Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2021.1898836
I. Troiani, C. Dutson
Abstract This article examines the conditions that have given rise to the neoliberal university, along with the conditions of being a subject of such an institution – whether as educator, student, or manager on the shop-floor of the “edufactory.” Where the liberal university was recognized as a space for critical thought, slow contemplation and transformative becoming for both student and university worker, the imperative of the neoliberal university is to continuously increase performance – measurable in ultimately economic terms, imposing a new auditable disciplining, and quickening pace, of learning, thinking and working. We argue that the model of the neoliberal university is unsustainable if left to continue in its current form, and which Covid-19 has done little to decelerate or dismantle. There is an urgent need to resist, rethink, and reclaim the space to learn/think/work.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2020.1731172
S. Kaji-O’Grady
Abstract Universities across the world are increasingly dependent on substantial gifts from the super-rich and their charitable foundations for capital development. The “golden age of philanthropy” compels academic managers to become campaigners and supplicants and rewards those whose research appeals to the philanthropic marketplace. Philanthropy thereby shapes the organization, activities and behavior of the contemporary university. Additionally, it literally shapes campuses. Substantial gifts, arriving as they do on a timeline that suits philanthropists, re-order development priorities, disrupt masterplans, and generally channel funds toward research in the biosciences, health and technology. Consequently, there has been a boom in university laboratory construction since the early 1990s, especially in biomedical research. This paper explores how philanthropy might have specifically architectural effects. Focusing on Atlantic Philanthropies and their investment in the Translational Research Institute, in Queensland, Australia, it is argued that philanthropy produces buildings that are luxurious and ornamented and, in the context of university requirements, ornamental.
{"title":"Donor-Driven Designs on the University","authors":"S. Kaji-O’Grady","doi":"10.1080/20507828.2020.1731172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2020.1731172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Universities across the world are increasingly dependent on substantial gifts from the super-rich and their charitable foundations for capital development. The “golden age of philanthropy” compels academic managers to become campaigners and supplicants and rewards those whose research appeals to the philanthropic marketplace. Philanthropy thereby shapes the organization, activities and behavior of the contemporary university. Additionally, it literally shapes campuses. Substantial gifts, arriving as they do on a timeline that suits philanthropists, re-order development priorities, disrupt masterplans, and generally channel funds toward research in the biosciences, health and technology. Consequently, there has been a boom in university laboratory construction since the early 1990s, especially in biomedical research. This paper explores how philanthropy might have specifically architectural effects. Focusing on Atlantic Philanthropies and their investment in the Translational Research Institute, in Queensland, Australia, it is argued that philanthropy produces buildings that are luxurious and ornamented and, in the context of university requirements, ornamental.","PeriodicalId":42146,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Culture","volume":"9 1","pages":"45 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20507828.2020.1731172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45495006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2021.1888212
S. Puddu, Francesco Zuddas
Abstract In the mid-1990s, Bill Readings compared universities to business corporations, sounding the alarm for an incipient corporatization of the academy that has provoked commentary since. Under neoliberalism, public universities are run as private corporations striving to survive in the increasingly competitive higher education market. The spatial side of this phenomenon is an architectural portfolio consisting of corporate style reception desks, turnstile-controlled entrances, bookable meeting rooms, and café spaces to learn. This article examines “the slow death” of the university as a space of scholarship focusing on the Sir John Cass Faculty of Architecture and Design (or Cass) in Central House (2012–17), London. As a public university acting like a real estate operator in a large metropolis, the Cass displays both complicity and resistance toward the managerial logics of universities. Its resistance lies in the architectural reconfiguration of Central House, which was eventually defeated by the institution’s real estate ambitions.
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Pub Date : 2020-12-03DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2020.1794711
C. Molloy
Abstract Evolved design theories of student learning are impacting the built environment of universities. Regardless of a move away from traditional lecture theaters toward online learning, the presence of social learning spaces that aim to facilitate student engagement and collaboration is becoming increasingly important to universities who are trying to attract students in a competitive neoliberal marketplace. This paper examines the prevalence of informal learning spaces that encourage social interaction within three university buildings designed by acclaimed Irish architects O’Donnell and Tuomey: the Saw Swee Hock Student Center at the London School of Economics (LSE); Budapest’s Central European University (CEU) redevelopment and; the Hub Project at University College Cork (UCC). Through similarities in relation to views, connections, permeability, and the provision of informal learning spaces, the O’Donnell and Tuomey university buildings demonstrate the ability to encourage social interaction and connection to the public realm.
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Pub Date : 2020-11-25DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2020.1792110
David Roberts
Abstract 2019 was the year of the declaration – from Culture Declares to Architects Declare to Architecture Education Declares – a landmark moment when architects pledged to confront climate emergency. In this paper I step back to reflect on the ethical dimensions of public declarations in architecture, from the institutional to individual, to consider their role in negotiating ethical concerns. This is explored through three paths: reviewing the ethical know-what of contemporary codes of conduct of built environment professional bodies, examining the ethical know-how required to negotiate ethical dilemmas in practice, and reconsidering the history of architectural manifestoes that explicate an ethical why-now. I draw from the work of Jane Rendell’s Bartlett Ethics Commission and draw inspiration from Sumayya Vally and Huda Tayob et al.’s An Inventory of Feminist Upheaval to illustrate how, at a time of climate breakdown and systemic social injustices, architects must practice collectivity and intersectionality to unsettle conventions and complacencies.
{"title":"Why Now: The Ethical Act of Architectural Declaration","authors":"David Roberts","doi":"10.1080/20507828.2020.1792110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2020.1792110","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract 2019 was the year of the declaration – from Culture Declares to Architects Declare to Architecture Education Declares – a landmark moment when architects pledged to confront climate emergency. In this paper I step back to reflect on the ethical dimensions of public declarations in architecture, from the institutional to individual, to consider their role in negotiating ethical concerns. This is explored through three paths: reviewing the ethical know-what of contemporary codes of conduct of built environment professional bodies, examining the ethical know-how required to negotiate ethical dilemmas in practice, and reconsidering the history of architectural manifestoes that explicate an ethical why-now. I draw from the work of Jane Rendell’s Bartlett Ethics Commission and draw inspiration from Sumayya Vally and Huda Tayob et al.’s An Inventory of Feminist Upheaval to illustrate how, at a time of climate breakdown and systemic social injustices, architects must practice collectivity and intersectionality to unsettle conventions and complacencies.","PeriodicalId":42146,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Culture","volume":"9 1","pages":"587 - 605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20507828.2020.1792110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2020.1805949
Jessica Fernandez, Matthew N. Powers
Abstract This article examines the relationship between the university and physical place over time, setting out the rise of the placed-based higher education institution leading to its current role as an attractant for the academy. The association between campus and community, known as the town–gown relationship, influenced the material form that the university initially took, and this relationship continues to play a prominent role today. However, a new and more globalized outset provokes growth and change in the physicality of the modern neoliberal university, where the campus responds to an increasingly larger market of potential users and investors. The article argues that the business of higher education has always existed and is amplified, rather than instigated, by the globalized knowledge-based economy. While place has become an important aspect of the higher education experience, the creation of knowledge is expressly tied to human organization and spans well beyond the tangible environment.
{"title":"Before the Neoliberal Campus: University, Place and the Business of Higher Education","authors":"Jessica Fernandez, Matthew N. Powers","doi":"10.1080/20507828.2020.1805949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2020.1805949","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the relationship between the university and physical place over time, setting out the rise of the placed-based higher education institution leading to its current role as an attractant for the academy. The association between campus and community, known as the town–gown relationship, influenced the material form that the university initially took, and this relationship continues to play a prominent role today. However, a new and more globalized outset provokes growth and change in the physicality of the modern neoliberal university, where the campus responds to an increasingly larger market of potential users and investors. The article argues that the business of higher education has always existed and is amplified, rather than instigated, by the globalized knowledge-based economy. While place has become an important aspect of the higher education experience, the creation of knowledge is expressly tied to human organization and spans well beyond the tangible environment.","PeriodicalId":42146,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Culture","volume":"9 1","pages":"25 - 44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20507828.2020.1805949","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47849631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2020.1792107
J. Rendell
Abstract This essay starts with an event – what I have come to call “an ethical hotspot” – a moment in which my value systems were challenged and I found myself unable to continue to act as before, until I undertook some critical reflection. Marilys Guillemin and Lynn Gillam (2004) describe what they call “ethically important moments,” 1 which for them mark the “ethical dimension” of decision-making around the day to day dilemmas of research practice. For Guillemin and Gillam negotiating these dilemmas and their relation to institutional ethical procedures requires a degree of reflexivity on the part of the researcher. In this essay, I start by describing the ethical hot-spot that occurred in my life and then discuss how, by reflecting on these issues and the practices that I developed out of them, it might be possible to develop modes of ethical practice that I call – following Foucault – basanic.
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Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2020.1792106
D. Capener
ABSTRACT Reading Henri Lefebvre alongside Bernard Stiegler, this paper explores the changes that have taken place to the production of space in our age of digital technology. Lefebvre sensed the radical changes taking place in society through the implementation of computational technologies. He asked a prescient question: How is this space being produced? Lefebvre was unable to foresee the significant changes to the actual mechanics of the production of space brought about by the third industrial revolution. A thinker who does do this is Bernard Stiegler who is interested in how new digital technologies change memory via tertiary mnemotechnical devices – memory storage devices that are external to the human body. Reading Lefebvre alongside Stiegler might seem unusual, however I will demonstrate that implicit in Lefebvre’s argument regarding the production of space is memory and implicit in Stiegler’s argument regarding the exteriorization of memory in technics is space.
{"title":"The Magic and Metaphysics of Shit: The Production of Space and Digital Technology","authors":"D. Capener","doi":"10.1080/20507828.2020.1792106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20507828.2020.1792106","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Reading Henri Lefebvre alongside Bernard Stiegler, this paper explores the changes that have taken place to the production of space in our age of digital technology. Lefebvre sensed the radical changes taking place in society through the implementation of computational technologies. He asked a prescient question: How is this space being produced? Lefebvre was unable to foresee the significant changes to the actual mechanics of the production of space brought about by the third industrial revolution. A thinker who does do this is Bernard Stiegler who is interested in how new digital technologies change memory via tertiary mnemotechnical devices – memory storage devices that are external to the human body. Reading Lefebvre alongside Stiegler might seem unusual, however I will demonstrate that implicit in Lefebvre’s argument regarding the production of space is memory and implicit in Stiegler’s argument regarding the exteriorization of memory in technics is space.","PeriodicalId":42146,"journal":{"name":"Architecture and Culture","volume":"8 1","pages":"636 - 652"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20507828.2020.1792106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41403417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.1080/20507828.2020.1794130
Guanghui Ding
Abstract In the Chinese architectural field, subjectivity has been repressed first by political ideology in the Mao era and later by commodification under market conditions. By analyzing two architectural projects – Feng Jizhong’s Garden of the Square Pagoda and Wang Shu’s Xiangshan Campus, this paper examines how subjectivity has been repressed and returned. It draws on two complementary approaches toward subjectivity: Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s emphasis on bodily experience and Michel Foucault’s analysis of power. Whereas the garden presented a subtle critique of the ideological and political repression of individual creativity, Xiangshan Campus protested the hegemony of instrumental reason in contemporary architectural production. By using productive power to articulate sensuous experience, the two architects endeavored to forge a resistant subjectivity, that challenges current tendencies to disarticulate mind and body, subjects and objects, emotion and rationality, architecture and lifeworld.
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