Pub Date : 2021-12-29DOI: 10.21608/cat.2022.100375.1109
Alshaimaa Alshafy, E. Zidan, Mohamed H. Rezk, W.S. Meshrif
Antimicrobial drugs are used by beekeepers to control bacterial and microsporidian infections. This raises concerns among individuals all over the world. The current work aims to determine the residue concentrations of three commonly used antibiotics (tylosin, sodium sulfademedin, and septazol) used to control honeybee infections, as well as to investigate the effects of antibiotics on bee biology. Honey was collected 42 days (2 generations of the worker development) posttreatment for HPLC analysis; honeybee activities (brood-rearing and pollen areas) were evaluated at 5 intervals every 12 days (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 days) post-treatment. Hygienic behavior and metabolic reserves (body proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) were assessed at two intervals (0and 42-day) post-treatment. Results showed that residues of antimicrobial drugs in honey samples were significantly higher than those in the controls. Results indicated that no negative effect was observed on the brood rearing and pollen gathering as well as hygienic behavior of honeybee workers due to the doses of the antibiotics. Meanwhile, the colonies treated with tylosin showed lower hygienic behavior than the control at 0-day. The time progress did not affect the broodrearing area in all tested conditions. The metabolic reserves showed non-significant differences post-treatment compared with the controls. However, the body proteins and lipids exhibited lower contents at 42 days compared to those at 0-day. This study found a significant contamination risk for bee products as a result of inadequate apiculture techniques, as well as a possible risk to honeybees.
{"title":"Effect of some antimicrobial drugs on the fitness of honeybee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)","authors":"Alshaimaa Alshafy, E. Zidan, Mohamed H. Rezk, W.S. Meshrif","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.100375.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.100375.1109","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial drugs are used by beekeepers to control bacterial and microsporidian infections. This raises concerns among individuals all over the world. The current work aims to determine the residue concentrations of three commonly used antibiotics (tylosin, sodium sulfademedin, and septazol) used to control honeybee infections, as well as to investigate the effects of antibiotics on bee biology. Honey was collected 42 days (2 generations of the worker development) posttreatment for HPLC analysis; honeybee activities (brood-rearing and pollen areas) were evaluated at 5 intervals every 12 days (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 days) post-treatment. Hygienic behavior and metabolic reserves (body proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) were assessed at two intervals (0and 42-day) post-treatment. Results showed that residues of antimicrobial drugs in honey samples were significantly higher than those in the controls. Results indicated that no negative effect was observed on the brood rearing and pollen gathering as well as hygienic behavior of honeybee workers due to the doses of the antibiotics. Meanwhile, the colonies treated with tylosin showed lower hygienic behavior than the control at 0-day. The time progress did not affect the broodrearing area in all tested conditions. The metabolic reserves showed non-significant differences post-treatment compared with the controls. However, the body proteins and lipids exhibited lower contents at 42 days compared to those at 0-day. This study found a significant contamination risk for bee products as a result of inadequate apiculture techniques, as well as a possible risk to honeybees.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"51 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78128807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-28DOI: 10.21608/cat.2022.94562.1102
S. Hassanen, M. Diab, G. Hegazi, Gamil Rayan Abou El-Dis
Silymarin and phenolic compounds have great pharmaceutical applications, particularly as hepatoprotective agents. Silymarin content in Silybum marianum wild populations is low with significant differences between the individuals and the areas of these populations decreased due to the increasing interest in the plant. Therefore, cell suspension culture technique is an alternative and sustainable procedure for the bioproduction and conservation of the plant. The aim of the present study was the production of silymarin and certain phenolic compounds from S. marianum cell suspension cultures by the supplementation of the precursor amino acid; L-phenylalanine. Seeds were collected from wild plants at Alexandria desert road and germinated in vitro. Seedlings root segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.55 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 4.44 μM 6-benzyladenine for the induction and proliferation of callus. Cell suspension cultures were established in the same medium supplemented with Lphenylalanine at different concentrations (302.68, 605.36 and 908.05 μM). L-Phenylalanine elevated the cells biomass and the accumulation of silymarin and some phenolic compounds. The significantly highest silymarin accumulation reached 66.33% increase compared to the control. This study highlights the potential of L-phenylalanine for the in vitro production of silymarin-rich extracts and protecting the environment by preventing the overcollection of the plant.
{"title":"Silymarin accumulation in Silybum marianum suspension culture via precursor feeding","authors":"S. Hassanen, M. Diab, G. Hegazi, Gamil Rayan Abou El-Dis","doi":"10.21608/cat.2022.94562.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2022.94562.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Silymarin and phenolic compounds have great pharmaceutical applications, particularly as hepatoprotective agents. Silymarin content in Silybum marianum wild populations is low with significant differences between the individuals and the areas of these populations decreased due to the increasing interest in the plant. Therefore, cell suspension culture technique is an alternative and sustainable procedure for the bioproduction and conservation of the plant. The aim of the present study was the production of silymarin and certain phenolic compounds from S. marianum cell suspension cultures by the supplementation of the precursor amino acid; L-phenylalanine. Seeds were collected from wild plants at Alexandria desert road and germinated in vitro. Seedlings root segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog basal medium supplemented with 4.55 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 4.44 μM 6-benzyladenine for the induction and proliferation of callus. Cell suspension cultures were established in the same medium supplemented with Lphenylalanine at different concentrations (302.68, 605.36 and 908.05 μM). L-Phenylalanine elevated the cells biomass and the accumulation of silymarin and some phenolic compounds. The significantly highest silymarin accumulation reached 66.33% increase compared to the control. This study highlights the potential of L-phenylalanine for the in vitro production of silymarin-rich extracts and protecting the environment by preventing the overcollection of the plant.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"22 6S 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76522837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-24DOI: 10.21608/cat.2021.210363
A. Soliman, Rim S. Hamdy, Fatma A. Hamada
This survey was undertaken on four tribes (Ababda, Bisharia, Nubian, and Rashayda) living in Egypt's southern Nile Valley and Eastern Desert to chronicle and evaluate traditional herbal treatments, as well as to examine the links between these tribes based on ethnobotanical use. A total of 180 interviews with Bedouins and herbal healers were undertaken, with 45 informants for each tribe, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. There were 39 species in total, belonging to 36 genera and 27 families. Fabaceae and Poaceae and Rutaceae were the species-rich families. The used wild species comprised 43.6%, cultivated species (38.5%) and the remaining 17.9% were bought from the herbalist shops. The leaves were the most commonly used part (31%), followed by stems and fruits (22% each). Distinct species included Acacia nilotica, that is used in the treatment of dental discomfort and has a use-value of 33.3 %, and Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus, that is used in the treatment of cough and headache and has a use-value of 35% and 30.6%, respectively. A combination of Acacia nilotica and Lawsonia inermis, has a use-value of 22.2 % for the treatment of sore throats. Based on ethnobotanical treatments, the most resemblance was found between the Nubian and Rashayda tribes (55.3%), that the Rashayda’ nomads utilized the Nubian markets for the winter, and Nubians were supplied with livestock or handicrafts by the nomads, followed by 46.8% between Ababda and Bisharia that both tribes are shared land, resources, and even reached a historical homogeneous state not only due to land proximity but also through marriage and social relations. The most prevalent ailments were diarrhoea and headache, each had seven different recipes, while cough and dental aches had six. This type of research should be encouraged in order to better understand how the common flora might be used in human healthcare.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical survey among the Nubian and south eastern tribes of Egypt","authors":"A. Soliman, Rim S. Hamdy, Fatma A. Hamada","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.210363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.210363","url":null,"abstract":"This survey was undertaken on four tribes (Ababda, Bisharia, Nubian, and Rashayda) living in Egypt's southern Nile Valley and Eastern Desert to chronicle and evaluate traditional herbal treatments, as well as to examine the links between these tribes based on ethnobotanical use. A total of 180 interviews with Bedouins and herbal healers were undertaken, with 45 informants for each tribe, ranging in age from 18 to 85 years. There were 39 species in total, belonging to 36 genera and 27 families. Fabaceae and Poaceae and Rutaceae were the species-rich families. The used wild species comprised 43.6%, cultivated species (38.5%) and the remaining 17.9% were bought from the herbalist shops. The leaves were the most commonly used part (31%), followed by stems and fruits (22% each). Distinct species included Acacia nilotica, that is used in the treatment of dental discomfort and has a use-value of 33.3 %, and Cymbopogon schoenanthus subsp. proximus, that is used in the treatment of cough and headache and has a use-value of 35% and 30.6%, respectively. A combination of Acacia nilotica and Lawsonia inermis, has a use-value of 22.2 % for the treatment of sore throats. Based on ethnobotanical treatments, the most resemblance was found between the Nubian and Rashayda tribes (55.3%), that the Rashayda’ nomads utilized the Nubian markets for the winter, and Nubians were supplied with livestock or handicrafts by the nomads, followed by 46.8% between Ababda and Bisharia that both tribes are shared land, resources, and even reached a historical homogeneous state not only due to land proximity but also through marriage and social relations. The most prevalent ailments were diarrhoea and headache, each had seven different recipes, while cough and dental aches had six. This type of research should be encouraged in order to better understand how the common flora might be used in human healthcare.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88929658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-16DOI: 10.21608/cat.2021.59277.1071
Hanaa T. El-Bahnasy, M. El-Gammal, A. Hagrus
The atmosphere of poultry farms usually contains significant levels of agricultural dust and toxic gases, which may cause harm to workers' health. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the environmental exposure to dust pollutants; inhalable (PM10) and respirable (PM2.5) dust. The study was carried out in 4 commercially operated poultry farms located in Al-Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The chosen poultry farms were based on their equipped way. The air samples were collected twice a week during 3 different stages of the rearing period of broiler chicks. The study was done during the period of November 2018 to April 2019. The results of this study showed that inhalable dust varied between 99 215 μg/m3 and respirable dust varied from 83-195 μg/m3 in farms C and D, respectively. It can be concluded the accumulation of manure, water, and feed remains lead to several pollutants particulate matters which have hazard health effects on farmworkers. Therefore, personal protective equipment as a face mask and mask filter must be used especially during disinfection process, for reduction of the pollutants exposure.
{"title":"Assessment of Inhalable and Respirable Dust for Four Poultry Farms in Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt","authors":"Hanaa T. El-Bahnasy, M. El-Gammal, A. Hagrus","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.59277.1071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.59277.1071","url":null,"abstract":"The atmosphere of poultry farms usually contains significant levels of agricultural dust and toxic gases, which may cause harm to workers' health. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the environmental exposure to dust pollutants; inhalable (PM10) and respirable (PM2.5) dust. The study was carried out in 4 commercially operated poultry farms located in Al-Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. The chosen poultry farms were based on their equipped way. The air samples were collected twice a week during 3 different stages of the rearing period of broiler chicks. The study was done during the period of November 2018 to April 2019. The results of this study showed that inhalable dust varied between 99 215 μg/m3 and respirable dust varied from 83-195 μg/m3 in farms C and D, respectively. It can be concluded the accumulation of manure, water, and feed remains lead to several pollutants particulate matters which have hazard health effects on farmworkers. Therefore, personal protective equipment as a face mask and mask filter must be used especially during disinfection process, for reduction of the pollutants exposure.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"2016 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86647260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-29DOI: 10.21608/cat.2021.196721
H. Salem, A. Hagras, Heba Allah M. El-Baghdady, A. El‐naggar
The invasion of fish by heavy metals is a recognized environmental problem. Heavy metals, after leaking into the water, penetrate fish directly through the gill and later the skin. Fish develops protective defence mechanisms against the damaging effects of heavy metals. This study was aimed to investigate the concentrations of certain metals (cadmium, iron, manganese, cobalt, and lead) in the muscle tissues of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilo ticus) and their possible impact on its histological, nanomechanical, and biochemical biomarkers. The results showed that fish muscle from the polluted site contained high levels of heavy metals compared to the reference site. Biochemical profile of the Nile tilapia showed that serum glucose, total proteins, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were elevated in exposed tilapia compared to their corresponding reference. Histological examination of the liver showed severe alterations in the liver tissue. Nanomechanical properties (roughness and stiffness) confirmed the damaging effect of metals on the liver tissue. These findings provide a rational application of histological, nanomechanical and biochemical parameters to be used as indicators of metal stress. Integrated biomarker response is a comprehensive index of all biomarkers and a good indicator of the health status of aquatic ecosystem.
{"title":"Integrated Use of Nanomechanical, Histological, and Biochemical Biomarkers of Oreochromis niloticus as a Signature of Metal Stress","authors":"H. Salem, A. Hagras, Heba Allah M. El-Baghdady, A. El‐naggar","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.196721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.196721","url":null,"abstract":"The invasion of fish by heavy metals is a recognized environmental problem. Heavy metals, after leaking into the water, penetrate fish directly through the gill and later the skin. Fish develops protective defence mechanisms against the damaging effects of heavy metals. This study was aimed to investigate the concentrations of certain metals (cadmium, iron, manganese, cobalt, and lead) in the muscle tissues of the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilo ticus) and their possible impact on its histological, nanomechanical, and biochemical biomarkers. The results showed that fish muscle from the polluted site contained high levels of heavy metals compared to the reference site. Biochemical profile of the Nile tilapia showed that serum glucose, total proteins, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde were elevated in exposed tilapia compared to their corresponding reference. Histological examination of the liver showed severe alterations in the liver tissue. Nanomechanical properties (roughness and stiffness) confirmed the damaging effect of metals on the liver tissue. These findings provide a rational application of histological, nanomechanical and biochemical parameters to be used as indicators of metal stress. Integrated biomarker response is a comprehensive index of all biomarkers and a good indicator of the health status of aquatic ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75623781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-31DOI: 10.47310/IARJET.2021.V02I04.004
Prosper Manikuze Dr. Maina John Nyongesah
Purpose: Climate change in Rwanda is a great challenge resulting from increased temperature and causing abnormal variability in weather variables and threatening the socio-economic welfare of human beings. Water resources have been subjected to degradation and pollution due to intensive and frequent rainfall that have negatively impact on water abstractions in their proximity. This study aimed at analyzing the vulnerability of the Nyabarongo river water abstraction to climate change. Methodology: GIS and remote sensing were used to map and analyze possible changes in geophysical status of the river. Secondary data collection on temperature and rainfall for a forty years period was used to analyze the trend in climate change in Rwanda. Findings: The results indicated that climate change in Rwanda has resulted in extreme weather events that resulted in inundations and floods of Nyabarongo River and its wetland that exacerbated the changes in geophysical status such as river flow pathway and meandering. This has resulted in washing away of some water abstraction facilities around the river and the distancing from such facilities leading to interference with abstraction. It was also found out that dry season’s markedly diminished water available for abstraction in the river and impacting negatively on the groundwater recharge. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings can stimulate decision makers in water resources management to initiate and roll out similar studies countrywide and serve as baseline to adopt measures and strategies for the sustainable management of the resources. The findings also call for Water users to take into consideration of climate impacts during the studies, designs and implementation of water use project for the sustainable exploitation of water resources.
{"title":"Vulnerability of Nyabarongo River Water Abstraction to Climate Change in Rwanda","authors":"Prosper Manikuze Dr. Maina John Nyongesah","doi":"10.47310/IARJET.2021.V02I04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47310/IARJET.2021.V02I04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Climate change in Rwanda is a great challenge resulting from increased temperature and causing abnormal variability in weather variables and threatening the socio-economic welfare of human beings. Water resources have been subjected to degradation and pollution due to intensive and frequent rainfall that have negatively impact on water abstractions in their proximity. This study aimed at analyzing the vulnerability of the Nyabarongo river water abstraction to climate change. \u0000Methodology: GIS and remote sensing were used to map and analyze possible changes in geophysical status of the river. Secondary data collection on temperature and rainfall for a forty years period was used to analyze the trend in climate change in Rwanda. \u0000Findings: The results indicated that climate change in Rwanda has resulted in extreme weather events that resulted in inundations and floods of Nyabarongo River and its wetland that exacerbated the changes in geophysical status such as river flow pathway and meandering. This has resulted in washing away of some water abstraction facilities around the river and the distancing from such facilities leading to interference with abstraction. It was also found out that dry season’s markedly diminished water available for abstraction in the river and impacting negatively on the groundwater recharge. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The findings can stimulate decision makers in water resources management to initiate and roll out similar studies countrywide and serve as baseline to adopt measures and strategies for the sustainable management of the resources. The findings also call for Water users to take into consideration of climate impacts during the studies, designs and implementation of water use project for the sustainable exploitation of water resources.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-26DOI: 10.21608/cat.2021.209732
MS Ibrahim
In terms of flood hazards, Shalatin is the least studied of the six major coastal cities in Egypt's Red Sea Governorate. The current study intends to determine the extent to which Shalatin city is exposed to flood hazard in an attempt to address this research gap. Urban flood modeling proved to be the most effective method. All the layers required for modeling were created in ArcGIS software at the greatest possible resolution using remote sensing products and data obtained during the field investigation. Three potential flood events were modeled as one-dimensional unsteady flow using the most recent version (6.0) of the HECRAS programme. To quantify the extent of flooding and water depth, as well as the water velocity and flood hazard, three types of maps were created. In comparison to other cities along Egypt's Red Sea coast, the data reveal that Shalatin appears to be less prone to floods. To safeguard the most susceptible areas, two earthen dykes, each around 2000 metres long, are recommended. The current study is the first to tackle the simulation of an Egyptian city's urban flood at a resolution of up to a single building.
{"title":"Flash flood hazard prediction of Shalatin City, Red Sea Coast, Egypt utilizing HEC-RAS model","authors":"MS Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.209732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.209732","url":null,"abstract":"In terms of flood hazards, Shalatin is the least studied of the six major coastal cities in Egypt's Red Sea Governorate. The current study intends to determine the extent to which Shalatin city is exposed to flood hazard in an attempt to address this research gap. Urban flood modeling proved to be the most effective method. All the layers required for modeling were created in ArcGIS software at the greatest possible resolution using remote sensing products and data obtained during the field investigation. Three potential flood events were modeled as one-dimensional unsteady flow using the most recent version (6.0) of the HECRAS programme. To quantify the extent of flooding and water depth, as well as the water velocity and flood hazard, three types of maps were created. In comparison to other cities along Egypt's Red Sea coast, the data reveal that Shalatin appears to be less prone to floods. To safeguard the most susceptible areas, two earthen dykes, each around 2000 metres long, are recommended. The current study is the first to tackle the simulation of an Egyptian city's urban flood at a resolution of up to a single building.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83882961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Using a Systems’ Approach, this study explores what aspects are essential for stone quarries to adopt a functional environmental management plan and whether compliance with environmental laws enhances business performance. The specific objectives of the study were: To evaluate the bio-physical effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward and to evaluate the socio-economic effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward. Methodology: The study adopted descriptive survey design; the research data collection instrument was questionnaires. The study adopted purposive sampling; a survey of 134 respondents representing 80 quarry workers, 40 quarry owners, 10 EIA Experts, 3 NEMA staff and 1 County geologist were sampled purposively. Weighted and the Consolidated Scores were entered on Microsoft Excel for cleaning and later transferred to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0) for statistical analyses. Data was presented inform of graphs, pie-charts, tables and narration in the thematic areas. Findings: The study found out that there were health and ecological problems associated with quarrying. The application of heavy quarrying machines resulted to soil erosion, destruction of flora and threatens biodiversity aesthetic. The study revealed that quarrying was a source for livelihood among the community and more men (90%) were involved in quarrying due to masculinity nature of the task. EMPs were found to be significant in management of quarries. The development of EMPs and EIA was influenced by different actors and informal sector was a significant influencer of EMPs implementation. The study concluded that EMPs were effective in management of quarries despite varied challenges facing the NEMA official and the EIA experts. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends the need for transparency in the EIA as well as in the development of EMPs, to avoid discrimination and non-adherence. Further research is needed to understand the perception of community members on the effectiveness of EMPs in sustainable management of quarries and environment in general.
目的:采用系统方法，本研究探讨了采石场采用功能性环境管理计划的关键方面，以及遵守环境法律是否能提高业务绩效。研究的具体目标是:评估特佐区选定采石场的采石活动对生物物理的影响，以及评估特佐区选定采石场的采石活动对社会经济的影响。研究方法:采用描述性调查设计;研究数据收集工具为问卷调查。本研究采用目的抽样;有针对性地对134名受访者进行了调查，其中包括80名采石场工人、40名采石场业主、10名环境影响评估专家、3名NEMA工作人员和1名县地质学家。加权分数和综合分数在Microsoft Excel中输入进行清理，然后转移到Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0)进行统计分析。所提供的数据包括专题领域的图表、饼图、表格和叙述。研究结果:研究发现，采石存在健康和生态问题。重型采石机的应用造成了水土流失，破坏了植物群，威胁了生物多样性的审美。研究表明，采石是社区的生计来源，由于采石工作的男子气概，更多的男性(90%)参与其中。我们发现电磁脉冲对石矿场的管理很重要。环境影响措施和环境影响评价的制定受到不同行为者的影响，非正式部门是环境影响措施实施的重要影响因素。该研究得出结论，尽管环境管理局官员和环境影响评估专家面临各种挑战，但环境影响评估计划在管理采石场方面是有效的。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献:该研究建议在环境影响评估和环境管理计划的制定中需要透明度，以避免歧视和不遵守。需要进一步研究，以了解社区成员对环境管理计划在可持续管理石矿场和整体环境方面的有效性的看法。
{"title":"BIO-PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN SELECTED QUARRIES IN TEZO WARD-KILIFI COUNTY","authors":"Agnes Kasyoka Wambua, J. Chege, Amos Mujema Ngira","doi":"10.47604/ijes.1341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1341","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Using a Systems’ Approach, this study explores what aspects are essential for stone quarries to adopt a functional environmental management plan and whether compliance with environmental laws enhances business performance. The specific objectives of the study were: To evaluate the bio-physical effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward and to evaluate the socio-economic effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted descriptive survey design; the research data collection instrument was questionnaires. The study adopted purposive sampling; a survey of 134 respondents representing 80 quarry workers, 40 quarry owners, 10 EIA Experts, 3 NEMA staff and 1 County geologist were sampled purposively. Weighted and the Consolidated Scores were entered on Microsoft Excel for cleaning and later transferred to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0) for statistical analyses. Data was presented inform of graphs, pie-charts, tables and narration in the thematic areas. \u0000Findings: The study found out that there were health and ecological problems associated with quarrying. The application of heavy quarrying machines resulted to soil erosion, destruction of flora and threatens biodiversity aesthetic. The study revealed that quarrying was a source for livelihood among the community and more men (90%) were involved in quarrying due to masculinity nature of the task. EMPs were found to be significant in management of quarries. The development of EMPs and EIA was influenced by different actors and informal sector was a significant influencer of EMPs implementation. The study concluded that EMPs were effective in management of quarries despite varied challenges facing the NEMA official and the EIA experts. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends the need for transparency in the EIA as well as in the development of EMPs, to avoid discrimination and non-adherence. Further research is needed to understand the perception of community members on the effectiveness of EMPs in sustainable management of quarries and environment in general.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85384041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2021.204219
Fouzia Benaliouche, H. Sbartai, M. Meraghni, hakim Hadj moussa, I. Sbartai
This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) extracted from the aerial part of Thymus vulgaris L. and to evaluate its antifungal activity against the apple scab pathogen ( Venturia ineaqualis L). Chemical analysis of this EO revealed the presence of 30 compounds which represent for approximately 99.07 % of the total component. Linalool, is the most abundant constituent (36.41%), followed by Terpinen-4-ol (10.51%) and β-myrcene (7.5%). Other constituents were identified in varying amounts include para-Cymene (6.6 %); γ-Terpinene (6.11 %), and Carvacrol (0.75 %), with entirely absent of thymol compound. The evaluation of antifungal activity of thyme EO on the growth of Venturia ineaqualis mycelium was marked by a decrease in number of fungal filaments in the colony which was significantly influenced by increasing the doses. The EO concentration that had the minimal inhibitory effect was 300l/ml. Thymus vulgaris EO had a complete inhibitory effect on fungal growth at a dose of 600 l/ml, where no growth was observed. Despite the absence of thymol and the relatively low content of carvacrol, both of which are known to be highly toxic, thyme EO from the Seraidi region was very effective and revealed a very powerful activity against V . ineaqualis, which is likely due to the presence of high levels of monoterpenes (36.96%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (55.51%) associated with other synergistic components.
{"title":"Chemical characterisation of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris and evaluation of its antifungal activity on the apple scab pathogen (Venturia inaequalis L)","authors":"Fouzia Benaliouche, H. Sbartai, M. Meraghni, hakim Hadj moussa, I. Sbartai","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.204219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.204219","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils (EO) extracted from the aerial part of Thymus vulgaris L. and to evaluate its antifungal activity against the apple scab pathogen ( Venturia ineaqualis L). Chemical analysis of this EO revealed the presence of 30 compounds which represent for approximately 99.07 % of the total component. Linalool, is the most abundant constituent (36.41%), followed by Terpinen-4-ol (10.51%) and β-myrcene (7.5%). Other constituents were identified in varying amounts include para-Cymene (6.6 %); γ-Terpinene (6.11 %), and Carvacrol (0.75 %), with entirely absent of thymol compound. The evaluation of antifungal activity of thyme EO on the growth of Venturia ineaqualis mycelium was marked by a decrease in number of fungal filaments in the colony which was significantly influenced by increasing the doses. The EO concentration that had the minimal inhibitory effect was 300l/ml. Thymus vulgaris EO had a complete inhibitory effect on fungal growth at a dose of 600 l/ml, where no growth was observed. Despite the absence of thymol and the relatively low content of carvacrol, both of which are known to be highly toxic, thyme EO from the Seraidi region was very effective and revealed a very powerful activity against V . ineaqualis, which is likely due to the presence of high levels of monoterpenes (36.96%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (55.51%) associated with other synergistic components.","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75210501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.21608/cat.2021.209510
R. Nasr, F. Soliman, Saad Z. Mohamed, M. Dar, A. Belal, A. Hassan
Sediment samples were collected from 23 stations in the inshore and offshore zones of Suez Bay, Egypt, along with two edible bivalve species, Callista sp. and Circenita callipyga. The grain size analyses revealed that the Suez Bay seafloor sediments were mostly made up of sand, with minor constituents of gravel and mud. The bioavailable forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were estimated by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer on the bulk sediment and the finest fractions Ø3, Ø4 and Ø5 samples (AAS). At both the inshore and offshore stations, Fe and Mn had the highest concentrations in sediment, while Ni had the lowest. In budding plants, Pb and Cd were insignificant in bulk sediments in spite of their abundance in the finest fractions. For evaluating heavy metals accumulation in their soft tissue, about 30 individuals of Callista sp. and Circenita callipyga (commonly known as the Venus Clam) were chosen. Except for Pb and Cd in Callista sp., all metal concentrations in soft tissues of the two bivalve species were lower than the allowed limits. The bio-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) was calculated to assess bivalves' ability to bioaccumulate metals in their soft tissues. The data revealed that all of the analysed metals in the collected bivalve species had BSAF values less than unity (<1.0 μg/g wet weight), with the exception of Cd, which had the highest BSAF value in Callista sp (2.13 μg/g wet weight).
{"title":"Heavy metals availability in sediments and their accumulation in two edible bivalves at Suez Bay, Egypt","authors":"R. Nasr, F. Soliman, Saad Z. Mohamed, M. Dar, A. Belal, A. Hassan","doi":"10.21608/cat.2021.209510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/cat.2021.209510","url":null,"abstract":"Sediment samples were collected from 23 stations in the inshore and offshore zones of Suez Bay, Egypt, along with two edible bivalve species, Callista sp. and Circenita callipyga. The grain size analyses revealed that the Suez Bay seafloor sediments were mostly made up of sand, with minor constituents of gravel and mud. The bioavailable forms of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were estimated by using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer on the bulk sediment and the finest fractions Ø3, Ø4 and Ø5 samples (AAS). At both the inshore and offshore stations, Fe and Mn had the highest concentrations in sediment, while Ni had the lowest. In budding plants, Pb and Cd were insignificant in bulk sediments in spite of their abundance in the finest fractions. For evaluating heavy metals accumulation in their soft tissue, about 30 individuals of Callista sp. and Circenita callipyga (commonly known as the Venus Clam) were chosen. Except for Pb and Cd in Callista sp., all metal concentrations in soft tissues of the two bivalve species were lower than the allowed limits. The bio-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) was calculated to assess bivalves' ability to bioaccumulate metals in their soft tissues. The data revealed that all of the analysed metals in the collected bivalve species had BSAF values less than unity (<1.0 μg/g wet weight), with the exception of Cd, which had the highest BSAF value in Callista sp (2.13 μg/g wet weight).","PeriodicalId":42145,"journal":{"name":"Catrina-The International Journal of Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81996601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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