may reduce the effects of flooding but when they are cut they cause flooding which erodes people’s houses and cause losing lives which is a human rights abuse against the declaration of human rights 1948 (Everyone born in this world has human rights that must be protected by the law). Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: the governments of the global world should work as the team to fight this devise by ending deforestation and thwarting pandemics to address six of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals: the guarantee of healthy lives, zero hunger, gender equality, responsible consumption and production, sustainably managed land, and climate action (intact tropical forests absorb carbon dioxide, whereas burning them sends more CO2 into the atmosphere).
{"title":"An Investigation of Cutting Down of Trees as Human Rights Abuse in the Global World","authors":"M. Rusetuka","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1959","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1959","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the current cutting down of trees as a human rights abuse in the global world. \u0000Methodology: The study employed a documentary review secondary data collection method. Documentary review is a data collection technique in which data is gathered from reports, journals, Magazines, Newspapers, and articles that have data linked to the research being undertaken (Creswell, 2014). A documentary review was employed to investigate the current cutting down of trees as a human rights abuse in the global world by examining the causes, impacts, and how it’s an abuse of human rights. \u0000Findings: It was found out that cutting down trees in the forest is deforestation. The direct causes are caused by people who clear land for crops, and animal grazing and obtain wood for fuel, manufacturing, and construction. The study found that deforestation affects many species that are so specialized to microhabitats within the forest that they can only be found in small areas. Their specialization makes them vulnerable to extinction. In addition to the species lost when an area is totally deforested, the plants and animals in the fragments of forest that remain also become increasingly vulnerable, sometimes even committed, to extinction. The edges of the fragments dry out and are buffeted by hot winds; mature rainforest trees often die standing at the margins. Cascading changes in the types of trees, plants, and insects that can survive in the fragments rapidly reduce biodiversity in the forest that remains. The study further found that deforestation is a human rights abuse because it denies people the right to life. Trees reduce the amount of stormwater runoff, which reduces erosion and pollution in our waterways and may reduce the effects of flooding but when they are cut they cause flooding which erodes people’s houses and cause losing lives which is a human rights abuse against the declaration of human rights 1948 (Everyone born in this world has human rights that must be protected by the law). \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: the governments of the global world should work as the team to fight this devise by ending deforestation and thwarting pandemics to address six of the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals: the guarantee of healthy lives, zero hunger, gender equality, responsible consumption and production, sustainably managed land, and climate action (intact tropical forests absorb carbon dioxide, whereas burning them sends more CO2 into the atmosphere).","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"4 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79952030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.288519
May Labeeb, S. Haroun, Abdelfatah Badr, Magdy Z Matter, A. E. el Kholy
{"title":"Impact of ecofriendly synthesized silver nanoparticles on yield parameters and molecular traits of pea (Pisum sativum L.)","authors":"May Labeeb, S. Haroun, Abdelfatah Badr, Magdy Z Matter, A. E. el Kholy","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.288519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.288519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78048778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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