Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.10s202
Divjot Kour, Sofia Shareif Khan, H. Kour, T. Kaur, Rubee Devi, Christina Judy, P. Rai, Chloe McQuestion, Sara Spells, Ava Bianchi, Rajinikanth Mohan, A. Rai, Ajar Nath Yadav
The rise in environmental pollution over the past few decades due to rapid industrialization and unsafe agricultural practices has become a major challenge. The presence of toxic pollutants such as nuclear wastes, heavy metals, pesticides, and hydrocarbons has been languishing the environment as well as the human health. Bioremediation using microbial communities is emerging as an incredible, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach to ameliorate the adverse effects of toxic pollutants. Microbes possess astonishing metabolic capabilities to alter most forms of organic material and can survive in extreme environmental conditions which make them attractive candidate for the bioremediation. Microbes are the treasure houses for environmental cleaning and recovering of contaminated soil and they have been reported from diverse environmental conditions including hot, cold, drought, and saline. Different groups of bioremediating microbes have reported from diverse conditions, that is, bacteria, fungi including yeast, and algae. Microbes belonging to genera Alcaligenes, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Ganoderma, Methosinus, Nocardia, Phormidium, Pseudomonas , Rhizopus , Rhodococcus, and Stereum have been reported as potential and efficient bioremediators for the degradation of different pollutants of the environment such as xenobiotics, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and paper and pulp effluent. The present review focuses on microbial diversity in bioremediation, techniques applied in bioremediation, bioremediation of different environmental pollutants, and how bioremediation processes could be monitored.
{"title":"Microbe-mediated bioremediation: Current research and future challenges","authors":"Divjot Kour, Sofia Shareif Khan, H. Kour, T. Kaur, Rubee Devi, Christina Judy, P. Rai, Chloe McQuestion, Sara Spells, Ava Bianchi, Rajinikanth Mohan, A. Rai, Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s202","url":null,"abstract":"The rise in environmental pollution over the past few decades due to rapid industrialization and unsafe agricultural practices has become a major challenge. The presence of toxic pollutants such as nuclear wastes, heavy metals, pesticides, and hydrocarbons has been languishing the environment as well as the human health. Bioremediation using microbial communities is emerging as an incredible, eco-friendly, and cost-effective approach to ameliorate the adverse effects of toxic pollutants. Microbes possess astonishing metabolic capabilities to alter most forms of organic material and can survive in extreme environmental conditions which make them attractive candidate for the bioremediation. Microbes are the treasure houses for environmental cleaning and recovering of contaminated soil and they have been reported from diverse environmental conditions including hot, cold, drought, and saline. Different groups of bioremediating microbes have reported from diverse conditions, that is, bacteria, fungi including yeast, and algae. Microbes belonging to genera Alcaligenes, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Ganoderma, Methosinus, Nocardia, Phormidium, Pseudomonas , Rhizopus , Rhodococcus, and Stereum have been reported as potential and efficient bioremediators for the degradation of different pollutants of the environment such as xenobiotics, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and paper and pulp effluent. The present review focuses on microbial diversity in bioremediation, techniques applied in bioremediation, bioremediation of different environmental pollutants, and how bioremediation processes could be monitored.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114551056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 6-week-long feeding trial experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of Bromelain, a blend of proteolytic enzymes present in pineapple wastes on growth performance, biochemical, and hematological profiles of the fingerlings of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. For this, 240 Nile tilapia fingerlings (9 ± 0.11 cm) were fed a commercial diet, supplemented with different levels of pineapple peel extract (PPE) at 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios. After 45 days of the feeding trial, growth parameters, biochemical constituents, and the level of blood cells were assessed. It was found that the growth parameters such as weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate were increased ( p < 0.05) along with the total protein and amino acid content and few hematological parameters; whereas the feed conversion ratio was found to be reduced significantly ( p > 0.05) without changing the white blood cell count with PPE supplementation. Thus, the PPE can be a potential feed supplement in Nile tilapia aquaculture.
{"title":"Bromelain improves the growth, biochemical, and hematological profiles of the fingerlings of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"Jhanani Gopalraaj, John Britto Sagaya , Raj, Krishnakumar Velayudhannair, Latha Chandrakas","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s207","url":null,"abstract":"A 6-week-long feeding trial experiment was conducted to study the efficacy of Bromelain, a blend of proteolytic enzymes present in pineapple wastes on growth performance, biochemical, and hematological profiles of the fingerlings of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. For this, 240 Nile tilapia fingerlings (9 ± 0.11 cm) were fed a commercial diet, supplemented with different levels of pineapple peel extract (PPE) at 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios. After 45 days of the feeding trial, growth parameters, biochemical constituents, and the level of blood cells were assessed. It was found that the growth parameters such as weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and specific growth rate were increased ( p < 0.05) along with the total protein and amino acid content and few hematological parameters; whereas the feed conversion ratio was found to be reduced significantly ( p > 0.05) without changing the white blood cell count with PPE supplementation. Thus, the PPE can be a potential feed supplement in Nile tilapia aquaculture.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126278465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.10s203
Rubee Devi, T. Kaur, Divjot Kour, Macie Hricovec, Rajinikanth Mohan, N. Yadav, P. Rai, A. Rai, A. Yadav, Manish Kumar, Ajar Nath Yadav
Heavy metals (HMs) pollute the environment on a global scale and have different harmful effect on ecosystem. Outstripping accumulation of diverse toxic HMs in soils has altered the diversity, structure and function of microflora, degraded soils, reduces growth and yield of plant, and entered the food chain. HM treatment is necessary for maintaining the agricultural soil health. Many procedures and approaches have been used to recover contaminated soils in recent time, however, most of them were too pricey not environmentally friendly, and negatively affected soil properties. Usage of microbes was found as cost affective and ecofriendly approach for bioremediation of HMs. Microbes increased sustainability in agriculture soil health, which is essential to uninterrupted plant growth or improvement in stress full condition through mechanism likes productions phytohormones, organic acids, biosurfactants, exopolymers, antioxidant enzymes; and solubilization of phosphorus. It is well known that plant growth-promoting microbes enhance crop productivity and plant resistance to HM stress. In this following review, deep insight have has provided on mechanism of alleviation of HM stress by microbes and enhancement of plant growth promotion.
{"title":"Microbes-mediated alleviation of heavy metal stress in crops: Current research and future challenges","authors":"Rubee Devi, T. Kaur, Divjot Kour, Macie Hricovec, Rajinikanth Mohan, N. Yadav, P. Rai, A. Rai, A. Yadav, Manish Kumar, Ajar Nath Yadav","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s203","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals (HMs) pollute the environment on a global scale and have different harmful effect on ecosystem. Outstripping accumulation of diverse toxic HMs in soils has altered the diversity, structure and function of microflora, degraded soils, reduces growth and yield of plant, and entered the food chain. HM treatment is necessary for maintaining the agricultural soil health. Many procedures and approaches have been used to recover contaminated soils in recent time, however, most of them were too pricey not environmentally friendly, and negatively affected soil properties. Usage of microbes was found as cost affective and ecofriendly approach for bioremediation of HMs. Microbes increased sustainability in agriculture soil health, which is essential to uninterrupted plant growth or improvement in stress full condition through mechanism likes productions phytohormones, organic acids, biosurfactants, exopolymers, antioxidant enzymes; and solubilization of phosphorus. It is well known that plant growth-promoting microbes enhance crop productivity and plant resistance to HM stress. In this following review, deep insight have has provided on mechanism of alleviation of HM stress by microbes and enhancement of plant growth promotion.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124327049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.10s204
Varsha Yadav, Saveena Dhanger, Jaigopal Sharma
Decades ago, microplastic presence was corroborated in aquatic ecosystem, but revelations from current studies indicate microplastics (MPs) as ubiquitous environmental concern and demonstrate our plasticized life, because of microplastic existent in food, air, water, and soil. Existence of MPs in terrestrial ecosystem is long recognized now and additionally, all the evidence that has been found for microplastic entering the farm soils indicated that they are gradually accumulating in the agricultural soil. While previous studies focused extensively on marine systems, the increasing toxicity of MPs in agricultural cultivated soils and the aspects of MPs being accumulated causing bio-toxification are being looked upon presently. They potentially damage the yield of crop plants making their roots unable to uptake water and nutrients from the soil by accumulating near the roots. MPs have already invaded the terrestrial food chain and they have been detected in excreta of livestock animals along with earthworms and crop plants. MPs are abundant in farm soil that has interacted with sewage-sludge, plastic mulching sheets, organic fertilizers, and vermicompost for a long duration. This review focuses on current evidence of microplastic accumulation in farm soil, thereby enlightening the potential damages to crop plants, soil properties, soil microbes while ultimately reaching humans via the food chain. It also covers the recent advances for soil microplastic extraction, treatment, and possible bioremediation strategies.
{"title":"Microplastics accumulation in agricultural soil: Evidence for the presence, potential effects, extraction, and current bioremediation approaches","authors":"Varsha Yadav, Saveena Dhanger, Jaigopal Sharma","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s204","url":null,"abstract":"Decades ago, microplastic presence was corroborated in aquatic ecosystem, but revelations from current studies indicate microplastics (MPs) as ubiquitous environmental concern and demonstrate our plasticized life, because of microplastic existent in food, air, water, and soil. Existence of MPs in terrestrial ecosystem is long recognized now and additionally, all the evidence that has been found for microplastic entering the farm soils indicated that they are gradually accumulating in the agricultural soil. While previous studies focused extensively on marine systems, the increasing toxicity of MPs in agricultural cultivated soils and the aspects of MPs being accumulated causing bio-toxification are being looked upon presently. They potentially damage the yield of crop plants making their roots unable to uptake water and nutrients from the soil by accumulating near the roots. MPs have already invaded the terrestrial food chain and they have been detected in excreta of livestock animals along with earthworms and crop plants. MPs are abundant in farm soil that has interacted with sewage-sludge, plastic mulching sheets, organic fertilizers, and vermicompost for a long duration. This review focuses on current evidence of microplastic accumulation in farm soil, thereby enlightening the potential damages to crop plants, soil properties, soil microbes while ultimately reaching humans via the food chain. It also covers the recent advances for soil microplastic extraction, treatment, and possible bioremediation strategies.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116797643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.10s210
Sandeep Kumar, Ashutosh Yadav, A. Maurya, S. G. Pratap, P. Singh, A. Raj
The tannery industries have greatly improved their treatment system; treated effluents still need to be properly delineated for contaminants and toxicity. In this study, the analysis of both raw and treated tannery effluents (TEs) revealed the maximum reduction of chromium (91%), followed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) (76.7%), total dissolved solids (TDSs) (43.3%), oil and grease (37.2%), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) (33.3%) after common effluent treatment plant (CETP) treatment. Further, the concentration of TDS (13,317 ± 2.7 mg/l), BOD (280 ± 4.47 mg/l), COD (409 ± 2.4 mg/l), sulfate (3773 ± 7.3 mg/l), nitrate (734.86 ± 0.4 mg/l), chloride (8053.59 ± 18.7 mg/l), and chromium (7.153 ± 0.02 mg/l) in treated TE was 6.3-, 9.3-, 1.6-, 3.8-, 73.4-, 13.4-, and 3.6-fold higher than the permissible limit fixed by Central Pollution Control Board. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as furan, phthalate, and fatty acid in CETP-treated TE. Phytotoxicity investigation of TE on fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.) seeds germination shows that both raw and CETP-treated TEs were inhibitory for seed germination and plant growth. Further, treated TE inhibited seed germination (30%), root length (97.3%), and shoot length (88.7%) in T. foenum-graecum and at 50% concentration, respectively. However, CETP-treated TE was less toxic than the raw TE. Further, fenugreek seeds were more sensitive to TE, as they could not be germinated in both undiluted raw and treated TEs. The finding of the present study reveals that CETP-treated effluents contain a complex mixture of toxic contaminants, indicating that it is not safe to discharge these effluents into the environment.
{"title":"Characterization of tannery effluents by analyzing the recalcitrant organic pollutants and phytotoxicity assay","authors":"Sandeep Kumar, Ashutosh Yadav, A. Maurya, S. G. Pratap, P. Singh, A. Raj","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s210","url":null,"abstract":"The tannery industries have greatly improved their treatment system; treated effluents still need to be properly delineated for contaminants and toxicity. In this study, the analysis of both raw and treated tannery effluents (TEs) revealed the maximum reduction of chromium (91%), followed by chemical oxygen demand (COD) (76.7%), total dissolved solids (TDSs) (43.3%), oil and grease (37.2%), and biological oxygen demand (BOD) (33.3%) after common effluent treatment plant (CETP) treatment. Further, the concentration of TDS (13,317 ± 2.7 mg/l), BOD (280 ± 4.47 mg/l), COD (409 ± 2.4 mg/l), sulfate (3773 ± 7.3 mg/l), nitrate (734.86 ± 0.4 mg/l), chloride (8053.59 ± 18.7 mg/l), and chromium (7.153 ± 0.02 mg/l) in treated TE was 6.3-, 9.3-, 1.6-, 3.8-, 73.4-, 13.4-, and 3.6-fold higher than the permissible limit fixed by Central Pollution Control Board. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as furan, phthalate, and fatty acid in CETP-treated TE. Phytotoxicity investigation of TE on fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and mung bean ( Vigna radiata L.) seeds germination shows that both raw and CETP-treated TEs were inhibitory for seed germination and plant growth. Further, treated TE inhibited seed germination (30%), root length (97.3%), and shoot length (88.7%) in T. foenum-graecum and at 50% concentration, respectively. However, CETP-treated TE was less toxic than the raw TE. Further, fenugreek seeds were more sensitive to TE, as they could not be germinated in both undiluted raw and treated TEs. The finding of the present study reveals that CETP-treated effluents contain a complex mixture of toxic contaminants, indicating that it is not safe to discharge these effluents into the environment.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121740149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.10s211
C. Mayilsami, Shobina Kannan, Jegathambal Palanichamy, T. Sugitha
Dyes are the visible contaminants that are released from the textile industries. Decontamination of textile dye effluents using microbes is environmentally viable over chemical, physical and other mechanical methods. Bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae have synergistic metabolic activities that alter the chromogen and degrade the absorbed dye color. This work was aimed at investigating the dye decolorization potential of a mixed microbial culture (MMC) obtained from different soil and sludge samples. A single dye (Direct Blue 53) was used for comparison studies. The MMC were incubated for 9 days in mineral salt medium with dye and the absorbance of its filtrate at 647 nm (Blue dye) and 308 nm (Industrial dye) was noted down for every 22 h. The color removal efficiency (CRE) by MMC were 47.04%, 46.77%, 45.21%, and 35.02% for soil of textile dyeing unit (DS), sludge from STP (SE) soil (SS) from drying bed of STP and sludge from membrane reactor of dyeing unit (DE) respectively. Further, the maximum CRE of 98.35% was recorded by microbial culture from drying bed soil of STP (SS), followed by microbial culture from STP sludge (SE) was 97.96%, textile dyeing unit soil (DS) of 96.99%, and sludge form membrane reactor of dyeing unit (DE) was 96%. Bacillus sp. isolated from eco-bio block was tested against the blue dye and gave color removal of about 89.25%. The study concluded that the microbe present in soil obtained from the dyeing unit is naturally acclimatized to the dye waste and hence shows highest dye removal efficiency.
染料是从纺织工业中释放出来的可见污染物。与化学、物理和其他机械方法相比，利用微生物对纺织染料废水进行净化在环境上是可行的。细菌、真菌、酵母和藻类具有协同代谢活动，可以改变色素原并降解吸收的染料颜色。本工作旨在研究从不同土壤和污泥样品中获得的混合微生物培养物(MMC)的染料脱色潜力。采用单一染料(Direct Blue 53)进行比较研究。MMC在含染料的无机盐培养基中培养9 d，每22 h记录其滤液在647 nm(蓝色染料)和308 nm(工业染料)处的吸光度。MMC对纺织染色装置(DS)土壤、STP (SE)干燥床土壤(SS)污泥和染色装置(DE)膜反应器污泥的去色效率分别为47.04%、46.77%、45.21%和35.02%。以STP干燥床土(SS)微生物培养的CRE最高，为98.35%，其次为STP污泥(SE)微生物培养的CRE为97.96%，其次为纺织印染单元土壤(DS)微生物培养的CRE为96.99%，最后为染色单元膜反应器污泥培养的CRE为96%。从生态块中分离得到的芽孢杆菌对蓝色染料的去色率为89.25%。研究得出结论，从染色单元获得的土壤中存在的微生物对染料废物自然适应，因此表现出最高的染料去除效率。
{"title":"Bioremediation of textile dyeing industry effluent from small-scale industries using a microbial consortium of Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, and Aspergillus niger","authors":"C. Mayilsami, Shobina Kannan, Jegathambal Palanichamy, T. Sugitha","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s211","url":null,"abstract":"Dyes are the visible contaminants that are released from the textile industries. Decontamination of textile dye effluents using microbes is environmentally viable over chemical, physical and other mechanical methods. Bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae have synergistic metabolic activities that alter the chromogen and degrade the absorbed dye color. This work was aimed at investigating the dye decolorization potential of a mixed microbial culture (MMC) obtained from different soil and sludge samples. A single dye (Direct Blue 53) was used for comparison studies. The MMC were incubated for 9 days in mineral salt medium with dye and the absorbance of its filtrate at 647 nm (Blue dye) and 308 nm (Industrial dye) was noted down for every 22 h. The color removal efficiency (CRE) by MMC were 47.04%, 46.77%, 45.21%, and 35.02% for soil of textile dyeing unit (DS), sludge from STP (SE) soil (SS) from drying bed of STP and sludge from membrane reactor of dyeing unit (DE) respectively. Further, the maximum CRE of 98.35% was recorded by microbial culture from drying bed soil of STP (SS), followed by microbial culture from STP sludge (SE) was 97.96%, textile dyeing unit soil (DS) of 96.99%, and sludge form membrane reactor of dyeing unit (DE) was 96%. Bacillus sp. isolated from eco-bio block was tested against the blue dye and gave color removal of about 89.25%. The study concluded that the microbe present in soil obtained from the dyeing unit is naturally acclimatized to the dye waste and hence shows highest dye removal efficiency.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132275038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.10s212
M. Maniyam, H. Azman, H. Abdullah, N. Yaacob
Environmental concern over the discharge of improperly treated textile wastewater has been on the rise. The present study explored the use of the limitedly studied, tropical Rhodococcus pyridinivorans for the decolorization of crystal violet, a typically encountered dye in the textile industry. The effect of agitation speed, temperature, pH, nutritional source, initial dye concentration, and size of inoculum on crystal violet removal were evaluated using one-factor-at-a-time method. Decolorization of 0.6 mM crystal violet carried out at agitated mode showed 73 ± 3% crystal violet removal efficiency in comparison to static mode (43 ± 2%) after 24 h. This crystal violet removal efficiency escalated to 91 ± 2% after optimizing the culture conditions at 45°C and pH 7 using maltose as carbon source and 12% (v/v) size of inoculum. Furthermore, the optimization process reduced the incubation time to achieve almost complete decolorization by 67%. Ultraviolet–visible analysis revealed that the decolorization of crystal violet primarily occurred through biodegradation. The findings from this study validated the potential of R. pyridinivorans as an effective biocatalyst to remediate crystal violet. R. pyridinivorans will be attempted to decolorize different triphenylmethane dyes, namely, malachite green in future studies.
{"title":"Process optimization for efficacious biodecolorization of crystal violet by Malaysian Rhodococcus pyridinivorans using monothetic analysis","authors":"M. Maniyam, H. Azman, H. Abdullah, N. Yaacob","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s212","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental concern over the discharge of improperly treated textile wastewater has been on the rise. The present study explored the use of the limitedly studied, tropical Rhodococcus pyridinivorans for the decolorization of crystal violet, a typically encountered dye in the textile industry. The effect of agitation speed, temperature, pH, nutritional source, initial dye concentration, and size of inoculum on crystal violet removal were evaluated using one-factor-at-a-time method. Decolorization of 0.6 mM crystal violet carried out at agitated mode showed 73 ± 3% crystal violet removal efficiency in comparison to static mode (43 ± 2%) after 24 h. This crystal violet removal efficiency escalated to 91 ± 2% after optimizing the culture conditions at 45°C and pH 7 using maltose as carbon source and 12% (v/v) size of inoculum. Furthermore, the optimization process reduced the incubation time to achieve almost complete decolorization by 67%. Ultraviolet–visible analysis revealed that the decolorization of crystal violet primarily occurred through biodegradation. The findings from this study validated the potential of R. pyridinivorans as an effective biocatalyst to remediate crystal violet. R. pyridinivorans will be attempted to decolorize different triphenylmethane dyes, namely, malachite green in future studies.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125201964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.10s206
S. Swati, Padma Singh
Azo dyes are often known to be carcinogenic mutagenic and recalcitrant. Dyeing effluents have emerged as a significant cause of water contamination. Dyes influence all living forms, included humans, due to their xenobiotic characteristics and toxicity, as a result, hazardous dyes from colored wastewater must be treated and removed before they are released into the ecosystem. Bioremediation is an innovative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly achievement of biotechnological novelty. Thirty dye-decolorizing indigenous strains were isolated from industrial wastewater in the present investigation from the Kashipur paper industry and SIDCUL industrial area Haridwar using nutrient broth medium amended with 100 mg/l methyl red (MR). Isolation of MR decolorizing bacteria was done by the serial dilution method followed by the spread plate method. A total of 30 isolates were isolated and subjected to primary screening which was done through the tube method. Following a primary screening, 10 potent strains were retained for further evaluation of the efficacy of color removal, designated as MRD2, MRD3, MRD4, MRD15, MRD17, MRD18, MRD19, MRD20, MRD22, and MRD28, which were presumably grouped into 10 genera according to morphology and biochemical assay. The bacterial strain MRD17 outperformed other tested strains via a decolorization assay with 74.28% degradation and decolorization of MR in 72 hours, which was further, identified as Enterobacter asburiae strain JCM6051 by 16S rRNA sequencing and submitted to the NCBI GenBank with accession number MT539179. In addition, the thermodynamic stability of the strain’s 16S rRNA sequence was investigated using bioinformatics tools such as mfold and NEB cutter. These findings suggest that bacterial isolates might be useful in the development of an alternative and environmentally acceptable approach for decolorizing and degrading azo dyes from industrial waste.
{"title":"Bioremediation of hazardous azo dye methyl red by a newly isolated Enterobacter asburiae strain JCM6051 from industrial effluent of Uttarakhand regions","authors":"S. Swati, Padma Singh","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.10s206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.10s206","url":null,"abstract":"Azo dyes are often known to be carcinogenic mutagenic and recalcitrant. Dyeing effluents have emerged as a significant cause of water contamination. Dyes influence all living forms, included humans, due to their xenobiotic characteristics and toxicity, as a result, hazardous dyes from colored wastewater must be treated and removed before they are released into the ecosystem. Bioremediation is an innovative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly achievement of biotechnological novelty. Thirty dye-decolorizing indigenous strains were isolated from industrial wastewater in the present investigation from the Kashipur paper industry and SIDCUL industrial area Haridwar using nutrient broth medium amended with 100 mg/l methyl red (MR). Isolation of MR decolorizing bacteria was done by the serial dilution method followed by the spread plate method. A total of 30 isolates were isolated and subjected to primary screening which was done through the tube method. Following a primary screening, 10 potent strains were retained for further evaluation of the efficacy of color removal, designated as MRD2, MRD3, MRD4, MRD15, MRD17, MRD18, MRD19, MRD20, MRD22, and MRD28, which were presumably grouped into 10 genera according to morphology and biochemical assay. The bacterial strain MRD17 outperformed other tested strains via a decolorization assay with 74.28% degradation and decolorization of MR in 72 hours, which was further, identified as Enterobacter asburiae strain JCM6051 by 16S rRNA sequencing and submitted to the NCBI GenBank with accession number MT539179. In addition, the thermodynamic stability of the strain’s 16S rRNA sequence was investigated using bioinformatics tools such as mfold and NEB cutter. These findings suggest that bacterial isolates might be useful in the development of an alternative and environmentally acceptable approach for decolorizing and degrading azo dyes from industrial waste.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125067801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100413
S. Moussa, F. Ibrahim, Marawan A Elbaset, Samir W. Aziz, Noha A. Abdellatif, A. Attia, S. E. Toumy, J. Salib, S. Bashandy
Dysregulation of any step implicated in iron (Fe) metabolism in obesity may cause Fe overload. Excess Fe may cause toxic oxygen damage by generating oxygen-free radicals through the Fenton reaction. Furthermore, the three Fe chelating drugs deferiprone, deferoxamine, and deferasirox have many side effects which may limit their use. Therefore, this study intended to treat obesity-induced Fe overload with methanolic extract of goldenberry (GB) fruit with husk on obese rats. Overall, obese rats fed the GB extract showed lower levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than obese rats, along with an improvement in anthropometric characteristics of obese rats. In addition, GB supplementation improved all parameters of Fe status in blood plasma and the trace elements homeostasis in adipose tissues, proving that the GB has a substantial ferric reducing property. GB enhanced the increase in hepcidin concentration in blood plasma and hepcidin gene expression in adipose tissues. In conclusion, there is an ascendant assessment of the role of GB as a natural Fe chelator that inhibits oxidative stress, which plays an essential role in recovering the conformational structure of hemoglobin as a macromolecule.
{"title":"Efficacy of goldenberry extract in chelated iron overload induced by obesity: Novel safety concept for the treatment of iron overloads diseases","authors":"S. Moussa, F. Ibrahim, Marawan A Elbaset, Samir W. Aziz, Noha A. Abdellatif, A. Attia, S. E. Toumy, J. Salib, S. Bashandy","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100413","url":null,"abstract":"Dysregulation of any step implicated in iron (Fe) metabolism in obesity may cause Fe overload. Excess Fe may cause toxic oxygen damage by generating oxygen-free radicals through the Fenton reaction. Furthermore, the three Fe chelating drugs deferiprone, deferoxamine, and deferasirox have many side effects which may limit their use. Therefore, this study intended to treat obesity-induced Fe overload with methanolic extract of goldenberry (GB) fruit with husk on obese rats. Overall, obese rats fed the GB extract showed lower levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than obese rats, along with an improvement in anthropometric characteristics of obese rats. In addition, GB supplementation improved all parameters of Fe status in blood plasma and the trace elements homeostasis in adipose tissues, proving that the GB has a substantial ferric reducing property. GB enhanced the increase in hepcidin concentration in blood plasma and hepcidin gene expression in adipose tissues. In conclusion, there is an ascendant assessment of the role of GB as a natural Fe chelator that inhibits oxidative stress, which plays an essential role in recovering the conformational structure of hemoglobin as a macromolecule.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125781936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100414
V. Otie, I. Udo, S. Liang, Shao‐Zhuang Yang, Michael O. Itam, P. An, E. Eneji
Soil salinization is a major limiting factor to seed germination and seedling establishment, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, we determined whether seed treatment with 24-epibrassinolide (BR) may promote germination in saline media. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to monitor soybean seed germination with BR1 (0.5 ml) or without BR0 (0.0 ml) at eleven concentrations of NaCl salinity (0.00-15.63 dSm -1 ). Sixty-six 10 cm diameter petri dishes were filled with 80 g of sterilized soil and moistened with 10 ml of the respective saline water, while deionized water without salt served as control. Germination indices were recorded for 10 days. The salt concentration range of 10.94-15.63 dSm -1 significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced the final germination rate, germination average time, velocity of germination, germination rate, germination percentage and daily germination. These reductions were reasonably ( P ≤ 0.05) reversed with BR application. The seeds tolerated salt stress up to 9.38 dSm −1 at BR0, but the germination potential was clearly enhanced by seed treatment with BR, especially in moderately saline culture.
{"title":"Seed treatment with 24-epibrassinolide enhances soybean seed germination under salinity stress","authors":"V. Otie, I. Udo, S. Liang, Shao‐Zhuang Yang, Michael O. Itam, P. An, E. Eneji","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100414","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinization is a major limiting factor to seed germination and seedling establishment, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, we determined whether seed treatment with 24-epibrassinolide (BR) may promote germination in saline media. A growth chamber experiment was conducted to monitor soybean seed germination with BR1 (0.5 ml) or without BR0 (0.0 ml) at eleven concentrations of NaCl salinity (0.00-15.63 dSm -1 ). Sixty-six 10 cm diameter petri dishes were filled with 80 g of sterilized soil and moistened with 10 ml of the respective saline water, while deionized water without salt served as control. Germination indices were recorded for 10 days. The salt concentration range of 10.94-15.63 dSm -1 significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced the final germination rate, germination average time, velocity of germination, germination rate, germination percentage and daily germination. These reductions were reasonably ( P ≤ 0.05) reversed with BR application. The seeds tolerated salt stress up to 9.38 dSm −1 at BR0, but the germination potential was clearly enhanced by seed treatment with BR, especially in moderately saline culture.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115050428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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