Pub Date : 2025-03-08DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.008
Long Chen, Ruohan Zhang, Zhaoli Liu, Fan Li, Boyu Huang, Wen Liu
{"title":"Accurate identification and formation mechanism unraveling of radicals in UV-induced peracetic acid activation system using in-situ electron paramagnetic resonance.","authors":"Long Chen, Ruohan Zhang, Zhaoli Liu, Fan Li, Boyu Huang, Wen Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Great Oxidation Event was caused by Neoarchean global cratonization: opportunity and challenge from rock and sedimentary records in China.","authors":"Li-Gang Zhou, Jun-Ping Liu, Jing Li, Zai-Bo Sun, Lu Xiang, Yan-Yan Zhou, Hao-Shu Tang, Yan-Bin Zhang, Xi-Yan Zhu, Hai-Long He, Ming-Guo Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.001
Li Fu, Jianping Huang, Guolong Zhang, Dongliang Han, Lei Ding, Yun Wei, Xiaoyue Liu, Changyu Li, Haipeng Yu
Ecosystem transition occurs when ecological thresholds are crossed, causing ecosystems to irreversibly shift from secure to insecure states. However, how ecosystem transition exacerbates species richness loss remains poorly understood. This hinders the effective protection of species richness, which is an urgent global priority. In this study, we integrated multiple ecosystem variables to elucidate ecosystem transition and its impacts on species richness loss. Our findings reveal that species richness declines abruptly following ecosystem transition, as insecure ecosystems are characterized by reduced plant cover and productivity, intensified warming and drying, and diminished oxygen production. Insecure ecosystems imperil the survival of all species, including 39.4% of threatened birds and 29.2% of threatened mammal species. We project that by 2100, the ecosystem areas considered insecure will encompass 40.4% of the global land areas under the RCP8.5 scenario, contributing to 51.6% of species richness loss. In contrast, hyper-secure ecosystems are projected to account for 18.1% of species richness loss. This study identifies ecosystem transition as a critical driver of species richness loss that should be accounted for by policymakers in designing targeted conservation strategies.
{"title":"Abrupt loss of species richness caused by ecosystem transition.","authors":"Li Fu, Jianping Huang, Guolong Zhang, Dongliang Han, Lei Ding, Yun Wei, Xiaoyue Liu, Changyu Li, Haipeng Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ecosystem transition occurs when ecological thresholds are crossed, causing ecosystems to irreversibly shift from secure to insecure states. However, how ecosystem transition exacerbates species richness loss remains poorly understood. This hinders the effective protection of species richness, which is an urgent global priority. In this study, we integrated multiple ecosystem variables to elucidate ecosystem transition and its impacts on species richness loss. Our findings reveal that species richness declines abruptly following ecosystem transition, as insecure ecosystems are characterized by reduced plant cover and productivity, intensified warming and drying, and diminished oxygen production. Insecure ecosystems imperil the survival of all species, including 39.4% of threatened birds and 29.2% of threatened mammal species. We project that by 2100, the ecosystem areas considered insecure will encompass 40.4% of the global land areas under the RCP8.5 scenario, contributing to 51.6% of species richness loss. In contrast, hyper-secure ecosystems are projected to account for 18.1% of species richness loss. This study identifies ecosystem transition as a critical driver of species richness loss that should be accounted for by policymakers in designing targeted conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143646758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.003
Xiaohong Yuan , Guwen Chen , Yong Cheng , Shengcai Zhu , Fuyang Liu , Yujiao Ke , Kuo Hu , Yue Pan , Ming-Sheng Wang , Zhaodong Liu , Hu Tang , Bingbing Liu
Diamond has the strongest three-dimensional network structure and its cubic configuration is extremely stable under high pressure, thus limiting the experimental synthesis of diamond polymorphs. Hexagonal diamond, a typical polymorph of diamond, has attracted considerable attention in recent decades, yet synthesizing pure and large-sized hexagonal diamond remains technically challenging, preventing an accurate understanding of its properties and formation mechanism. Here, we report the direct synthesis of millimeter-sized, nearly pure hexagonal diamond from graphite under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions using our developed high-pressure technique in a multi-anvil press. The synthesized hexagonal diamond is highly oriented polycrystalline, exhibiting an ultrahard hardness (165 ± 4 GPa) on (100) planes, which is ∼50% harder than single-crystal cubic diamond. Structural characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that hexagonal diamond is formed through a martensitic transformation process whereby hexagonal graphite is transformed into hexagonal diamond by sliding and then direct bonding between graphite sheets. Furthermore, we show that the transformations from graphite to cubic or hexagonal diamonds are strongly temperature-pressure dependent. With this understanding, we further synthesized cubic/hexagonal diamond composites with unusual heterostructures at a lower pressure. This work not only established a fundamental framework for high-pressure phase transformations in graphite but also provided insight into the structural evolution of two-dimensional materials at high pressures and a potent strategy for exploring their new high-pressure phases.
{"title":"Direct synthesis of millimeter-sized hexagonal diamond from graphite","authors":"Xiaohong Yuan , Guwen Chen , Yong Cheng , Shengcai Zhu , Fuyang Liu , Yujiao Ke , Kuo Hu , Yue Pan , Ming-Sheng Wang , Zhaodong Liu , Hu Tang , Bingbing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diamond has the strongest three-dimensional network structure and its cubic configuration is extremely stable under high pressure, thus limiting the experimental synthesis of diamond polymorphs. Hexagonal diamond, a typical polymorph of diamond, has attracted considerable attention in recent decades, yet synthesizing pure and large-sized hexagonal diamond remains technically challenging, preventing an accurate understanding of its properties and formation mechanism. Here, we report the direct synthesis of millimeter-sized, nearly pure hexagonal diamond from graphite under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions using our developed high-pressure technique in a multi-anvil press. The synthesized hexagonal diamond is highly oriented polycrystalline, exhibiting an ultrahard hardness (165 ± 4 GPa) on (100) planes, which is ∼50% harder than single-crystal cubic diamond. Structural characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations indicate that hexagonal diamond is formed through a martensitic transformation process whereby hexagonal graphite is transformed into hexagonal diamond by sliding and then direct bonding between graphite sheets. Furthermore, we show that the transformations from graphite to cubic or hexagonal diamonds are strongly temperature-pressure dependent. With this understanding, we further synthesized cubic/hexagonal diamond composites with unusual heterostructures at a lower pressure. This work not only established a fundamental framework for high-pressure phase transformations in graphite but also provided insight into the structural evolution of two-dimensional materials at high pressures and a potent strategy for exploring their new high-pressure phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":"70 8","pages":"Pages 1257-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":18.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2025.02.040
Dong Liu, Kun Shi, Nuoxiao Yan, Evangelos Spyrakos, Andrew N Tyler, R Iestyn Woolway, Hongtao Duan
{"title":"New insights on carbon forms in China's rivers and lakes.","authors":"Dong Liu, Kun Shi, Nuoxiao Yan, Evangelos Spyrakos, Andrew N Tyler, R Iestyn Woolway, Hongtao Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.02.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.02.040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143612947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transmission distance and number of users limit the realization of large-scale scalable quantum communication networks, as existing quantum network construction techniques struggle to address these two important factors simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a long-distance large-scale and scalable fully-connected quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network, which employs a double-pumped structure and the introduction of extra noise to successfully realize QSDC over 300 km between four users in the network in pairs. The results demonstrate that the fidelity of the entangled state shared between users following communication remains above 85%. The results of our research demonstrate the viability of this quantum communication network, offering a novel foundation for the future realization of long-distance large-scale quantum communication.
{"title":"A 300-km fully-connected quantum secure direct communication network.","authors":"Yilin Yang, Yuanhua Li, Hao Li, Chennan Wu, Yuanlin Zheng, Xianfeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.02.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.02.038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transmission distance and number of users limit the realization of large-scale scalable quantum communication networks, as existing quantum network construction techniques struggle to address these two important factors simultaneously. In this paper, we propose a long-distance large-scale and scalable fully-connected quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) network, which employs a double-pumped structure and the introduction of extra noise to successfully realize QSDC over 300 km between four users in the network in pairs. The results demonstrate that the fidelity of the entangled state shared between users following communication remains above 85%. The results of our research demonstrate the viability of this quantum communication network, offering a novel foundation for the future realization of long-distance large-scale quantum communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"D/V Meng Xiang is coming to revive the 60-year-old dream of Moho drilling and enter a new phase of international scientific ocean drilling.","authors":"Yue Xu, Yaoling Niu, Xia Zhang, Tienan Chen, Tingting Wang, Pengyuan Guo, Pu Sun, Xiaohong Wang, Meng Duan, Yanhong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.scib.2025.02.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2025.02.039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":421,"journal":{"name":"Science Bulletin","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143555430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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