Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2022.130005.1120
Mai I Hussien, B. Soliman, M. Tewfick, David Brochta
Malaria parasites undergo a sequential series of developmental changes as they traverse and invade various tissues of both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. These developmental changes are reflected in the parasites’ morphology, infectivity, gene expression patterns, as well as levels. Midgut and hemolymph sporozoites are completely different from those of salivary gland ones in that they are less capable for infecting their hosts and are less motile. The mosquito factors triggering those developmental changes during, and post salivary gland invasion are largely unknown. To identify and characterise mosquito factors that trigger those essential developmental changes in Plasmodium berghei and strengthen sporozoite development to infect their mammalian host, a UIS4: mCherry -containing line of P. berghei ( Pb ANKA- Cherry- 2204c1) that only has visible mCherry expression following salivary gland invasion, was treated in vitro with adult female mosquito tissue homogenates. The data obtained from using female Anopheles stephensi salivary gland homogenate shows the expression of mCherry protein as red fluorescence in about 70% of treated sporozoites in vitro . Anopheles stephensi midgut homogenate (non-specific tissue), and Aedes aegyptie salivary gland homogenate (non-vector salivary gland) were used as well as UIS4, UIS7, and mCherry genes expression were compared with midgut sporozoites. Treated sporozoites have a transcription profile of the tested genes like that of salivary gland sporozoites. Although the variables causing Plasmodium development following mosquito salivary gland invasion may not be influenced by mosquito species, it does show tissue specificity. As a result, the salivary gland's function as a gateway and invasion is the most crucial and specific phase in disease transmission.
{"title":"Factors triggering Plasmodium development following Anopheles salivary gland invasion","authors":"Mai I Hussien, B. Soliman, M. Tewfick, David Brochta","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.130005.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.130005.1120","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria parasites undergo a sequential series of developmental changes as they traverse and invade various tissues of both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. These developmental changes are reflected in the parasites’ morphology, infectivity, gene expression patterns, as well as levels. Midgut and hemolymph sporozoites are completely different from those of salivary gland ones in that they are less capable for infecting their hosts and are less motile. The mosquito factors triggering those developmental changes during, and post salivary gland invasion are largely unknown. To identify and characterise mosquito factors that trigger those essential developmental changes in Plasmodium berghei and strengthen sporozoite development to infect their mammalian host, a UIS4: mCherry -containing line of P. berghei ( Pb ANKA- Cherry- 2204c1) that only has visible mCherry expression following salivary gland invasion, was treated in vitro with adult female mosquito tissue homogenates. The data obtained from using female Anopheles stephensi salivary gland homogenate shows the expression of mCherry protein as red fluorescence in about 70% of treated sporozoites in vitro . Anopheles stephensi midgut homogenate (non-specific tissue), and Aedes aegyptie salivary gland homogenate (non-vector salivary gland) were used as well as UIS4, UIS7, and mCherry genes expression were compared with midgut sporozoites. Treated sporozoites have a transcription profile of the tested genes like that of salivary gland sporozoites. Although the variables causing Plasmodium development following mosquito salivary gland invasion may not be influenced by mosquito species, it does show tissue specificity. As a result, the salivary gland's function as a gateway and invasion is the most crucial and specific phase in disease transmission.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"278 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89209882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.21608/cat.2022.83230.1089
M. Mossa
{"title":"Effect of Biofumigation with selected Brassicaceae plants on the count and diversity of soil-borne fungi in Arish city, Egypt,","authors":"M. Mossa","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.83230.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.83230.1089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82728176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.21608/cat.2022.244092
H. Saleh, A. El-Sayed
Acinetobacter bacteria are widely resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. The formation of carbapenemases such metallo-β lactamases (MBLs), which hydrolyze a variety of β-lactams including penicillin, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, is one of the primary causes of resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. MBL-producing carbapenem-resistant strains have been detected all over the world in recent years, and at a rising pace. For this investigation, fifty-two A. baumannii isolates were chosen based on imipenem (IMP) resistance (MIC >16 g/ml). The Modified Hodge test (MHT) and the CDDT were used to detect MBL phenotypic expression (Combine Disk Diffusion Test). PCR was used to detect genotypic expressions of the blaIMP-1 and blaIMP genes in all metallolactamase-producing A. baumannii strains. According to the MHT test, 49 of 52 A. baumannii isolates (94.2%) produced carbapenemase, whereas the CDDT test revealed that 47 isolates (90.4%) produced MBL. Despite being negative for MBL-producer in the phenotypic technique used for control isolates, 39 (75%) of 52 putative MBLproducer isolates were positive for the blaIMP-1 gene by PCR, while fifteen A. baumannii isolates (28.8%) were positive for the blaIMP gene by PCR. In 23% (12/52) of instances, the blaIMP-1 and blaIMP genes were found together. The genotypic approach must be used to confirm isolates of A. baumannii that have been identified as MBL-producers using the MHT test and the Combine Disk Diffusion Test.
{"title":"Traditional and Molecular Gene Detection (blaIMP-1 and blaIMP) of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii","authors":"H. Saleh, A. El-Sayed","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.244092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.244092","url":null,"abstract":"Acinetobacter bacteria are widely resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. The formation of carbapenemases such metallo-β lactamases (MBLs), which hydrolyze a variety of β-lactams including penicillin, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, is one of the primary causes of resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. MBL-producing carbapenem-resistant strains have been detected all over the world in recent years, and at a rising pace. For this investigation, fifty-two A. baumannii isolates were chosen based on imipenem (IMP) resistance (MIC >16 g/ml). The Modified Hodge test (MHT) and the CDDT were used to detect MBL phenotypic expression (Combine Disk Diffusion Test). PCR was used to detect genotypic expressions of the blaIMP-1 and blaIMP genes in all metallolactamase-producing A. baumannii strains. According to the MHT test, 49 of 52 A. baumannii isolates (94.2%) produced carbapenemase, whereas the CDDT test revealed that 47 isolates (90.4%) produced MBL. Despite being negative for MBL-producer in the phenotypic technique used for control isolates, 39 (75%) of 52 putative MBLproducer isolates were positive for the blaIMP-1 gene by PCR, while fifteen A. baumannii isolates (28.8%) were positive for the blaIMP gene by PCR. In 23% (12/52) of instances, the blaIMP-1 and blaIMP genes were found together. The genotypic approach must be used to confirm isolates of A. baumannii that have been identified as MBL-producers using the MHT test and the Combine Disk Diffusion Test.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73487210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.21608/cat.2022.107327.1112
A. El-Fallal, A. El-Sayed, Mayada El-Fawal, H. El-Gharabawy
Food and feed contamination with mycotoxin is a global issue that represents major health risks to both animals and humans. The antifungal properties of spices and Ganoderma mushroom, as food preservatives, against seven toxigenic fungi isolated from Egyptian rabbit, poultry, and cow feed were investigated in this study. The growth diameter of fungal colonies was measured separately on plates of Potato dextrose agar medium with different spices at a concentration of 60 g/L. Clove, cinnamon, and turmeric completely inhibited all of the fungi tested, while the rest of the spices had a moderate to variable inhibitory effect, and several spices (coriander, fennel, anise, and caraway) even promoted the fungal growth. The five best effective spices with 16 concentrations (0.05 to 100 g/L) were used to find minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for each fungal isolate separately. Clove and cinnamon were the most effective spices against all tested fungal isolates, with MIC of 0.05-1 g/L and MFC of 3-10 g/L. Hence, clove and cinnamon are recommended, as the best antifungal spices that can easily inhibit fungal growth at a minimal concentration. Mycelial plugs of Ganoderma mbrekobenum exhibited a high inhibition activity against the growth of Monascus ruber, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Penicillium sp. The antifungal activities of aqueous and organic extracts of Ganoderma mushroom were investigated, and the methanol-chloroform extract was shown to have the maximum activity, making it a good antifungal agent.
{"title":"Biocontrol of mycotoxigenic fungi in feedstuff using spices and Ganoderma mushroom","authors":"A. El-Fallal, A. El-Sayed, Mayada El-Fawal, H. El-Gharabawy","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.107327.1112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.107327.1112","url":null,"abstract":"Food and feed contamination with mycotoxin is a global issue that represents major health risks to both animals and humans. The antifungal properties of spices and Ganoderma mushroom, as food preservatives, against seven toxigenic fungi isolated from Egyptian rabbit, poultry, and cow feed were investigated in this study. The growth diameter of fungal colonies was measured separately on plates of Potato dextrose agar medium with different spices at a concentration of 60 g/L. Clove, cinnamon, and turmeric completely inhibited all of the fungi tested, while the rest of the spices had a moderate to variable inhibitory effect, and several spices (coriander, fennel, anise, and caraway) even promoted the fungal growth. The five best effective spices with 16 concentrations (0.05 to 100 g/L) were used to find minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) for each fungal isolate separately. Clove and cinnamon were the most effective spices against all tested fungal isolates, with MIC of 0.05-1 g/L and MFC of 3-10 g/L. Hence, clove and cinnamon are recommended, as the best antifungal spices that can easily inhibit fungal growth at a minimal concentration. Mycelial plugs of Ganoderma mbrekobenum exhibited a high inhibition activity against the growth of Monascus ruber, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Penicillium sp. The antifungal activities of aqueous and organic extracts of Ganoderma mushroom were investigated, and the methanol-chloroform extract was shown to have the maximum activity, making it a good antifungal agent.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82105922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Steam reforming of hydrocarbons is a well established chemical process which provides synthesis gas (H2 and CO). These synthesis products can hence be converted to numerous valuable basic chemicals. For the industrial application of steam reforming, a detailed understanding of the process is a prerequisite. Models that capture the detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics and the comprehensive transport processes as well as their interaction have the potential to optimize the catalytic process without expensive experimental campaigns. In this paper, a detailed investigation has been done using a multi-step reaction mechanism for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalyst using a one-dimensional (1D) model, LOGEcat [1]. The model is applicable to the simulation of all standard after-treatment catalytic processes of combustion exhaust gas along with other chemical processes involving heterogeneous catalysis, such as, the Sabatier process [27]. It is a 1D tool, thus is computationally cost effective and is based on a series of perfectly stirred reactors (PSR). The model is used to perform the simulations for various reactor conditions in terms of temperature, pressure, flow rates and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio. Several chemical reaction terms, such as, selectivity, yield, conversion, and mole fraction have been shown with respect to the varied parameters and the results are compared with 2D simulations and experimental reference data. We report a very good agreement of the various profiles produced with 1D model as compared to the reference data. Note that the main aim of this study is to check how far the 1D model can capture the basic chemistry for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalysts. It is interesting to note that the cost effective reduced order model is capable to capture the physics and chemistry involved with a multi-step reaction mechanism showing the predictive capability of the model. This study forms the basis for further analysis towards the thermochemistry of the species to develop a kinetically consistent reaction mechanism.
{"title":"Steam reforming of methane over nickel catalyst using a one-dimensional model","authors":"R. Rakhi, Vivien Günther, J. Richter, F. Mauss","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1520","url":null,"abstract":"Steam reforming of hydrocarbons is a well established chemical process which provides synthesis gas (H2 and CO). These synthesis products can hence be converted to numerous valuable basic chemicals. For the industrial application of steam reforming, a detailed understanding of the process is a prerequisite. Models that capture the detailed homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction kinetics and the comprehensive transport processes as well as their interaction have the potential to optimize the catalytic process without expensive experimental campaigns. \u0000In this paper, a detailed investigation has been done using a multi-step reaction mechanism for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalyst using a one-dimensional (1D) model, LOGEcat [1]. The model is applicable to the simulation of all standard after-treatment catalytic processes of combustion exhaust gas along with other chemical processes involving heterogeneous catalysis, such as, the Sabatier process [27]. It is a 1D tool, thus is computationally cost effective and is based on a series of perfectly stirred reactors (PSR). \u0000The model is used to perform the simulations for various reactor conditions in terms of temperature, pressure, flow rates and steam-to-carbon (S/C) ratio. Several chemical reaction terms, such as, selectivity, yield, conversion, and mole fraction have been shown with respect to the varied parameters and the results are compared with 2D simulations and experimental reference data. We report a very good agreement of the various profiles produced with 1D model as compared to the reference data. \u0000Note that the main aim of this study is to check how far the 1D model can capture the basic chemistry for modeling steam reforming of methane over nickel-based catalysts. It is interesting to note that the cost effective reduced order model is capable to capture the physics and chemistry involved with a multi-step reaction mechanism showing the predictive capability of the model. This study forms the basis for further analysis towards the thermochemistry of the species to develop a kinetically consistent reaction mechanism.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79328362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The reason for this study is because of observed difference in environmental condition in Lagos metropolis. The change is witnessed in environmental change arising from air, water and noise pollution mostly from increasing vehicle emissions in the State. This study has been conducted to analyze the environmental effects of pollution on pedestrians. Specific objectives are determine the air quality of the city at most populate headquarters of each of the 20 Local Government Areas of Lagos State, to examine the impact of pollution (air, water and noise) on pedestrians and assess various measures for reducing environmental pollution in the State. Methodology: The use of Thermo scientific MIE pDR-1500 instrument was used to measure air quality index of the selected locations and survey was carried out with well-structured questionnaire to elicit information with the aid of incidental sampling technique on impact of pollution on pedestrians from 177 respondents. Findings: Air Quality Index was shown with histogram chart where six out of 20 Local Government Areas are above the acceptable standard of pollution. There is rising cases of pollution in the State and very few Local governments were within acceptable range. One –Sample T-test showed that air pollution is majorly affecting pedestrians with t-value of 22.226 followed by noise with 19.643 and water with 5.529 respectively. Conclusion and recommendations: The research concluded that, there is need to control the rising cases of pollution in the state and policies to tame air and noise pollution in the state should be adopted. Emission control strategies to be adopted with the existing ones can be in form of restricting hours of movement of vehicles to late at night to avoid human pollutant contact, encourage tree planting and rapid evacuation of environmental waste.
{"title":"ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: EFFECT ON PEDESTRIANS WHILE WALKING IN URBAN STREET","authors":"Adepoju Olusegun Onifade, Babatunde Folasayo, Abimbola Babatunde","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1436","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The reason for this study is because of observed difference in environmental condition in Lagos metropolis. The change is witnessed in environmental change arising from air, water and noise pollution mostly from increasing vehicle emissions in the State. This study has been conducted to analyze the environmental effects of pollution on pedestrians. Specific objectives are determine the air quality of the city at most populate headquarters of each of the 20 Local Government Areas of Lagos State, to examine the impact of pollution (air, water and noise) on pedestrians and assess various measures for reducing environmental pollution in the State. \u0000Methodology: The use of Thermo scientific MIE pDR-1500 instrument was used to measure air quality index of the selected locations and survey was carried out with well-structured questionnaire to elicit information with the aid of incidental sampling technique on impact of pollution on pedestrians from 177 respondents. \u0000Findings: Air Quality Index was shown with histogram chart where six out of 20 Local Government Areas are above the acceptable standard of pollution. There is rising cases of pollution in the State and very few Local governments were within acceptable range. One –Sample T-test showed that air pollution is majorly affecting pedestrians with t-value of 22.226 followed by noise with 19.643 and water with 5.529 respectively. \u0000Conclusion and recommendations: The research concluded that, there is need to control the rising cases of pollution in the state and policies to tame air and noise pollution in the state should be adopted. Emission control strategies to be adopted with the existing ones can be in form of restricting hours of movement of vehicles to late at night to avoid human pollutant contact, encourage tree planting and rapid evacuation of environmental waste.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81025639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper sets out to show how Jamaica Kincaid, in her celebrated works, Lucy and My Garden (Book), intrinsically links the degradation of the environment to colonialism through memory even though most critics posit that men/women should preserve their environment. Purpose: To the protagonists, the environment brings back memory of subjugation and oppression that undermine man-nature relationship in Kincaid’s selected works. Methodology: Qualitative research was used to write this paper since it involves textual analysis. Information of this research paper was gathered from the primary sources (Lucy and My Garden (Book) and secondary sources. Post colonialism and ecocriticism were deemed suitable theories on which this research paper could be hitched, in order to show how the environment is related to colonialism. The paper stresses on Kincaid’s protagonists’ hostility to the environment. In fact, whenever they see elements of the environment, they reflect on colonial trauma. Findings: The traumatic feeling from the characters under study stifles their relationship with the environment despite the fact that environmentalists and ecofeminists advocate for a close relationship with nature and its preservation in order to combat the current environmental crisis. Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This research, just like most environmentalists and ecofeminists will make people to understand that the natural environment is very vital to man and its preservation is a main concern for human beings. It will as well deepen discussion in the field of postcolonialism and ecocriticism. Readers of this article will help sensitize leaders of the world to stop colonialism so that the environment can be saved because traumatic memories are detrimental to the preservation of nature.
{"title":"THE ENVIRONMENT AND COLONIALISM IN JAMAICA KINCAID’S LUCY AND MY GARDEN (BOOK)","authors":"Anjeh Wase","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1442","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper sets out to show how Jamaica Kincaid, in her celebrated works, Lucy and My Garden (Book), intrinsically links the degradation of the environment to colonialism through memory even though most critics posit that men/women should preserve their environment. \u0000Purpose: To the protagonists, the environment brings back memory of subjugation and oppression that undermine man-nature relationship in Kincaid’s selected works. \u0000Methodology: Qualitative research was used to write this paper since it involves textual analysis. Information of this research paper was gathered from the primary sources (Lucy and My Garden (Book) and secondary sources. Post colonialism and ecocriticism were deemed suitable theories on which this research paper could be hitched, in order to show how the environment is related to colonialism. The paper stresses on Kincaid’s protagonists’ hostility to the environment. In fact, whenever they see elements of the environment, they reflect on colonial trauma. \u0000Findings: The traumatic feeling from the characters under study stifles their relationship with the environment despite the fact that environmentalists and ecofeminists advocate for a close relationship with nature and its preservation in order to combat the current environmental crisis. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice: This research, just like most environmentalists and ecofeminists will make people to understand that the natural environment is very vital to man and its preservation is a main concern for human beings. It will as well deepen discussion in the field of postcolonialism and ecocriticism. Readers of this article will help sensitize leaders of the world to stop colonialism so that the environment can be saved because traumatic memories are detrimental to the preservation of nature. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79551441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.21608/cat.2022.214538
MS Ibrahim
The formation of urban heat islands (UHI) over cities is the main challenge to the urban environmental sustainability worldwide. To mitigate UHI effects, passive cooling using cool materials and/or greening is thought to be the most effective strategy. As urban greening is relatively nascent in the urban literature, a multitude of research gaps are still to be filled, especially for the cities belonging to the hot arid belt. The present study aims to explore to what extent are three greening strategies (façade greening, roofs greening and urban parks) feasible in UHI mitigation using case study in Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area (GCMA). This task is best achieved through modeling, using the micro-scale numerical model ENVI-met, to simulate the probable outdoor cooling effects of greening for a hot summer day. The results, for this specific case, show that both façade and roof greening would yield up to 0.5C average reduction of air temperature compared with the actual case, while the cooling effects of the hypothetical pocket parks may be as high as 7C during day time till 15.00 PM, and after that parks would exhibit heat island properties. The study findings may assist in better planning of urban green spaces to increase their cooling potentialities.
{"title":"Mitigation strategies of the urban heat island over Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area, Egypt utilizing ENVI-met model","authors":"MS Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.214538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.214538","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of urban heat islands (UHI) over cities is the main challenge to the urban environmental sustainability worldwide. To mitigate UHI effects, passive cooling using cool materials and/or greening is thought to be the most effective strategy. As urban greening is relatively nascent in the urban literature, a multitude of research gaps are still to be filled, especially for the cities belonging to the hot arid belt. The present study aims to explore to what extent are three greening strategies (façade greening, roofs greening and urban parks) feasible in UHI mitigation using case study in Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area (GCMA). This task is best achieved through modeling, using the micro-scale numerical model ENVI-met, to simulate the probable outdoor cooling effects of greening for a hot summer day. The results, for this specific case, show that both façade and roof greening would yield up to 0.5C average reduction of air temperature compared with the actual case, while the cooling effects of the hypothetical pocket parks may be as high as 7C during day time till 15.00 PM, and after that parks would exhibit heat island properties. The study findings may assist in better planning of urban green spaces to increase their cooling potentialities.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73847468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.21608/cat.2021.220465
M. Khalifa
The number and diversity of reported mycoviruses have significantly increased with the utilization of next generation sequencing technologies. In the present study, an Egyptian isolate of a known mycovirus was identified in Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Damietta governorate, Egypt. The genome of the identified mycovirus is divided into four double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments, three of which were completely sequenced and analyzed (dsRNA1; 3562 nts, dsRNA2; 3198 nts and dsRNA4; 2902 nts). The nucleotide sequence of the fourth segment (dsRNA3) has been partially identified. DsRNAs 1 and 2 encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid protein (CP), respectively. The mycovirus of the current study was identified as an isolate of Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV) based on the high RdRp identity (99.37%) in BLASTX searches. The identified dsRNAs have conserved untranslated regions (UTRs) that were identical to those observed in other chrysoviruses. According to the phylogenetic study, PcV belongs to family Chrysoviridae genus Alphachrysovirus.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of an Egyptian isolate of Penicillium chrysogenum virus","authors":"M. Khalifa","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.220465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.220465","url":null,"abstract":"The number and diversity of reported mycoviruses have significantly increased with the utilization of next generation sequencing technologies. In the present study, an Egyptian isolate of a known mycovirus was identified in Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from Damietta governorate, Egypt. The genome of the identified mycovirus is divided into four double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments, three of which were completely sequenced and analyzed (dsRNA1; 3562 nts, dsRNA2; 3198 nts and dsRNA4; 2902 nts). The nucleotide sequence of the fourth segment (dsRNA3) has been partially identified. DsRNAs 1 and 2 encode RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and capsid protein (CP), respectively. The mycovirus of the current study was identified as an isolate of Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV) based on the high RdRp identity (99.37%) in BLASTX searches. The identified dsRNAs have conserved untranslated regions (UTRs) that were identical to those observed in other chrysoviruses. According to the phylogenetic study, PcV belongs to family Chrysoviridae genus Alphachrysovirus.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"06 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86247258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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