Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1515/fabula-2023-0015
H. Ehrhardt
Abstract Although the Brothers Grimm give a different indication of origin for the fairy tale Die weiße und die schwarze Braut (KHM 135), the correspondence of characteristic linguistic phenomena with the fairy tales of Dorothea Viehmann suggests that this tale could also have been contributed by her. With the help of the “original version” from the Berlin Grimm estate, a wealth of further linguistic-stylistic and lexical-motif evidence is presented that corroborates this attribution. Considerations of the history of transmission, biography, and biography of the work make this assumption plausible, as do codicological and comparative analyses of the manuscript.
摘要 虽然格林兄弟对童话《Die weiße und die schwarze Braut》（KHM 135）的起源给出了不同的说法，但其特有的语言现象与多萝西娅-维埃曼童话的对应关系表明，这个童话也可能出自她之手。在柏林格林庄园 "原始版本 "的帮助下，该书提供了大量语言风格和词汇主题方面的进一步证据，证实了这一归属。考虑到作品的传播史、传记和传记，这一假设是可信的，手稿的编纂学和比较分析也是如此。
{"title":"Ein übersehenes Märchen von Dorothea Viehmann","authors":"H. Ehrhardt","doi":"10.1515/fabula-2023-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the Brothers Grimm give a different indication of origin for the fairy tale Die weiße und die schwarze Braut (KHM 135), the correspondence of characteristic linguistic phenomena with the fairy tales of Dorothea Viehmann suggests that this tale could also have been contributed by her. With the help of the “original version” from the Berlin Grimm estate, a wealth of further linguistic-stylistic and lexical-motif evidence is presented that corroborates this attribution. Considerations of the history of transmission, biography, and biography of the work make this assumption plausible, as do codicological and comparative analyses of the manuscript.","PeriodicalId":42252,"journal":{"name":"FABULA","volume":"21 1","pages":"243 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139301826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1515/fabula-2023-0002
Gessica Sakamoto Martini, J. Kendal, J. Tehrani
Abstract This case study contributes to recent attempts to apply “phylomemetic” methods derived from computational biology to oral traditions, where the aim is to trace the mutation and diversification of folk narratives as they get passed on from generation to generation and spread from society to society. Our study focuses on one of the most famous and widespread tales in the folktale record: Cinderella. Thousands of Cinderella-like stories have been documented from around the world, which folklorists have attempted to classify into different “types” representing distinct, though related, international traditions. The most comprehensive of Cinderella typologies was developed by Anna Birgitta Rooth (1951), who divided the tales into five principal types: A, B, AB, BI and C, and suggested several hypotheses pertaining to their origins and relationships to one another. Here, we test Rooth’s theories on a sample of 266 versions of Cinderella using Bayesian phylogenetic inference, phylogenetic networks (NeighborNet) and a model-based clustering method that was originally designed to elicit population structure from multi-locus genotype data (implemented in the program STRUCTURE). Our results find varying levels of support for the types identified by Rooth, and suggest that mixing among traditions was widespread, especially in Type AB tales. Despite these complexities, it was still possible to delineate and quantify the influence of distinct ancestral sources on the variation observed in contemporary versions of Cinderella. Our study highlights the value and versatility of phylomemetic methods in uncovering the historical relationships among types and sub-types of international folktale, as well as the evolutionary processes that have shaped them.
{"title":"Cinderella’s Family Tree. A Phylomemetic Case Study of ATU 510/511","authors":"Gessica Sakamoto Martini, J. Kendal, J. Tehrani","doi":"10.1515/fabula-2023-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This case study contributes to recent attempts to apply “phylomemetic” methods derived from computational biology to oral traditions, where the aim is to trace the mutation and diversification of folk narratives as they get passed on from generation to generation and spread from society to society. Our study focuses on one of the most famous and widespread tales in the folktale record: Cinderella. Thousands of Cinderella-like stories have been documented from around the world, which folklorists have attempted to classify into different “types” representing distinct, though related, international traditions. The most comprehensive of Cinderella typologies was developed by Anna Birgitta Rooth (1951), who divided the tales into five principal types: A, B, AB, BI and C, and suggested several hypotheses pertaining to their origins and relationships to one another. Here, we test Rooth’s theories on a sample of 266 versions of Cinderella using Bayesian phylogenetic inference, phylogenetic networks (NeighborNet) and a model-based clustering method that was originally designed to elicit population structure from multi-locus genotype data (implemented in the program STRUCTURE). Our results find varying levels of support for the types identified by Rooth, and suggest that mixing among traditions was widespread, especially in Type AB tales. Despite these complexities, it was still possible to delineate and quantify the influence of distinct ancestral sources on the variation observed in contemporary versions of Cinderella. Our study highlights the value and versatility of phylomemetic methods in uncovering the historical relationships among types and sub-types of international folktale, as well as the evolutionary processes that have shaped them.","PeriodicalId":42252,"journal":{"name":"FABULA","volume":"64 1","pages":"7 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49610630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1515/fabula-2023-0003
J. Jorgensen
Abstract This study utilizes quantitative methods to investigate feminist claims about beauty in a series of ATU 510A Cinderella texts. Youth and beauty are found to be linked, and structurally, the protagonist’s encounter with the donor figure does not further beautify her but rather gives her the tools for social advancement. Articulating links between gender, beauty, and success matters in both tale worlds and the real world given not only the pressure of social norms but also the continued issue of gender-based violence due to masculine entitlement to beautiful women’s bodies.
{"title":"Cinderella’s Body. A Quantitative Approach to Gender, Embodiment, and Folktale Plots","authors":"J. Jorgensen","doi":"10.1515/fabula-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study utilizes quantitative methods to investigate feminist claims about beauty in a series of ATU 510A Cinderella texts. Youth and beauty are found to be linked, and structurally, the protagonist’s encounter with the donor figure does not further beautify her but rather gives her the tools for social advancement. Articulating links between gender, beauty, and success matters in both tale worlds and the real world given not only the pressure of social norms but also the continued issue of gender-based violence due to masculine entitlement to beautiful women’s bodies.","PeriodicalId":42252,"journal":{"name":"FABULA","volume":"64 1","pages":"31 - 43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49380731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1515/fabula-2023-0008
Violetta Krawczyk-Wasilewska
Abstract The article presents a concise history of Polish folk tale from oral – analogue – beginnings to the digital collections of today. First, the storytelling tradition in Poland is described, secondly, an overview is given on folk tale collections and on the Polish research tradition, and, finally, the current digital folk tale archives are introduced in more detail. The focus of the article is about the recent development of online folk tale indexes and collections by popularising the very rich Polish folk tale documentation and scholarship as a valuable part of the European and global intangible heritage in the digital era.
{"title":"Polish Folk Tale Archive: From Analog to Digital","authors":"Violetta Krawczyk-Wasilewska","doi":"10.1515/fabula-2023-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article presents a concise history of Polish folk tale from oral – analogue – beginnings to the digital collections of today. First, the storytelling tradition in Poland is described, secondly, an overview is given on folk tale collections and on the Polish research tradition, and, finally, the current digital folk tale archives are introduced in more detail. The focus of the article is about the recent development of online folk tale indexes and collections by popularising the very rich Polish folk tale documentation and scholarship as a valuable part of the European and global intangible heritage in the digital era.","PeriodicalId":42252,"journal":{"name":"FABULA","volume":"64 1","pages":"150 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42802710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1515/fabula-2023-0013
Julien D'huy, Jean-Loïc Le Quellec, M. Thuillard, Y. Berezkin, Patrice Lajoye, Junichi Oda
Abstract A new trend has been swelling in the ocean of comparative mythology. Different research has been carried out using statistics to reconstruct the (pre)history of myths and mythological motifs (replicable episodes of traditional narratives) and to understand how they have evolved. The results obtained by using these different approaches converge and make it possible to intertwine numerous strands of evidence. We will try to summarize it in this paper, with special focus in the first part on the research on motifs, in the second part, on the research on different versions of a same myth. Folklore and mythology form an autonomous sphere of culture being largely independent from outer factors. The transition of folklore and mythology motifs between generations does not require material resources. Accordingly, they can be preserved during an indeterminately long period of time and this ability to be preserved can become a major asset in the study of the human past.
{"title":"Little Statisticians in the Forest of Tales: Towards a New Comparative Mythology","authors":"Julien D'huy, Jean-Loïc Le Quellec, M. Thuillard, Y. Berezkin, Patrice Lajoye, Junichi Oda","doi":"10.1515/fabula-2023-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new trend has been swelling in the ocean of comparative mythology. Different research has been carried out using statistics to reconstruct the (pre)history of myths and mythological motifs (replicable episodes of traditional narratives) and to understand how they have evolved. The results obtained by using these different approaches converge and make it possible to intertwine numerous strands of evidence. We will try to summarize it in this paper, with special focus in the first part on the research on motifs, in the second part, on the research on different versions of a same myth. Folklore and mythology form an autonomous sphere of culture being largely independent from outer factors. The transition of folklore and mythology motifs between generations does not require material resources. Accordingly, they can be preserved during an indeterminately long period of time and this ability to be preserved can become a major asset in the study of the human past.","PeriodicalId":42252,"journal":{"name":"FABULA","volume":"64 1","pages":"44 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43481535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1515/fabula-2023-0005
Johan Eklund, Josh Hagedorn, Sándor Darányi
Abstract Computational motif detection in folk narratives is an unresolved problem, partly because motifs are formally fluid, and because test collections to teach machine learning algorithms are not generally available or big enough to yield robust predictions for expert confirmation. As a result, standard tale typology based on texts as motif strings renders its computational reproduction an automatic classification exercise. In this brief communication, to report work in progress we use the Support Vector Machine algorithm on the ten best populated classes of the Annotated Folktales test collection, to predict text membership in their internationally accepted categories. The classification result was evaluated using recall, precision, and F1 scores. The F1 score was in the range 0.8–1.0 for all the selected tale types except for type 275 (The Race between Two Animals), which, although its recall rate was 1.0, suffered from a low precision.
民间叙事中的计算母题检测是一个尚未解决的问题，部分原因是母题在形式上是流动的，而且用于教授机器学习算法的测试集通常不可用，也不够大，无法产生专家确认的可靠预测。因此，基于文本作为主题字符串的标准故事类型学使其计算复制成为自动分类练习。在这篇简短的交流中，为了报告正在进行的工作，我们使用支持向量机算法对注释民间故事测试集的十个最佳填充类进行分析，以预测其国际公认类别中的文本隶属度。分类结果用查全率、查准率和F1分数来评价。除了275类型(The Race between Two Animals)的回忆率为1.0，其他类型的F1得分均在0.8-1.0之间，但准确率较低。
{"title":"Teaching Tale Types to a Computer: A First Experiment with the Annotated Folktales Collection","authors":"Johan Eklund, Josh Hagedorn, Sándor Darányi","doi":"10.1515/fabula-2023-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Computational motif detection in folk narratives is an unresolved problem, partly because motifs are formally fluid, and because test collections to teach machine learning algorithms are not generally available or big enough to yield robust predictions for expert confirmation. As a result, standard tale typology based on texts as motif strings renders its computational reproduction an automatic classification exercise. In this brief communication, to report work in progress we use the Support Vector Machine algorithm on the ten best populated classes of the Annotated Folktales test collection, to predict text membership in their internationally accepted categories. The classification result was evaluated using recall, precision, and F1 scores. The F1 score was in the range 0.8–1.0 for all the selected tale types except for type 275 (The Race between Two Animals), which, although its recall rate was 1.0, suffered from a low precision.","PeriodicalId":42252,"journal":{"name":"FABULA","volume":"64 1","pages":"92 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42195742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.1515/fabula-2023-0007
Christoph Schmitt, Alf-Christian Schering
Abstract This article sheds light on the digital transformation of Richard Wossidlo’s regional ethnographic and linguistic collection into the research environment WossiDiA. The Digital Wossidlo Archive is based on making handwritten sources and their indexing visible to users. It has been implemented as a hypergraph database, whose abundance of node and hyperedge types is suitable for representing the diversity and delicate nature of the tradition archive. This paper will discuss how proprietary properties have been preserved in the transformation process and how the digital collection is compatible with big data scenarios. Follow-up projects have contributed to this. “Efficiency,” the necessity of resource-saving, will also be problematized. Finally, it will be shown how a sparse ethnographic fieldnote can be enriched into a complex hypergraph extract, a method which is reminiscent of dragnet detection.
{"title":"WossiDiA","authors":"Christoph Schmitt, Alf-Christian Schering","doi":"10.1515/fabula-2023-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/fabula-2023-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article sheds light on the digital transformation of Richard Wossidlo’s regional ethnographic and linguistic collection into the research environment WossiDiA. The Digital Wossidlo Archive is based on making handwritten sources and their indexing visible to users. It has been implemented as a hypergraph database, whose abundance of node and hyperedge types is suitable for representing the diversity and delicate nature of the tradition archive. This paper will discuss how proprietary properties have been preserved in the transformation process and how the digital collection is compatible with big data scenarios. Follow-up projects have contributed to this. “Efficiency,” the necessity of resource-saving, will also be problematized. Finally, it will be shown how a sparse ethnographic fieldnote can be enriched into a complex hypergraph extract, a method which is reminiscent of dragnet detection.","PeriodicalId":42252,"journal":{"name":"FABULA","volume":"64 1","pages":"128 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48298230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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