This article develops a genealogical account of the birth of homo mimeticus – out of mimetic communication. While genealogy tends to be suspicious of stable origins, a key advocate of the genealogical method such as Friedrich Nietzsche was deeply interested in diagnosing the evolution of non-verbal forms of ‘communication’ that, in his view, gave birth to language, consciousness, and culture. For the Nietzschean mimetic theory this article proposes, mimesis is thus not simply an image far removed from reality but an all too human, embodied, and relational form of communication that makes Homo sapiens an eminently social species. I argue that Nietzsche’s genealogy of the origins of language (out of mimetic reflexes) opens up a timely alternative to both the Scylla of (post)structuralist accounts of arbitrary linguistic signs and the Charybdis of speculative hypotheses on founding sacrificial murders. In the process, it may also pave the way for recent re-discoveries of the role mimesis played in the birth of that thoroughly original species we call, homo mimeticus.
{"title":"Birth of Homo Mimeticus: Nietzsche, Genealogy, Communication","authors":"N. Lawtoo","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0257","url":null,"abstract":"This article develops a genealogical account of the birth of homo mimeticus – out of mimetic communication. While genealogy tends to be suspicious of stable origins, a key advocate of the genealogical method such as Friedrich Nietzsche was deeply interested in diagnosing the evolution of non-verbal forms of ‘communication’ that, in his view, gave birth to language, consciousness, and culture. For the Nietzschean mimetic theory this article proposes, mimesis is thus not simply an image far removed from reality but an all too human, embodied, and relational form of communication that makes Homo sapiens an eminently social species. I argue that Nietzsche’s genealogy of the origins of language (out of mimetic reflexes) opens up a timely alternative to both the Scylla of (post)structuralist accounts of arbitrary linguistic signs and the Charybdis of speculative hypotheses on founding sacrificial murders. In the process, it may also pave the way for recent re-discoveries of the role mimesis played in the birth of that thoroughly original species we call, homo mimeticus.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46521993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the financial turmoil unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. It argues that the market mayhem in which prices plummeted cannot be fully explained by real-economic factors such as uncertainty about the future global economy. Instead, I suggest analysing the events as a manifestation of financial contagion in which the mimesis of market participants becomes an independent explanatory force. In making this argument, the article returns to late nineteenth-century ideas about mimesis and social contagion as well as discussions about the collective mimesis – constitutive of a mimetic turn – that may result from social avalanches.
{"title":"Financial Contagion in an Age of COVID-19: On Biological, Human, and Algorithmic Mimesis","authors":"C. Borch","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0263","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the financial turmoil unleashed by the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. It argues that the market mayhem in which prices plummeted cannot be fully explained by real-economic factors such as uncertainty about the future global economy. Instead, I suggest analysing the events as a manifestation of financial contagion in which the mimesis of market participants becomes an independent explanatory force. In making this argument, the article returns to late nineteenth-century ideas about mimesis and social contagion as well as discussions about the collective mimesis – constitutive of a mimetic turn – that may result from social avalanches.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47912879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although mimetic processes play an important role in the aesthetic experiences of art, literature, music, and theatre, they are also important in other areas. Mimetic processes are central to how human beings develop into humans. Plato and Aristotle were among the first to point this out. More recently, this ancient insight has been confirmed by research in evolutionary anthropology, neuroscience, and cultural anthropology. Cultural learning is essentially mimetic learning. It ensues through relationships with other people, as well as with nature, cultural objects, and artifacts. Hence, mimesis is of central importance for the development of cultural and practical knowledge. In this article, I argue that mimetic processes are processes of repetition and as such they are key elements both of memory and innovative action. They pave the way for innovations in post-literary cultures where a mimetic turn, or re-turn of attention to mimetic processes, is currently underway.
{"title":"Mimesis and the Process of Becoming Human: Performativity, Repetition and Practical Knowledge","authors":"C. Wulf","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0256","url":null,"abstract":"Although mimetic processes play an important role in the aesthetic experiences of art, literature, music, and theatre, they are also important in other areas. Mimetic processes are central to how human beings develop into humans. Plato and Aristotle were among the first to point this out. More recently, this ancient insight has been confirmed by research in evolutionary anthropology, neuroscience, and cultural anthropology. Cultural learning is essentially mimetic learning. It ensues through relationships with other people, as well as with nature, cultural objects, and artifacts. Hence, mimesis is of central importance for the development of cultural and practical knowledge. In this article, I argue that mimetic processes are processes of repetition and as such they are key elements both of memory and innovative action. They pave the way for innovations in post-literary cultures where a mimetic turn, or re-turn of attention to mimetic processes, is currently underway.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41396559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This essay revisits a debate about literary fiction’s ability to depict the consequences of climate change. Philosopher McKenzie Wark’s 2017 essay, ‘On the Obsolescence of the Bourgeois Novel in the Anthropocene’, offers one of many critiques of climate fiction, such as Amitav Ghosh’s influential book, The Great Derangement. But while Ghosh sees a shortcoming in contemporary novels in their lack of representation of major climate events, Wark emphasises the importance of collective action, conversation, and connection, beyond the limits of literature. Since Wark’s intervention, the global School Strike for Climate in 2019 and 2020 brought more participatory post-literary forms to represent climate change. Jean-Luc Nancy’s theory of participation, that there is no mimesis without participation ( methexis), sees a tense relation between the two rather than an opposition or conflict. I argue that Wark, by not undervaluing participation, disrupts a hierarchy that privileges the imitator at the expense of the imitation. To explore this relation, I consider how the slogan ‘there is no Planet B’ forms a snapshot of our twenty-first-century mimetic condition, from which no imitative representation will save us. Can Wark expand the vision of another relational kind of femininity in her later writing to support the demand to take part in transformational action against climate catastrophe, beyond mimetic representation carried in the form of the novel?
这篇文章回顾了一场关于文学小说描绘气候变化后果的能力的辩论。哲学家麦肯齐·沃克(McKenzie Wark) 2017年的文章《论人类世资产阶级小说的过时》，是对气候小说的众多批评之一，比如阿米塔夫·高什(Amitav Ghosh)颇具影响力的著作《大错乱》(the Great Derangement)。然而，高希认为当代小说缺乏对重大气候事件的表现是一个缺点，而沃克则强调了集体行动、对话和联系的重要性，这些都超越了文学的局限。自沃克的干预以来，2019年和2020年的全球气候罢课带来了更多参与性的后文学形式来代表气候变化。jean - luc南希的参与,没有模仿不参与(methexis),认为两者之间的紧张关系,而不是一个反对或冲突。我认为沃克通过不低估参与，打破了以牺牲模仿为代价给予模仿者特权的等级制度。为了探索这种关系，我考虑了“没有行星B”的口号是如何形成我们21世纪模仿条件的快照的，没有模仿的表现将拯救我们。沃克能否在她后来的作品中拓展另一种关系型女性的视野，以支持参与应对气候灾难的变革行动的要求，超越以小说形式进行的模仿表现?
{"title":"This Is What Climate Change Looks Like: McKenzie Wark’s Post-Literary Critiques Give Equal Value to Participation","authors":"Carrie Giunta","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0264","url":null,"abstract":"This essay revisits a debate about literary fiction’s ability to depict the consequences of climate change. Philosopher McKenzie Wark’s 2017 essay, ‘On the Obsolescence of the Bourgeois Novel in the Anthropocene’, offers one of many critiques of climate fiction, such as Amitav Ghosh’s influential book, The Great Derangement. But while Ghosh sees a shortcoming in contemporary novels in their lack of representation of major climate events, Wark emphasises the importance of collective action, conversation, and connection, beyond the limits of literature. Since Wark’s intervention, the global School Strike for Climate in 2019 and 2020 brought more participatory post-literary forms to represent climate change. Jean-Luc Nancy’s theory of participation, that there is no mimesis without participation ( methexis), sees a tense relation between the two rather than an opposition or conflict. I argue that Wark, by not undervaluing participation, disrupts a hierarchy that privileges the imitator at the expense of the imitation. To explore this relation, I consider how the slogan ‘there is no Planet B’ forms a snapshot of our twenty-first-century mimetic condition, from which no imitative representation will save us. Can Wark expand the vision of another relational kind of femininity in her later writing to support the demand to take part in transformational action against climate catastrophe, beyond mimetic representation carried in the form of the novel?","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41946228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
What is the relationship between mimesis, biology and identity? I propose to explore this question here by turning to Alex Garland’s 2018 SF film Annihilation. Not least because it is identity that is eponymously annihilated in the film via what could be described as biomimetic processes. At stake in Garland’s film is an infinitely refracting mimetic process of genetic mutations and exchanges resulting in a fundamental alteration of human identity. When faced with ‘the Shimmer’ – the alien life-form causing mysterious transformations in what is called ‘Area X’ – the film’s protagonists are forced to shed their understanding of themselves as irreducibly singular, physically self-contained and conceptually inviolable beings. Revisiting the relationship between deconstruction and dialectics, art and genetics, plasticity and the sublime, the living and death, I argue that Garland’s annihilating mimesis reveals itself as a conditio biologica that puts into question our very notions of what constitutes the human.
{"title":"Mimetic Annihilation","authors":"Hannes Opelz","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0262","url":null,"abstract":"What is the relationship between mimesis, biology and identity? I propose to explore this question here by turning to Alex Garland’s 2018 SF film Annihilation. Not least because it is identity that is eponymously annihilated in the film via what could be described as biomimetic processes. At stake in Garland’s film is an infinitely refracting mimetic process of genetic mutations and exchanges resulting in a fundamental alteration of human identity. When faced with ‘the Shimmer’ – the alien life-form causing mysterious transformations in what is called ‘Area X’ – the film’s protagonists are forced to shed their understanding of themselves as irreducibly singular, physically self-contained and conceptually inviolable beings. Revisiting the relationship between deconstruction and dialectics, art and genetics, plasticity and the sublime, the living and death, I argue that Garland’s annihilating mimesis reveals itself as a conditio biologica that puts into question our very notions of what constitutes the human.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42395166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the Poetics Aristotle limited the concept of mimesis to the aesthetic relationship between drama and the actions of its mythical models. In the 1970s, having found representations of mimetic relationships in the myths themselves, René Girard argued that they are the cause of a violence that disrupts the mythical communities from within. Later, Girard extended the concept of mimesis to natural processes: By destroying the differences between model and imitation mimetic processes in nature and in the social world unleash violence. In this essay two important examples of dedifferentiation are discussed and compared: Sophocles’ Oedipus dramas and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in our present time. In both examples, successive mimetic processes subvert the natural and economic foundations of the state, and primarily its framework of rights and duties. The pandemic process destroys the biological, political, and social systems of differences and gives rise to fights for domination over the state.
{"title":"The Undifferentiation of Mimetic Violence: From Oedipus to COVID-19","authors":"G. Gebauer","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0258","url":null,"abstract":"In the Poetics Aristotle limited the concept of mimesis to the aesthetic relationship between drama and the actions of its mythical models. In the 1970s, having found representations of mimetic relationships in the myths themselves, René Girard argued that they are the cause of a violence that disrupts the mythical communities from within. Later, Girard extended the concept of mimesis to natural processes: By destroying the differences between model and imitation mimetic processes in nature and in the social world unleash violence. In this essay two important examples of dedifferentiation are discussed and compared: Sophocles’ Oedipus dramas and the COVID-19 pandemic crisis in our present time. In both examples, successive mimetic processes subvert the natural and economic foundations of the state, and primarily its framework of rights and duties. The pandemic process destroys the biological, political, and social systems of differences and gives rise to fights for domination over the state.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49031134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Here, in this dialogic supplement to a Homo Mimeticus seminar titled 'HOM Workshop with Jean-Luc Nancy: a partir du 'mythe Nazi', held at KU Leuven in December 2018, Nancy takes the recent return of attention to mimesis, or 'mimetic turn', as a starting point to reflect on the relationship between philosophy and literature. Adopting the mimetic form of a dialogue, Nidesh Lawtoo asks Nancy to take the 'fil conducteur' of mimesis to address his work and life in common with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, his involvement in the linguistic turn, structuralism, and deconstruction. As the dialogue unfolds, Nancy engages topics at the heart of his philosophical work, such as the subject, community, myth, fascism, and democracy, ending with his reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic and the sharing or partage it generates.
{"title":"The CounterText Interview: Jean-Luc Nancy Mimesis: A Singular-Plural Concept","authors":"J. Nancy, N. Lawtoo","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0255","url":null,"abstract":"Here, in this dialogic supplement to a Homo Mimeticus seminar titled 'HOM Workshop with Jean-Luc Nancy: a partir du 'mythe Nazi', held at KU Leuven in December 2018, Nancy takes the recent return of attention to mimesis, or 'mimetic turn', as a starting point to reflect on the relationship between philosophy and literature. Adopting the mimetic form of a dialogue, Nidesh Lawtoo asks Nancy to take the 'fil conducteur' of mimesis to address his work and life in common with Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe, his involvement in the linguistic turn, structuralism, and deconstruction. As the dialogue unfolds, Nancy engages topics at the heart of his philosophical work, such as the subject, community, myth, fascism, and democracy, ending with his reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic and the sharing or partage it generates.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49530425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper supplements Gebauer and Wulf’s analyses of mimesis as a mechanism for the construction of social reality. After situating archaic musical mimesis in the context of Homeric performance and its critique in Plato, I demonstrate how musical mimesis functions as an assemblage of inscription of social mores and values through two case studies. The first examines how this mimetic mechanism is actualised in the 1589 Medici intermedi as an allegorical apparatus of capture that enables the sovereign to control the space and time of the performance. The second examines how this apparatus is redeployed by seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries in South America to coerce nomadic Indigenous peoples into settlements known as ‘reducciones’. The paper advances an account of the darker role of musical mimesis in the dissymmetrical construction of social reality during the baroque: as a world-making tool of sovereign power and a world-destroying mechanism of epistemic genocide in colonised territories.
{"title":"Apparatus of Capture: Music and the Mimetic Construction of Social Reality in the Early Modern/Colonial Period","authors":"D. Vélez","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0260","url":null,"abstract":"This paper supplements Gebauer and Wulf’s analyses of mimesis as a mechanism for the construction of social reality. After situating archaic musical mimesis in the context of Homeric performance and its critique in Plato, I demonstrate how musical mimesis functions as an assemblage of inscription of social mores and values through two case studies. The first examines how this mimetic mechanism is actualised in the 1589 Medici intermedi as an allegorical apparatus of capture that enables the sovereign to control the space and time of the performance. The second examines how this apparatus is redeployed by seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries in South America to coerce nomadic Indigenous peoples into settlements known as ‘reducciones’. The paper advances an account of the darker role of musical mimesis in the dissymmetrical construction of social reality during the baroque: as a world-making tool of sovereign power and a world-destroying mechanism of epistemic genocide in colonised territories.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46101990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In light of the paradigm shift which in Theatre Studies led to the emergence of a new (post)discipline that takes the notion of performance as its cornerstone, this essay discusses the productive convergence between mimesis and ‘restored behaviour’, namely the key process of every kind of performance in art, ritual, and ordinary life. This convergence can improve the understanding of the mimetic condition in the twenty-first century, provided we rely on a postmodern and, at the same time, pre-Platonic conception of mimesis. Even though ‘restored behaviour’ is not the same as mimesis, evidence for their proximity can be found in neuroscientist Merlin Donald’s theory of the evolution of the human mind, in which he locates a pre-verbal stage named ‘mimetic culture’. A final section draws some arguments from cognitive perspectives in evolutionary studies on literature in order to show how mimesis and performativity are likely to emerge as a pre-literary layer, confronting the present-day post-literary condition.
{"title":"Mimesis and/Is/as Restoration of Behaviour","authors":"F. Deriu","doi":"10.3366/count.2022.0259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2022.0259","url":null,"abstract":"In light of the paradigm shift which in Theatre Studies led to the emergence of a new (post)discipline that takes the notion of performance as its cornerstone, this essay discusses the productive convergence between mimesis and ‘restored behaviour’, namely the key process of every kind of performance in art, ritual, and ordinary life. This convergence can improve the understanding of the mimetic condition in the twenty-first century, provided we rely on a postmodern and, at the same time, pre-Platonic conception of mimesis. Even though ‘restored behaviour’ is not the same as mimesis, evidence for their proximity can be found in neuroscientist Merlin Donald’s theory of the evolution of the human mind, in which he locates a pre-verbal stage named ‘mimetic culture’. A final section draws some arguments from cognitive perspectives in evolutionary studies on literature in order to show how mimesis and performativity are likely to emerge as a pre-literary layer, confronting the present-day post-literary condition.","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46244539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guest Editor's Introduction – Poetry Elsewhere, Elsewhere Poetry: A Poetics of the Interstitial in Contemporary American Poetry","authors":"Ming-Qian Ma","doi":"10.3366/count.2021.0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/count.2021.0238","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42177,"journal":{"name":"CounterText-A Journal for the Study of the Post-Literary","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43489781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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