The use of Lean concepts is growing in several industrial sectors. Corporations are seeking new ways to achieve improved operational performance and to identify process improvement measures to improve workflows. The research presented in this proposes to achieve a conceptual framework that can be used in the modular construction market. The research method selected is Design Science Research (DSR), since the research proposes to create a new artifact constituting the integration of Lean Manufacturing, Lean Thinking, Lean Construction and Lean Office in a consistent manner and one that can accommodate Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). In this paper, Permanent Modular Construction (PMC) will be investigated as an industrial construction process. PMC consists of the manufacture of components of the building with volumetric geometry, produced outside the construction site in a factory environment and then transported to the worksite to be assembled with a set of other modules, with comparably few construction activities carried out on site. In order to execute projects using this construction method it is necessary to integrated design, factory operations, transportation and construction site operations, accounting for different locations and different characteristics in a single workflow: this is one of the primary challenges of PMC.
{"title":"Lean as an Integrator of Modular Construction","authors":"Bruno Carvalho, S. Scheer","doi":"10.29173/MOCS88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS88","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Lean concepts is growing in several industrial sectors. Corporations are seeking new ways to achieve improved operational performance and to identify process improvement measures to improve workflows. The research presented in this proposes to achieve a conceptual framework that can be used in the modular construction market. The research method selected is Design Science Research (DSR), since the research proposes to create a new artifact constituting the integration of Lean Manufacturing, Lean Thinking, Lean Construction and Lean Office in a consistent manner and one that can accommodate Integrated Project Delivery (IPD). In this paper, Permanent Modular Construction (PMC) will be investigated as an industrial construction process. PMC consists of the manufacture of components of the building with volumetric geometry, produced outside the construction site in a factory environment and then transported to the worksite to be assembled with a set of other modules, with comparably few construction activities carried out on site. In order to execute projects using this construction method it is necessary to integrated design, factory operations, transportation and construction site operations, accounting for different locations and different characteristics in a single workflow: this is one of the primary challenges of PMC.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129810778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Teodosio, K. Shanaka, K. S. K. Baduge, P. Mendis
The strong demand for houses has been hampered by a shortage of skilled labor in Australia, which can be potentially alleviated using prefabrication. Significant advancements in the design and construction of prefabricated houses have been observed; however, most substructure constructions still use traditional cast-in-place method that is labor intensive and weather-dependent. Prefabrication of footing systems is an advantageous solution since this require minimal manual labor and shorter construction period. The design of an innovative prefabricated footing needs to consider structural integrity and design assembly. One of the important structural issues for light-weight houses is cyclic differential ground movements affecting footing systems due to reactive soils. This shrink-swell movements are due to the decrease and increase in soil moisture, which can cause minor to severe damage depending on the presence of fines. Due to the issues on shortage of skilled labor and housing, and the costly impact of shrink-swell movements of reactive soils to footings, this study aims to develop a prefabricated footing based on optimized waffle raft. The developed system can easily be installed in stable to highly reactive sites, minimizing site disturbance, on-site assembly requirements and maximizing construction speed, quality and sustainability.
{"title":"An Optimized Prefabricated Raft Footing System for Houses on Shrink-Swell Soils: Preliminary Results","authors":"B. Teodosio, K. Shanaka, K. S. K. Baduge, P. Mendis","doi":"10.29173/MOCS77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS77","url":null,"abstract":"The strong demand for houses has been hampered by a shortage of skilled labor in Australia, which can be potentially alleviated using prefabrication. Significant advancements in the design and construction of prefabricated houses have been observed; however, most substructure constructions still use traditional cast-in-place method that is labor intensive and weather-dependent. Prefabrication of footing systems is an advantageous solution since this require minimal manual labor and shorter construction period. The design of an innovative prefabricated footing needs to consider structural integrity and design assembly. One of the important structural issues for light-weight houses is cyclic differential ground movements affecting footing systems due to reactive soils. This shrink-swell movements are due to the decrease and increase in soil moisture, which can cause minor to severe damage depending on the presence of fines. Due to the issues on shortage of skilled labor and housing, and the costly impact of shrink-swell movements of reactive soils to footings, this study aims to develop a prefabricated footing based on optimized waffle raft. The developed system can easily be installed in stable to highly reactive sites, minimizing site disturbance, on-site assembly requirements and maximizing construction speed, quality and sustainability.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129341483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Aranda, A. Salenikovich, J. Daniel Dolan, P. Dechent
Shear walls are the major components of the lateral-force-resisting system (LFRS) in light-frame wood buildings. With the growing popularity of mid-rise prefabricated light-frame wood construction, engineers need basic design information on the shear walls to design and produce safe structures in case of high winds and earthquakes. The racking resistance of light-frame shear walls depends on many factors, including sheathing and hold-down devices and, most importantly, sheathing-to-framing fastenings. While the performance of nailed shear walls has been studied extensively, and design information is included in the design codes, there is little information on stapled shear walls, specifically in the US and Canada. The cost of staples is significantly less than that of equivalent nails; hence, the use of staples instead of nails would allow cost savings in mass production if they provide sufficient resistance and displacement capacity in the engineered shear walls. This paper presents the results of a pilot study which was focused on the comparison of the performance of nailed and stapled shear walls in laboratory tests under monotonic and cyclic loading in accordance with ASTM E564 and E2126, respectively. Several series of tests were performed on 2.4-m (8-ft) square shear walls with 11-mm (7/16-in) OSB sheathing with various hold-downs and various spacing of sheathing staples and nails on the perimeter of the sheathing panels (5-cm (2-in), 10-cm (4-in) and 15-cm (6-in)) and 19-mm and 10-mm edge distances. The staples were 16-gauge (50-mm (2-in) long with 11-mm (7/16-in) crown). The nails were 8d box steel wire nails (63-mm (2½-in) long with 2.87-mm (0.113-in) diameter). The test results revealed a similar performance of the nailed and stapled shear walls, and the need for careful detailing. Therefore, prefabrication of walls in the factory settings is preferable to the on-site construction to allow the production quality control.
{"title":"Characterisation of the Lateral Resistance of Stapled Shear Walls","authors":"R. Aranda, A. Salenikovich, J. Daniel Dolan, P. Dechent","doi":"10.29173/MOCS125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS125","url":null,"abstract":"Shear walls are the major components of the lateral-force-resisting system (LFRS) in light-frame wood buildings. With the growing popularity of mid-rise prefabricated light-frame wood construction, engineers need basic design information on the shear walls to design and produce safe structures in case of high winds and earthquakes. The racking resistance of light-frame shear walls depends on many factors, including sheathing and hold-down devices and, most importantly, sheathing-to-framing fastenings. While the performance of nailed shear walls has been studied extensively, and design information is included in the design codes, there is little information on stapled shear walls, specifically in the US and Canada. The cost of staples is significantly less than that of equivalent nails; hence, the use of staples instead of nails would allow cost savings in mass production if they provide sufficient resistance and displacement capacity in the engineered shear walls. This paper presents the results of a pilot study which was focused on the comparison of the performance of nailed and stapled shear walls in laboratory tests under monotonic and cyclic loading in accordance with ASTM E564 and E2126, respectively. Several series of tests were performed on 2.4-m (8-ft) square shear walls with 11-mm (7/16-in) OSB sheathing with various hold-downs and various spacing of sheathing staples and nails on the perimeter of the sheathing panels (5-cm (2-in), 10-cm (4-in) and 15-cm (6-in)) and 19-mm and 10-mm edge distances. The staples were 16-gauge (50-mm (2-in) long with 11-mm (7/16-in) crown). The nails were 8d box steel wire nails (63-mm (2½-in) long with 2.87-mm (0.113-in) diameter). The test results revealed a similar performance of the nailed and stapled shear walls, and the need for careful detailing. Therefore, prefabrication of walls in the factory settings is preferable to the on-site construction to allow the production quality control.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122687387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tall buildings are a unique type of structure with their own characteristic behaviour. They are most often occupied by a large number of people; therefore, their damage, loss of functionality, or, in worst case scenario, collapse will lead to catastrophic consequences. There are methodologies intended to provide structural integrity or increase structural robustness in tall buildings, thereby making structures resistant to disproportionate collapse, which is characterized by a cascading progression of damage that is not proportionate to the initial failure. Tall buildings are commonly constructed with steel and concrete. As a result, most of the attempts at providing structural integrity are dedicated to mitigating the effect of disproportionate collapse in the steel and concrete members, connections, and their systems. On the other hand, with rising demand for new sustainable buildings in urban areas, tall mass timber buildings have attracted increased attention nationally and internationally. Ease of modularization and offsite construction is one of the greatest advantages of using mass timber in tall building construction in the congested urban areas of major cities. A major challenge facing the engineering community is the lack of research studies regarding the structural robustness required to mitigate the potential of disproportionate collapse. The current study seeks to begin the process of understanding the behaviour of mass timber components and assemblages, and make recommendations regarding their performance and possible means to mitigate the occurrence of disproportionate collapse. These recommendations would lead to safer structural performance in the event of localized damage that has the potential to spread to a disproportionately large part of the structure.
{"title":"Disproportionate Collapse Mitigation in Tall Mass Timber Buildings","authors":"H. Daneshvar, Y. Chui","doi":"10.29173/MOCS121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS121","url":null,"abstract":"Tall buildings are a unique type of structure with their own characteristic behaviour. They are most often occupied by a large number of people; therefore, their damage, loss of functionality, or, in worst case scenario, collapse will lead to catastrophic consequences. There are methodologies intended to provide structural integrity or increase structural robustness in tall buildings, thereby making structures resistant to disproportionate collapse, which is characterized by a cascading progression of damage that is not proportionate to the initial failure. Tall buildings are commonly constructed with steel and concrete. As a result, most of the attempts at providing structural integrity are dedicated to mitigating the effect of disproportionate collapse in the steel and concrete members, connections, and their systems. On the other hand, with rising demand for new sustainable buildings in urban areas, tall mass timber buildings have attracted increased attention nationally and internationally. Ease of modularization and offsite construction is one of the greatest advantages of using mass timber in tall building construction in the congested urban areas of major cities. A major challenge facing the engineering community is the lack of research studies regarding the structural robustness required to mitigate the potential of disproportionate collapse. The current study seeks to begin the process of understanding the behaviour of mass timber components and assemblages, and make recommendations regarding their performance and possible means to mitigate the occurrence of disproportionate collapse. These recommendations would lead to safer structural performance in the event of localized damage that has the potential to spread to a disproportionately large part of the structure.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121614149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Brisland, P. Forsythe, Alirezea Ahmadian Fard Fini
The recent uptake of Mass Timber (M.T.), a prefabricated timber panelised form of construction, provides a potential sustainable resource to facilitate improved productivity outcomes to the construction industry. However, in Australia as well as U.S. and Canada, M.T. is in its infancy and there is a lack of empirical information available to industry. This consequently has resulted in reluctance by contractors and professionals to uptake this new innovative system. The aim of this paper is to undertake a comprehensive review of the on-site productivity outcomes. A quantitative Case Study approach was implemented by way of time-lapse digital video recording of three M.T. multi-storey buildings located in NSW, Australia. Crane cycles of the installation of the M.T. prefabricated panels were found to be the most representative and repeatable process and as a consequence were used to measure the M.T. productivity. Discussion is provided on potential areas of process and consequential productivity improvement. The M.T. crane cycles productivity at an Activity Level compared to M.T. productivity at Project Level revealed large differential between the two levels. The quantum of Non-Value Add activities was found to be a significant factor in the overall Project Level productivity outcome. This review paper undertakes a review of the outcomes of the case studies on the M.T. installation on three multi-storey buildings, the factors found that affected the resultant on-site construction productivity and its resultant beneficial implications to the construction industry.
{"title":"Mass Timber Productivity- the Significance of Reduction in Non-Value Add Activities during On-Site Installation Sequence.","authors":"R. Brisland, P. Forsythe, Alirezea Ahmadian Fard Fini","doi":"10.29173/MOCS98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS98","url":null,"abstract":"The recent uptake of Mass Timber (M.T.), a prefabricated timber panelised form of construction, provides a potential sustainable resource to facilitate improved productivity outcomes to the construction industry. However, in Australia as well as U.S. and Canada, M.T. is in its infancy and there is a lack of empirical information available to industry. This consequently has resulted in reluctance by contractors and professionals to uptake this new innovative system. The aim of this paper is to undertake a comprehensive review of the on-site productivity outcomes. A quantitative Case Study approach was implemented by way of time-lapse digital video recording of three M.T. multi-storey buildings located in NSW, Australia. Crane cycles of the installation of the M.T. prefabricated panels were found to be the most representative and repeatable process and as a consequence were used to measure the M.T. productivity. Discussion is provided on potential areas of process and consequential productivity improvement. The M.T. crane cycles productivity at an Activity Level compared to M.T. productivity at Project Level revealed large differential between the two levels. The quantum of Non-Value Add activities was found to be a significant factor in the overall Project Level productivity outcome. This review paper undertakes a review of the outcomes of the case studies on the M.T. installation on three multi-storey buildings, the factors found that affected the resultant on-site construction productivity and its resultant beneficial implications to the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133807173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The term ‘industrialised construction’ carries the promise of an industry transformed, an industry driven by improved processes and higher quality products. One of the more obvious differences between industrialised construction and traditional construction is the factory. Yet it is often undervalued as a secondary consideration to the seemingly more important factors of speed, efficiency and economic rationalisation. This paper offers a reconsideration of the history of the factory as a critical feature in shaping contemporary sites of production in the construction industry. While the manufacturing mega-factories of today continue to develop at a rapid rate, their composition has been shaped by all three previous industrial revolutions and the current fourth. Drawing on the legacies of mechanisation, mass production and automation, today’s factory is informed by ideas of lean and agile production, and the connected factory forecast by Industry 4.0 looks towards the internet, cloud and IoT in visions of the future. By charting the evolution of the preceding three phases of industry in relation to key architectural developments of the factory, this paper reflects upon which aspects of these earlier chapters of manufacturing have affected the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the industrialised construction sector. Research in this area has often asked what the production sites of industrialised construction can learn from contemporary manufacturing, such as the automotive, aerospace or technology industries. By contrast, this paper questions the how the potential requirements of industrialised construction might differ from other forms of manufacturing and how this might in turn inform future sites of production in this sector. This paper speculates that a contemporary industrialised construction industry would be wise to re-evaluate the factory as a space specific to construction, distinct from manufacturing origins, in order to better address the broad range of new, or previously under-considered, industry specific requirements.
{"title":"The Legacies of Manufacturing and Factories of Industrialised Construction","authors":"R. Couper, Duncan W. Maxwell, Mathew H. Aitchison","doi":"10.29173/MOCS100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS100","url":null,"abstract":"The term ‘industrialised construction’ carries the promise of an industry transformed, an industry driven by improved processes and higher quality products. One of the more obvious differences between industrialised construction and traditional construction is the factory. Yet it is often undervalued as a secondary consideration to the seemingly more important factors of speed, efficiency and economic rationalisation. This paper offers a reconsideration of the history of the factory as a critical feature in shaping contemporary sites of production in the construction industry. While the manufacturing mega-factories of today continue to develop at a rapid rate, their composition has been shaped by all three previous industrial revolutions and the current fourth. Drawing on the legacies of mechanisation, mass production and automation, today’s factory is informed by ideas of lean and agile production, and the connected factory forecast by Industry 4.0 looks towards the internet, cloud and IoT in visions of the future. By charting the evolution of the preceding three phases of industry in relation to key architectural developments of the factory, this paper reflects upon which aspects of these earlier chapters of manufacturing have affected the implementation of Industry 4.0 in the industrialised construction sector. Research in this area has often asked what the production sites of industrialised construction can learn from contemporary manufacturing, such as the automotive, aerospace or technology industries. By contrast, this paper questions the how the potential requirements of industrialised construction might differ from other forms of manufacturing and how this might in turn inform future sites of production in this sector. This paper speculates that a contemporary industrialised construction industry would be wise to re-evaluate the factory as a space specific to construction, distinct from manufacturing origins, in order to better address the broad range of new, or previously under-considered, industry specific requirements.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116621612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) is an innovative construction technique used to accelerate the construction of new bridges, as well as the renovation/replacement of existing bridges. Due to the benefits offered by ABC, transportation authorities have a higher preference in executing an accelerated approach over conventional bridge construction. The execution of an accelerated approach has differences when compared to the conventional approach, and it is important to identify such differences for the successful implementation of ABC projects. However, there have been no studies to identify such execution differences. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify execution plan differences relevant to ABC. For this purpose, an extensive literature review was conducted to prepare a preliminary list of execution plan differences. Then, a questionnaire survey was administered with the industry experts, who were previously involved in the execution of ABC projects, to validate the preliminary list. Based on the literature review and the responses from questionnaire survey, this study identified 61 execution plan differences relevant to ABC in different phases of execution. This study is expected to benefit owners, contractors, and road/bridge users for successful execution of ABC projects.
{"title":"A Pilot Study of Identifying Execution Plan Differences for Accelerated Bridge Construction","authors":"Elina Prajapati, Jin Ouk Choi","doi":"10.29173/MOCS94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS94","url":null,"abstract":"Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) is an innovative construction technique used to accelerate the construction of new bridges, as well as the renovation/replacement of existing bridges. Due to the benefits offered by ABC, transportation authorities have a higher preference in executing an accelerated approach over conventional bridge construction. The execution of an accelerated approach has differences when compared to the conventional approach, and it is important to identify such differences for the successful implementation of ABC projects. However, there have been no studies to identify such execution differences. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify execution plan differences relevant to ABC. For this purpose, an extensive literature review was conducted to prepare a preliminary list of execution plan differences. Then, a questionnaire survey was administered with the industry experts, who were previously involved in the execution of ABC projects, to validate the preliminary list. Based on the literature review and the responses from questionnaire survey, this study identified 61 execution plan differences relevant to ABC in different phases of execution. This study is expected to benefit owners, contractors, and road/bridge users for successful execution of ABC projects.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"2005 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125809879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modular construction is being touted as one solution to address project delays and cost overruns in the construction industry. Modular construction is a delivery method wherein building components are prefabricated off-site and then transported to the job site for assembly. Thus, prefabrication is a significant element of modular construction that enables work to happen in parallel to accelerate project schedules, enhance safety, and reduce physical work on-site. Timber is becoming a primary material for prefabricating elements since wood is a renewable material, possesses high strength-weight ratio, and sequesters carbon. The use of wood in the form of cross-laminated timber (CLT) introduces new opportunities but also logistical issues in the supply chain from forest to the manufacturing facility to the construction site. Depending on the type of CLT and the level of modularity (i.e., 2D elements or volumetric), major constraints in this process have been identified including (1) fluctuation in the supply of raw wood to manufacturing facilities, (2) limitations in the capacity to create CLT panels, (3) shipping limitations based on allowable loads, and (4) crane availability for assembly of panels on the site. This paper explores the use of simulation models to study the effect of these logistical constraints in modular construction using prefabricated CLT on the total time and hence cost of projects. Specifically, discrete event simulation (DES) will be used to model CLT logistics to identify bottlenecks and provide sensitivity analyses of variables such as lumber supply, travel times, and manufacturing plant capacity on project cost and time. A case study of modular multi-story building construction is examined to showcase the utility of the developed simulation framework. It is expected that simulating modular CLT logistics will enable the identification of optimal strategies towards their successful implementation.
{"title":"Decision-making for Cross-Laminated Timber Modular Construction Logistics Using Discrete Event Simulation","authors":"Bahar Abiri, Joseph Louis, M. Riggio","doi":"10.29173/MOCS117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS117","url":null,"abstract":"Modular construction is being touted as one solution to address project delays and cost overruns in the construction industry. Modular construction is a delivery method wherein building components are prefabricated off-site and then transported to the job site for assembly. Thus, prefabrication is a significant element of modular construction that enables work to happen in parallel to accelerate project schedules, enhance safety, and reduce physical work on-site. Timber is becoming a primary material for prefabricating elements since wood is a renewable material, possesses high strength-weight ratio, and sequesters carbon. The use of wood in the form of cross-laminated timber (CLT) introduces new opportunities but also logistical issues in the supply chain from forest to the manufacturing facility to the construction site. Depending on the type of CLT and the level of modularity (i.e., 2D elements or volumetric), major constraints in this process have been identified including (1) fluctuation in the supply of raw wood to manufacturing facilities, (2) limitations in the capacity to create CLT panels, (3) shipping limitations based on allowable loads, and (4) crane availability for assembly of panels on the site. This paper explores the use of simulation models to study the effect of these logistical constraints in modular construction using prefabricated CLT on the total time and hence cost of projects. Specifically, discrete event simulation (DES) will be used to model CLT logistics to identify bottlenecks and provide sensitivity analyses of variables such as lumber supply, travel times, and manufacturing plant capacity on project cost and time. A case study of modular multi-story building construction is examined to showcase the utility of the developed simulation framework. It is expected that simulating modular CLT logistics will enable the identification of optimal strategies towards their successful implementation.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121920228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Mohammad, Julie Tourrilhes, Richard Coxford, M. Williamson
In order to expedite market acceptance and facilitate the commercial uptake of wood products and systems in Canada, it is necessary to showcase such applications through high-rise and non-residential building demonstration projects. This paper presents recent initiatives by the Government of Canada focused on increasing use of wood as a green building material in infrastructure projects by supporting such demonstration projects. The objective of Green Construction through Wood (GCWood) program (launched in 2017) is to support the design and construction of several high-rise and non-residential timber demonstration buildings and bridges in Canada through expression of interest (EOI) calls. The program is also supporting research and development activities to facilitate acceptance of provisions that would allow for the construction of tall wood buildings in Canadian building codes and advanced wood education at engineering and architectural colleges and universities to help develop the future design capacity in Canada.
{"title":"Canadian Mass Timber Demonstration Projects Initiatives","authors":"M. Mohammad, Julie Tourrilhes, Richard Coxford, M. Williamson","doi":"10.29173/MOCS76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS76","url":null,"abstract":"In order to expedite market acceptance and facilitate the commercial uptake of wood products and systems in Canada, it is necessary to showcase such applications through high-rise and non-residential building demonstration projects. This paper presents recent initiatives by the Government of Canada focused on increasing use of wood as a green building material in infrastructure projects by supporting such demonstration projects. The objective of Green Construction through Wood (GCWood) program (launched in 2017) is to support the design and construction of several high-rise and non-residential timber demonstration buildings and bridges in Canada through expression of interest (EOI) calls. The program is also supporting research and development activities to facilitate acceptance of provisions that would allow for the construction of tall wood buildings in Canadian building codes and advanced wood education at engineering and architectural colleges and universities to help develop the future design capacity in Canada.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125648254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuedan Liu, Chao Mao, Guiwen Liu, Fangyun Xie, Fu Yan
Construction industrialization plays an important role in the development of construction industry, and the stakeholders of the industrial chain are the key factors affecting the development. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the transformation of stakeholders in the construction industrialization industry chain from the perspective of niche theory. Through the method of literature review, the enterprise niche measurement model is studied and established. Then take the case of 59 national housing industrialization base as the verification goal, explore the change law of stakeholders. The results show that the transformation situation of various stakeholders is quite different and related to the Division of labor in the industrial chain.
{"title":"Research on Roles Transformation of Stakeholder in the Industry Chain of Industrialized Building in China Based on Niche Theory","authors":"Yuedan Liu, Chao Mao, Guiwen Liu, Fangyun Xie, Fu Yan","doi":"10.29173/MOCS72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/MOCS72","url":null,"abstract":"Construction industrialization plays an important role in the development of construction industry, and the stakeholders of the industrial chain are the key factors affecting the development. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the transformation of stakeholders in the construction industrialization industry chain from the perspective of niche theory. Through the method of literature review, the enterprise niche measurement model is studied and established. Then take the case of 59 national housing industrialization base as the verification goal, explore the change law of stakeholders. The results show that the transformation situation of various stakeholders is quite different and related to the Division of labor in the industrial chain.","PeriodicalId":422911,"journal":{"name":"Modular and Offsite Construction (MOC) Summit Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131195931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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