Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.201982.1164
F. Ibraheem, Mohamed Abu-Ria, Samy A. Abo-Hamed, G. Anis, W. Shukry
Salinity stress is a major constraint for rice growth and productivity. Rice cultivars with considerable salt tolerant capabilities have been developed and improving their performance in the salt-affected lands is crucial. Herein, the effects of humic acid (100 mg/l) as a stress-alleviator and a biostimulant on the germination, vegetative growth, and yield of Giza 179 rice cultivar under increased salinity (0.55, 3.40, 6.77, 8.00 mS/cm) were investigated. The humic acid-induced effects were also validated in salt-affected field. Salinity retarded Giza 179 germination-related traits which were associated with a significant decline in Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) content and α-amylase activity. Also, salinity reduced the Giza 179 vegetative growth which was correlated with accumulation of shoot Na + , proline, and total soluble proteins (TSP), induction of membrane injury, and reduction of photosynthetic pigments. Humic acid significantly decreased most of the salinity-induced injury; however, it increased the salinity-induced synthesis of proline and TSP. The deteriorative effects of salinity during germination and vegetative stages were translated into significant reduction in grain yield and quality whereas the ameliorative effects of humic acid against salinity were reflected in better overall growth and yield. These results indicate the efficacy of humic acid in maintaining vigorous germination, growth, and yield in salt-affected lands.
{"title":"Humic acid improves germination, vegetative growth, and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under salinity stress","authors":"F. Ibraheem, Mohamed Abu-Ria, Samy A. Abo-Hamed, G. Anis, W. Shukry","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.201982.1164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.201982.1164","url":null,"abstract":"Salinity stress is a major constraint for rice growth and productivity. Rice cultivars with considerable salt tolerant capabilities have been developed and improving their performance in the salt-affected lands is crucial. Herein, the effects of humic acid (100 mg/l) as a stress-alleviator and a biostimulant on the germination, vegetative growth, and yield of Giza 179 rice cultivar under increased salinity (0.55, 3.40, 6.77, 8.00 mS/cm) were investigated. The humic acid-induced effects were also validated in salt-affected field. Salinity retarded Giza 179 germination-related traits which were associated with a significant decline in Gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) content and α-amylase activity. Also, salinity reduced the Giza 179 vegetative growth which was correlated with accumulation of shoot Na + , proline, and total soluble proteins (TSP), induction of membrane injury, and reduction of photosynthetic pigments. Humic acid significantly decreased most of the salinity-induced injury; however, it increased the salinity-induced synthesis of proline and TSP. The deteriorative effects of salinity during germination and vegetative stages were translated into significant reduction in grain yield and quality whereas the ameliorative effects of humic acid against salinity were reflected in better overall growth and yield. These results indicate the efficacy of humic acid in maintaining vigorous germination, growth, and yield in salt-affected lands.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79567701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.295257
Faten Abo El-Dahab, M. Baz, Y. El-Sayed, Rasha Abdel Hameed, Abdel_Meguid Abla
The most important factor influencing the growth and survival of mosquito larvae is temperature. As a result, changes in the surrounding temperature may have an effect on the chemicals' toxicity to mosquitoes. The goal of the current study was to determine how temperature affected Culex pipiens' reactions to Commiphora molmol resin, Mirazid, crystalline (CASA), and acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical form (PASA). Bioassay tests were carried out on the 3 rd instar larvae under laboratory conditions, and the LC 50 of each compound was determined. The LC 50 of the four compounds were used to study the temperature-toxicity relationship, while the LC 50 of Mirazid and (PASA), as the most toxic compounds, were used for further biochemical studies. Results indicated that, Mirazid was the most toxic compound, with LC 50 of 28.3 ppm followed by C. molmol resin with LC 50 of 41.6 ppm while the CASA was the least toxic compound with LC 50 of 799.7 ppm. The temperature has a considerable impact on Cx. pipiens larval susceptibility to the tested compounds. High temperature (36 ̊C) resulted in high mortality rate (72.88, 78.20, 58.8 and 62.12 % for of C. molmol resin, Mirazid, CASA and PASA, respectively. Moreover, there were significant changes in α-esterase, β–esterase and glutathione -S-transferase levels as well as the total protein content in the treated larvae due to the change in temperature. The efficacy of Mirazid and C. molmol resin under wide range of temperatures made these compounds suitable candidates for controlling Cx. pipiens .
{"title":"Influence of temperature on the efficiency of Commiphora molmol and Acetylsalicylic acid against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)","authors":"Faten Abo El-Dahab, M. Baz, Y. El-Sayed, Rasha Abdel Hameed, Abdel_Meguid Abla","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.295257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.295257","url":null,"abstract":"The most important factor influencing the growth and survival of mosquito larvae is temperature. As a result, changes in the surrounding temperature may have an effect on the chemicals' toxicity to mosquitoes. The goal of the current study was to determine how temperature affected Culex pipiens' reactions to Commiphora molmol resin, Mirazid, crystalline (CASA), and acetylsalicylic acid in pharmaceutical form (PASA). Bioassay tests were carried out on the 3 rd instar larvae under laboratory conditions, and the LC 50 of each compound was determined. The LC 50 of the four compounds were used to study the temperature-toxicity relationship, while the LC 50 of Mirazid and (PASA), as the most toxic compounds, were used for further biochemical studies. Results indicated that, Mirazid was the most toxic compound, with LC 50 of 28.3 ppm followed by C. molmol resin with LC 50 of 41.6 ppm while the CASA was the least toxic compound with LC 50 of 799.7 ppm. The temperature has a considerable impact on Cx. pipiens larval susceptibility to the tested compounds. High temperature (36 ̊C) resulted in high mortality rate (72.88, 78.20, 58.8 and 62.12 % for of C. molmol resin, Mirazid, CASA and PASA, respectively. Moreover, there were significant changes in α-esterase, β–esterase and glutathione -S-transferase levels as well as the total protein content in the treated larvae due to the change in temperature. The efficacy of Mirazid and C. molmol resin under wide range of temperatures made these compounds suitable candidates for controlling Cx. pipiens .","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81693836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.295260
A. Shokr, omnia Abd-Elsalam, H. Hamedo, Naglaa Elshafey
The amount of non-biodegradable plastic waste on our planet is enormous. Natural materials like biomaterials are among the finest replacements for manmade plastics. In order to assist microorganisms resist severe environments, certain microbes generate bioplastics, which are lipid polyesters that build up as storage materials. The primary goal of this investigation was to isolate and characterize cultivable bacteria and fungi capable of producing bioplastics from North Sinai from different sources, such as saline soil, olive pomace, landfills, and seawater. Seven bacterial and five fungal isolates were selected from a total of 108 isolates to assay for PHB production and the selected isolates were stained with Sudan Black B for PHB formation, while Nile Blue A staining was used to detect the presence of PHA granules. All promising bacterial isolates with the highest PHB accumulation were identified as Halomonas, Lysinibacillus , Mesobacillus, Paracoccus, Paraliobacillus, Glutamicibacter, and Aquamicrobium ; most fungal isolates were yeasts, identified as Rhodotorula, Hortaea, Meyerozyma, and Sarocladium by morphological and biochemical characterization and confirmed by molecular techniques.
{"title":"Isolation and identification of Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)-producing microorganisms from various sources in North Sinai","authors":"A. Shokr, omnia Abd-Elsalam, H. Hamedo, Naglaa Elshafey","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.295260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.295260","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of non-biodegradable plastic waste on our planet is enormous. Natural materials like biomaterials are among the finest replacements for manmade plastics. In order to assist microorganisms resist severe environments, certain microbes generate bioplastics, which are lipid polyesters that build up as storage materials. The primary goal of this investigation was to isolate and characterize cultivable bacteria and fungi capable of producing bioplastics from North Sinai from different sources, such as saline soil, olive pomace, landfills, and seawater. Seven bacterial and five fungal isolates were selected from a total of 108 isolates to assay for PHB production and the selected isolates were stained with Sudan Black B for PHB formation, while Nile Blue A staining was used to detect the presence of PHA granules. All promising bacterial isolates with the highest PHB accumulation were identified as Halomonas, Lysinibacillus , Mesobacillus, Paracoccus, Paraliobacillus, Glutamicibacter, and Aquamicrobium ; most fungal isolates were yeasts, identified as Rhodotorula, Hortaea, Meyerozyma, and Sarocladium by morphological and biochemical characterization and confirmed by molecular techniques.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85808723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.198301.1161
Ahmed M. Fouad, A. Moustafa, M. Zaghloul, M. Arnous
Climate change is a critical worldwide concern that affects every aspect of existence and all living beings. The study of climate change's impact on invasive species has piqued the interest of researchers worldwide due to the possible ramifications for biodiversity and vulnerable species protection. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud. (Poaceae) is regarded as one of the most crucial invaders with a high tolerance for climate change impacts, particularly increased salinity, temperature, and atmospheric CO 2 , which may alter the surrounding ecosystems, and its uncontrolled spread may result in biodiversity deterioration. Because of its ecological importance and applications, common reed requires sustainable management to reap the majority of its benefits without damaging the environment, which requires a thorough understanding of its behavior in light of climate change. The following review article intends to investigate the response of the common reed to significant climate change factors including as salinity, temperature, and atmospheric CO 2 in Egypt, as well as to highlight rehabilitation solutions. Therefore, it is projected that the common reed population would continue to grow under the current climate change key drivers in Egypt, necessitating greater mitigation and adaption procedures from the government, academia, and society.
{"title":"Unraveling the Impact of Global Warming on Phragmites australis Distribution in Egypt","authors":"Ahmed M. Fouad, A. Moustafa, M. Zaghloul, M. Arnous","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.198301.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.198301.1161","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is a critical worldwide concern that affects every aspect of existence and all living beings. The study of climate change's impact on invasive species has piqued the interest of researchers worldwide due to the possible ramifications for biodiversity and vulnerable species protection. Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. Ex Steud. (Poaceae) is regarded as one of the most crucial invaders with a high tolerance for climate change impacts, particularly increased salinity, temperature, and atmospheric CO 2 , which may alter the surrounding ecosystems, and its uncontrolled spread may result in biodiversity deterioration. Because of its ecological importance and applications, common reed requires sustainable management to reap the majority of its benefits without damaging the environment, which requires a thorough understanding of its behavior in light of climate change. The following review article intends to investigate the response of the common reed to significant climate change factors including as salinity, temperature, and atmospheric CO 2 in Egypt, as well as to highlight rehabilitation solutions. Therefore, it is projected that the common reed population would continue to grow under the current climate change key drivers in Egypt, necessitating greater mitigation and adaption procedures from the government, academia, and society.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88374235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.304760
Saddam Mahdi, Mohamed R Abdelaal, G. El-Sherbeny, I. Mashaly, A. Yahia, Samah Ramadan
Wild medicinal plants have gain attention due to their active secondary metabolites that possess distinctive therapeutic and pharmacological properties. This study focused on estimating the phytochemical content of Phlomis floccosa D. Don and Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, two medicinal plant species collected from Marsa Matrouh City in Egypt. Water, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts were prepared from both species for antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH assay method. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was utilized to identify essential oils present in the aerial part of both species while antibacterial activity against nine isolates was also evaluated. Our results revealed that water extracts of P. floccosa and G.coronaria contained higher amounts of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins than other extract types tested. In terms of essential oil components, P. floccosa' s aqueous extraction yielded 19 oxygenated as well as non-oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds; whereas, G. coronaria's extracted oil contained forty-six volatile compounds including 17 hydrocarbons, five terpenes, eighteen fatty acids/lipids, six steroids etc., respectively. Finally, in relation to antimicrobial effects observed: Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by water extract of P. floccosa ; on the other hand, G. coronaria exhibited inhibitory effects against Bacillus cereus , Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , and S. epidermidis by the use of its aqueous or methanolic solvent systems. Generally, it can be concluded that these plant species may provide promising sources of natural products with antioxidant and antibacterial activities
野生药用植物因其活性次生代谢物具有独特的治疗和药理作用而备受关注。本研究主要对絮团菌(Phlomis flocosa D. Don)和冠状Glebionis coronaria (L.)的植物化学成分进行了测定。卡斯。ex Spach，采自埃及Marsa Matrouh市的两种药用植物。分别从两种植物中提取水、甲醇和石油醚提取物，采用DPPH法测定其抗氧化活性。此外，利用气相色谱-质谱法鉴定了两种植物的空气部分存在的精油，并评估了对9个分离株的抗菌活性。结果表明，水提物中酚类、类黄酮、单宁、生物碱和皂苷的含量高于其他提取物。在精油成分方面，水提法得到19种含氧和非含氧烃类化合物;而金冠提取物中含有46种挥发性化合物，分别为17种碳氢化合物、5种萜烯、18种脂肪酸/脂类、6种类固醇等。最后，在抗菌作用方面观察到:絮凝草水提物对枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有抑制作用;另一方面，冠状芽孢杆菌对蜡样芽孢杆菌、单核增生李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌均表现出抑制作用。总的来说，这些植物可能是具有抗氧化和抗菌活性的天然产物的有希望的来源
{"title":"Phytochemical content, antioxidant activity, essential oils, and antibacterial potential of Egyptian Phlomis floccosa D. Don and Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach","authors":"Saddam Mahdi, Mohamed R Abdelaal, G. El-Sherbeny, I. Mashaly, A. Yahia, Samah Ramadan","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.304760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.304760","url":null,"abstract":"Wild medicinal plants have gain attention due to their active secondary metabolites that possess distinctive therapeutic and pharmacological properties. This study focused on estimating the phytochemical content of Phlomis floccosa D. Don and Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, two medicinal plant species collected from Marsa Matrouh City in Egypt. Water, methanol, and petroleum ether extracts were prepared from both species for antioxidant activity assessment using the DPPH assay method. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry was utilized to identify essential oils present in the aerial part of both species while antibacterial activity against nine isolates was also evaluated. Our results revealed that water extracts of P. floccosa and G.coronaria contained higher amounts of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and saponins than other extract types tested. In terms of essential oil components, P. floccosa' s aqueous extraction yielded 19 oxygenated as well as non-oxygenated hydrocarbon compounds; whereas, G. coronaria's extracted oil contained forty-six volatile compounds including 17 hydrocarbons, five terpenes, eighteen fatty acids/lipids, six steroids etc., respectively. Finally, in relation to antimicrobial effects observed: Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by water extract of P. floccosa ; on the other hand, G. coronaria exhibited inhibitory effects against Bacillus cereus , Listeria monocytogenes , Staphylococcus aureus , and S. epidermidis by the use of its aqueous or methanolic solvent systems. Generally, it can be concluded that these plant species may provide promising sources of natural products with antioxidant and antibacterial activities","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82260456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.194317.1158
B. Omar, Randa Zalouk, S. Soliman, M. El-Gammal
The present study aims to optimize the disinfection process at the El-Nobarya water treatment plant by developing a disinfection profile and utilizing CT tables as a secondary strategy, along with enhanced coagulation (EC), to achieve a constant reduction in Trihalomethanes (THM) levels and ensure adequate pathogen removal. Temperature effect was studied as chlorine profile was calculated based on highest and lowest water temperature recorded in the plant. Plant processes configuration (baffling factor) and efficiency (log removal) role in reducing chlorine dose by increasing contact time and reducing the log removal required was also determined. The results of disinfection profile revealed that more than 30 log inactivation of Giardia in summer and 11 log inactivation in winter was achieved by disinfection process. The log inactivation was reduced to 8 log in summer and 2.7 log in winter consequently. THM was reduced by more than 50%, even with high temperature and natural organic matter (NOM) level. Moreover, Giardia cysts were completely absent in the treated water. Chlorine dose was reduced from 8 to 5-5.5 gm/m³ with saving of 13000 EP /month. The results of the present study will help operators, consultants, and government agencies to reduce Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) for existing
本研究旨在优化El-Nobarya水处理厂的消毒过程，通过制定消毒概况和利用CT表作为次要策略，以及强化混凝(EC)，以实现三卤甲烷(THM)水平的持续降低，并确保充分的病原体去除。研究了温度效应，根据工厂记录的最高和最低水温计算氯分布。还确定了工厂工艺配置(阻碍因素)和效率(原木去除)在通过增加接触时间和减少所需原木去除来减少氯剂量方面的作用。消毒剖面结果表明，该方法夏季灭活贾第鞭毛虫30余根，冬季灭活贾第鞭毛虫11根。夏季和冬季的失活原木分别减少到8和2.7。即使在高温和天然有机质(NOM)水平下，THM也能降低50%以上。此外，处理后的水中完全没有贾第鞭毛虫囊肿。氯用量由8 gm/m³减少到5-5.5 gm/m³，节约13000 EP /月。本研究的结果将有助于运营商、顾问和政府机构减少现有的消毒副产物(DBPs)
{"title":"Controlling Disinfection By-Products using Chlorine Profile and CT Tables at EL-Nobarya Drinking Water Treatment Plant, Egypt","authors":"B. Omar, Randa Zalouk, S. Soliman, M. El-Gammal","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.194317.1158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.194317.1158","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to optimize the disinfection process at the El-Nobarya water treatment plant by developing a disinfection profile and utilizing CT tables as a secondary strategy, along with enhanced coagulation (EC), to achieve a constant reduction in Trihalomethanes (THM) levels and ensure adequate pathogen removal. Temperature effect was studied as chlorine profile was calculated based on highest and lowest water temperature recorded in the plant. Plant processes configuration (baffling factor) and efficiency (log removal) role in reducing chlorine dose by increasing contact time and reducing the log removal required was also determined. The results of disinfection profile revealed that more than 30 log inactivation of Giardia in summer and 11 log inactivation in winter was achieved by disinfection process. The log inactivation was reduced to 8 log in summer and 2.7 log in winter consequently. THM was reduced by more than 50%, even with high temperature and natural organic matter (NOM) level. Moreover, Giardia cysts were completely absent in the treated water. Chlorine dose was reduced from 8 to 5-5.5 gm/m³ with saving of 13000 EP /month. The results of the present study will help operators, consultants, and government agencies to reduce Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) for existing","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81272869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2023.208767.1173
K. H. El-Ezaby, A. Soliman, A. Hasaballah
The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of using agricultural waste (rice straw), along-with sand and gravel (treatment system A), to treat grey wastewater in comparison to other treatment systems (B, C, and D), which contain diverse treatment media, like sand and gravel only, activated carbon beside sand and gravel, and fired clay along-with sand and gravel, respectively, as wastewater filters. Grey wastewater samples were collected from three selected homes in Damietta Governorate, Egypt, and treated using the four different treatment systems. According to the standard methods of analyses, some physico-chemical characteristics of the grey wastewater, including: temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, EC, NH 3 , O.P, BOD, and COD, were examined before and after the treatment. Moreover, microbiological characteristics such as TBC, TC, and E. coli were also inspected. The results showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of the treated grey wastewater via the applied treatment systems complied with the ESL for effluents discharged to the sewer systems. The outcomes revealed that the cost-effective treatment system (A) was the best in removing some physico-chemical characteristics compared to the other applied systems, especially in removing BOD, TDS, and EC with mean percent removal of 77.54±4.21%, 47.74±17.62%, and 45.84±16.96%, respectively. Simultaneously, this system achieved good elimination of Turbidity, COD, NH 3 , and OP with mean removal rates of 86.14±10.49%, 84.76±1.77%, 74.5±16.11%, and 71.77±8.12%, successively. Moreover, it has substantially removed some microbiological characteristics from the grey wastewater without disinfection and attained removal rates of 94.42% and 69.33% for E. coli and TBC, respectively.
{"title":"Rice Straw as a Sustainable Treatment Medium for Grey Wastewater: Case Study in Damietta, Egypt","authors":"K. H. El-Ezaby, A. Soliman, A. Hasaballah","doi":"10.21608/cat.2023.208767.1173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2023.208767.1173","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of using agricultural waste (rice straw), along-with sand and gravel (treatment system A), to treat grey wastewater in comparison to other treatment systems (B, C, and D), which contain diverse treatment media, like sand and gravel only, activated carbon beside sand and gravel, and fired clay along-with sand and gravel, respectively, as wastewater filters. Grey wastewater samples were collected from three selected homes in Damietta Governorate, Egypt, and treated using the four different treatment systems. According to the standard methods of analyses, some physico-chemical characteristics of the grey wastewater, including: temperature, pH, turbidity, TDS, EC, NH 3 , O.P, BOD, and COD, were examined before and after the treatment. Moreover, microbiological characteristics such as TBC, TC, and E. coli were also inspected. The results showed that the physico-chemical characteristics of the treated grey wastewater via the applied treatment systems complied with the ESL for effluents discharged to the sewer systems. The outcomes revealed that the cost-effective treatment system (A) was the best in removing some physico-chemical characteristics compared to the other applied systems, especially in removing BOD, TDS, and EC with mean percent removal of 77.54±4.21%, 47.74±17.62%, and 45.84±16.96%, respectively. Simultaneously, this system achieved good elimination of Turbidity, COD, NH 3 , and OP with mean removal rates of 86.14±10.49%, 84.76±1.77%, 74.5±16.11%, and 71.77±8.12%, successively. Moreover, it has substantially removed some microbiological characteristics from the grey wastewater without disinfection and attained removal rates of 94.42% and 69.33% for E. coli and TBC, respectively.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"177 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79881826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Geophysical exploration for water table characteristics were carried out in six (6) communities of Njikoka and environs through which water table depth, depth below the water table, thickness of the saturated zone, depth with reference to mean sea level (MSL) and types of aquifer were deduced. The proven geoelectric sections of the study area based on resisitivity from the subsurface and electrical log which confirmed that depth to water table of Njikoka and environs could range from 15 m – 100 m. Depth below the water table in the study area ranged 40 m (around Nimo, Enugu Agidi) to 200 m (Ifitedunu, Ukpo) while the thicknesses of the saturated zones (aquifers) varies from 25 m to 160 m within the respective communities. Depths to Mean Sea Level were delineated to range from – 20 m to – 198 m as obtained from the difference in the water table depths and the heights above sea level which is the elevations. Methodology: Subsurface geophysical exploration was employed in the research of groundwater availability of Njikoka and environs. Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding which is the subsurface geophysical method was carried out only on two locations in each of the communities. The geophysical investigation was made with Earth Resistivity equipment Findings: From the revealed results the study area is dominated with low land topography and prominently composed of unconfined with less cases of confined aquifer as a result of the geological settings of the study area.
目的:对Njikoka及其周边6个社区进行了地下水位特征的地球物理勘探，推导出地下水位深度、地下水位以下深度、饱和带厚度、参考平均海平面深度(MSL)和含水层类型。根据地下电阻率和电性测井得到的研究区地电剖面证实，Njikoka及其周边地区的地下水位深度在15 m - 100 m之间。研究区地下水位以下深度为40 m (Nimo, Enugu Agidi附近)至200 m (Ifitedunu, Ukpo)，而各群落的饱和带(含水层)厚度从25 m到160 m不等。根据地下水位深度与海平面以上高度(即海拔高度)的差值，将水深与平均海平面的距离划分为- 20米至- 198米。方法:采用地下物探方法对Njikoka及其周边地区的地下水可利用性进行了研究。斯伦贝谢垂直电测深是一种地下地球物理方法，仅在每个社区的两个地点进行。结果表明:受研究区地质环境的影响，研究区以低地形为主，以无承压含水层为主，承压含水层较少。
{"title":"The use of Electrical Resistivity Methods to Investigate Water Table Potentials of Awka South Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria","authors":"Onyenweife I","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1776","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Geophysical exploration for water table characteristics were carried out in six (6) communities of Njikoka and environs through which water table depth, depth below the water table, thickness of the saturated zone, depth with reference to mean sea level (MSL) and types of aquifer were deduced. The proven geoelectric sections of the study area based on resisitivity from the subsurface and electrical log which confirmed that depth to water table of Njikoka and environs could range from 15 m – 100 m. Depth below the water table in the study area ranged 40 m (around Nimo, Enugu Agidi) to 200 m (Ifitedunu, Ukpo) while the thicknesses of the saturated zones (aquifers) varies from 25 m to 160 m within the respective communities. Depths to Mean Sea Level were delineated to range from – 20 m to – 198 m as obtained from the difference in the water table depths and the heights above sea level which is the elevations. \u0000Methodology: Subsurface geophysical exploration was employed in the research of groundwater availability of Njikoka and environs. Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding which is the subsurface geophysical method was carried out only on two locations in each of the communities. The geophysical investigation was made with Earth Resistivity equipment \u0000Findings: From the revealed results the study area is dominated with low land topography and prominently composed of unconfined with less cases of confined aquifer as a result of the geological settings of the study area. ","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75255788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of residence awareness of improper disposal of waste at dumpsite in Igando Community. Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey design type because it is designed to determine the nature of a situation in this case. The data was collected using questionnaire. Findings: A greater percentage of the respondents understand the simple definition term for waste which was quiet encouraging. It shows that the respondents do not know the likely cause of the effects of improper waste disposal. Majority of the respondents indicated environmental pollution as the cause of the effect of improper waste management. The result of improper disposal of waste results to contamination of underground water, retarded growth in plant and animal, it attracts mosquitoes which cause malaria. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that Upgrading of Solous landfill is highly recommended so as to guarantee the integrity of the groundwater quality in the vicinity. Markets for recycled materials need to be encouraged. A reliable waste collection service is needed and waste collection vehicles need to be appropriate to local conditions.
{"title":"Residence Awareness of Improper Disposal of Waste at dump site: A case study of New Igando community","authors":"Tunde Damilola","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1777","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of residence awareness of improper disposal of waste at dumpsite in Igando Community. \u0000Methodology: This study is a descriptive survey design type because it is designed to determine the nature of a situation in this case. The data was collected using questionnaire. \u0000Findings: A greater percentage of the respondents understand the simple definition term for waste which was quiet encouraging. It shows that the respondents do not know the likely cause of the effects of improper waste disposal. Majority of the respondents indicated environmental pollution as the cause of the effect of improper waste management. The result of improper disposal of waste results to contamination of underground water, retarded growth in plant and animal, it attracts mosquitoes which cause malaria. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommended that Upgrading of Solous landfill is highly recommended so as to guarantee the integrity of the groundwater quality in the vicinity. Markets for recycled materials need to be encouraged. A reliable waste collection service is needed and waste collection vehicles need to be appropriate to local conditions.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79952291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The present study sought to investigate the potential health risk associated with gully erosion in addition to environment effect which is commonly investigated upon by researchers. The prevalence of gullies in Calabar Municipal was also a unique factor in this study. Methodology: Data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The main instrument for gathering primary data was the questionnaire design by the researcher and validated with a reliability coefficient of .76. Descriptive statistics of mean, and graphs were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using dependent t-test at .05 level of significant. Findings: The findings revealed that human activities such as farming, intensive and short-period rainfall, improper land use, improper irrigation design, improper discharge of water in the channels¸ soil characteristics where the cause of gully erosion in the study area; while open grassing was not part of the cause of gully erosion in the study area. it was further discovered that effect of gully erosion included, Loss of farmland, threat to vegetations and biodiversity, loss of properties, increase poverty and famine, expansion of degraded land, increase surface runoff, low agricultural production, environmental destruction with significant health implication p<.00<.05. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concluded that there is need for adequate funding, committed political will (not lip-service) and well-articulated sustainable policies are required in other to solve the problems of gully erosion in Calabar municipal.
{"title":"Causes, Effects and Potential Health Risk of Gully Erosion Menace in Calabar Municipal: Residence Perspective","authors":"B. Bassey","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1774","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The present study sought to investigate the potential health risk associated with gully erosion in addition to environment effect which is commonly investigated upon by researchers. The prevalence of gullies in Calabar Municipal was also a unique factor in this study. \u0000Methodology: Data were gathered from both primary and secondary sources. The main instrument for gathering primary data was the questionnaire design by the researcher and validated with a reliability coefficient of .76. Descriptive statistics of mean, and graphs were used to answer the research questions while the hypotheses were tested using dependent t-test at .05 level of significant. \u0000Findings: The findings revealed that human activities such as farming, intensive and short-period rainfall, improper land use, improper irrigation design, improper discharge of water in the channels¸ soil characteristics where the cause of gully erosion in the study area; while open grassing was not part of the cause of gully erosion in the study area. it was further discovered that effect of gully erosion included, Loss of farmland, threat to vegetations and biodiversity, loss of properties, increase poverty and famine, expansion of degraded land, increase surface runoff, low agricultural production, environmental destruction with significant health implication p<.00<.05. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concluded that there is need for adequate funding, committed political will (not lip-service) and well-articulated sustainable policies are required in other to solve the problems of gully erosion in Calabar municipal.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88742499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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