Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100310
Arunkumar Dhailappan, A. Arumugam, Gugaprakash Rajendran, Mukesh Ravichandran
Hydrocarbon soil contaminants are the major concern globally that causes an adverse impact on human health and reduces the functionality of ecosystem. Mycoremediation certainly has an edge over other bioremediation process in combating the targets most efficiently. This study attempts to investigate the potentials of an edible mushroom dualistically remediating the hydrocarbon-contaminated (HC) soil as well analyzing its impact on edibility. Many studies have been done over the past few decades, no attempts were made to analyze the presence or absence of toxicity sorption in edible organisms after remediation. HC soils from eight different petrol filling stations (Site A to H) of Coimbatore district were collected and analyzed for its physical and chemical properties. Based on physicochemical parameters, Site D1 that showed maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content (12,200 mg/ kg) was chosen for this study. Five experimental sets were prepared by mixing the lignocellulose substance with HC soil at different ratio (Set I–Set V). Among the experimental sets, P. ostreatus showed maximum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency and well-defined fruiting body formation, high biological efficiency (140%), moisture (90%), and crude protein (32%) in Set III trials. Kinetic studies on TPH degradation fitted to the first-order kinetic model revealed a higher degradation rate constant, k (0.097 day-1) and lower biodegradation half-life t1/2 (7 days). Fourier transform infrared spectrum of P. ostreatus after remediation showed the complete absence of peak that corresponds to petroleum hydrocarbon, thereby preliminarily confirms the possibility of safe consumption.
{"title":"A dualistic approach to investigate the remedial potential and edible property of Pleurotus ostreatus on hydrocarbon-contaminated soil","authors":"Arunkumar Dhailappan, A. Arumugam, Gugaprakash Rajendran, Mukesh Ravichandran","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100310","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrocarbon soil contaminants are the major concern globally that causes an adverse impact on human health and reduces the functionality of ecosystem. Mycoremediation certainly has an edge over other bioremediation process in combating the targets most efficiently. This study attempts to investigate the potentials of an edible mushroom dualistically remediating the hydrocarbon-contaminated (HC) soil as well analyzing its impact on edibility. Many studies have been done over the past few decades, no attempts were made to analyze the presence or absence of toxicity sorption in edible organisms after remediation. HC soils from eight different petrol filling stations (Site A to H) of Coimbatore district were collected and analyzed for its physical and chemical properties. Based on physicochemical parameters, Site D1 that showed maximum total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) content (12,200 mg/ kg) was chosen for this study. Five experimental sets were prepared by mixing the lignocellulose substance with HC soil at different ratio (Set I–Set V). Among the experimental sets, P. ostreatus showed maximum hydrocarbon degradation efficiency and well-defined fruiting body formation, high biological efficiency (140%), moisture (90%), and crude protein (32%) in Set III trials. Kinetic studies on TPH degradation fitted to the first-order kinetic model revealed a higher degradation rate constant, k (0.097 day-1) and lower biodegradation half-life t1/2 (7 days). Fourier transform infrared spectrum of P. ostreatus after remediation showed the complete absence of peak that corresponds to petroleum hydrocarbon, thereby preliminarily confirms the possibility of safe consumption.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114403033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100302
Nguyen Hoang Tue, Tran Gia Cat Tuong, P. Trang, Nguyen-Duc Chung, hung Thi Bich Hoa, Nguyen Quang Duc Tien, N. Loc
The objective of the present study was to construct plant expression vectors containing chitinase genes and root-specific promoters for resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Chitinase genes with a signal peptide sequence, such as Chi42 , syncodChi42-1 , and syncodChi42-2 , were used in this work. Chi42 is a wild-type gene of Trichoderma asperellum SH16, and both syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 genes are derived from Chi42, which have been optimized for the use of codon for plant expression. Methods of molecular cloning were applied in this study. The plant expression vectors pNHL20 containing chitinase genes, pNHL20.1 for Chi42 , pNHL20.2 for syncodChi42-1 , and pNHL20.3 for syncodChi42-2 , were successfully constructed and transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404. Bacteria A. tumefaciens harboring the chitinase genes are ready for genetic transformation to peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) for subsequent applications.
{"title":"Cloning the root-specific Asy promoter and genes encoding chitinase 42 kDa of Trichoderma asperellum into the plant expression vector","authors":"Nguyen Hoang Tue, Tran Gia Cat Tuong, P. Trang, Nguyen-Duc Chung, hung Thi Bich Hoa, Nguyen Quang Duc Tien, N. Loc","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100302","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to construct plant expression vectors containing chitinase genes and root-specific promoters for resistance to phytopathogenic fungi. Chitinase genes with a signal peptide sequence, such as Chi42 , syncodChi42-1 , and syncodChi42-2 , were used in this work. Chi42 is a wild-type gene of Trichoderma asperellum SH16, and both syncodChi42-1 and syncodChi42-2 genes are derived from Chi42, which have been optimized for the use of codon for plant expression. Methods of molecular cloning were applied in this study. The plant expression vectors pNHL20 containing chitinase genes, pNHL20.1 for Chi42 , pNHL20.2 for syncodChi42-1 , and pNHL20.3 for syncodChi42-2 , were successfully constructed and transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA 4404. Bacteria A. tumefaciens harboring the chitinase genes are ready for genetic transformation to peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) for subsequent applications.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120968360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100322
Fatema Saabir, Ayesha Hussain, Mansura S. Mulani, Snehal Kulkarni, S. Tambe
Multidrug resistance has become a threat to global public health as a result of resistance of microbes toward several drugs leading to prolonged period of illness, disability, incapacity, and death. Such multidrug resistance is seen principally in organisms involved in nosocomial infections also called as hospital-acquired infections. Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE pathogens) are one of the major causes of nosocomial infections. Organisms acquire resistance to various antibiotics because of repetitive use and unprescribed medication. There are different mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance, viz. inactivation by enzymes or alteration of drug, modification of drug binding site, reduction in intracellular drug accumulation, formation of biofilm, and preventing drug access to target (efflux pump). Among these the most common mechanism adopted by the organism is efflux pump and is profoundly seen in P. aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , and Candida albicans. An efflux pump is the channel that actively exports antimicrobials and other compounds out of the cell. Molecules involved in the inhibition of efflux mechanisms are known as efflux pump inhibitors. In this review, we mainly focus on the efflux pump as the major cause of escape of pathogens (mainly ESKAPE pathogens) from the action of antibiotics and strategies that can be used to overcome the resistance caused by these pumps.
{"title":"Efflux pump and its inhibitors: Cause and cure for multidrug resistance","authors":"Fatema Saabir, Ayesha Hussain, Mansura S. Mulani, Snehal Kulkarni, S. Tambe","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100322","url":null,"abstract":"Multidrug resistance has become a threat to global public health as a result of resistance of microbes toward several drugs leading to prolonged period of illness, disability, incapacity, and death. Such multidrug resistance is seen principally in organisms involved in nosocomial infections also called as hospital-acquired infections. Enterococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE pathogens) are one of the major causes of nosocomial infections. Organisms acquire resistance to various antibiotics because of repetitive use and unprescribed medication. There are different mechanisms responsible for multidrug resistance, viz. inactivation by enzymes or alteration of drug, modification of drug binding site, reduction in intracellular drug accumulation, formation of biofilm, and preventing drug access to target (efflux pump). Among these the most common mechanism adopted by the organism is efflux pump and is profoundly seen in P. aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , and Candida albicans. An efflux pump is the channel that actively exports antimicrobials and other compounds out of the cell. Molecules involved in the inhibition of efflux mechanisms are known as efflux pump inhibitors. In this review, we mainly focus on the efflux pump as the major cause of escape of pathogens (mainly ESKAPE pathogens) from the action of antibiotics and strategies that can be used to overcome the resistance caused by these pumps.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133582727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100320
Tewodros W. Ayalew, Tarekegn Yoseph
Climate change is significantly affecting food security and environmental health. The effect is more severe for countries with low adaptive capacity in the developing world. Legumes are among the possible solution for agriculture’s sustainability during the climate change times as they minimize mineral fertilizers use because of symbiotic nitrogen (N) nutrition. Cowpea is a multipurpose legume crop, with combined agronomic, environmental, nutritional, and economic advantages. Cowpea provides dietary protein and serves as a sources of income for millions of rural poor in the developing countries. Cowpea also enhances soil fertility as it contributes huge amount of N through N 2 fixation. Nevertheless, cowpeas productivity remained low in Ethiopia, and there are less awareness regarding the multifold roles the crop can play, its response to climate change and bio-inoculants. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the agro-symbiotic performance, utilization, and climate change response capacity of the crop to exploit its potential toward sustainability. The review result revealed that cowpea performs better than most of the legumes grown in the tropics, achieving acceptable yield performance with limited rainfall of up to 450 mm per annual, and heat stress. Moreover, elevated CO 2 reported to enhance N 2 fixation in cowpea, leading to photosynthesis and seed yield improvement. On the other hand, high temperature and elevated ultraviolet radiation reduced the performance of cowpea crop as these factors inhibits symbiosis. In Ethiopia, mature seed of cowpea, immature pods, and leaves used for food in lowland areas of the country and about 66.5% of Ethiopia’s arable land suits for cowpea production. However, the average yield is limited to 400 kg ha -1 , with annual production and land coverage of 55,600 tons and 69,500 ha, respectively. Overall, this review confirmed the excellent nature of cowpea in terms of climate change response and the diversity of services the crop can offer. From the review, an understanding is captured that Ethiopia has the potentials for raising cowpea productivity having suitable land and agro-ecology. Therefore, introduction of improved varieties, and agronomic practices including bio-inoculants, should be a point of focus to raise cowpea yield, and benefit from the manifold roles the crop can play.
{"title":"Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.): A choice crop for sustainability during the climate change periods","authors":"Tewodros W. Ayalew, Tarekegn Yoseph","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100320","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is significantly affecting food security and environmental health. The effect is more severe for countries with low adaptive capacity in the developing world. Legumes are among the possible solution for agriculture’s sustainability during the climate change times as they minimize mineral fertilizers use because of symbiotic nitrogen (N) nutrition. Cowpea is a multipurpose legume crop, with combined agronomic, environmental, nutritional, and economic advantages. Cowpea provides dietary protein and serves as a sources of income for millions of rural poor in the developing countries. Cowpea also enhances soil fertility as it contributes huge amount of N through N 2 fixation. Nevertheless, cowpeas productivity remained low in Ethiopia, and there are less awareness regarding the multifold roles the crop can play, its response to climate change and bio-inoculants. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the agro-symbiotic performance, utilization, and climate change response capacity of the crop to exploit its potential toward sustainability. The review result revealed that cowpea performs better than most of the legumes grown in the tropics, achieving acceptable yield performance with limited rainfall of up to 450 mm per annual, and heat stress. Moreover, elevated CO 2 reported to enhance N 2 fixation in cowpea, leading to photosynthesis and seed yield improvement. On the other hand, high temperature and elevated ultraviolet radiation reduced the performance of cowpea crop as these factors inhibits symbiosis. In Ethiopia, mature seed of cowpea, immature pods, and leaves used for food in lowland areas of the country and about 66.5% of Ethiopia’s arable land suits for cowpea production. However, the average yield is limited to 400 kg ha -1 , with annual production and land coverage of 55,600 tons and 69,500 ha, respectively. Overall, this review confirmed the excellent nature of cowpea in terms of climate change response and the diversity of services the crop can offer. From the review, an understanding is captured that Ethiopia has the potentials for raising cowpea productivity having suitable land and agro-ecology. Therefore, introduction of improved varieties, and agronomic practices including bio-inoculants, should be a point of focus to raise cowpea yield, and benefit from the manifold roles the crop can play.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122801109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corrosion of metals potentially reduces the shelf life of the infrastructure assets. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the corrosion to save considerable amount in structure. The organic corrosion inhibitors show the environmental toxicity which urged search for eco-friendly green corrosion inhibitors. Exopolysaccharide from Aureobasidium pullulans was studied with regard to its potential application as green inhibitor of corrosion. Isolation of A. pullulans was carried out from spinach. Biochemical and molecular characterizations of A. pullulans spi 10 were carried out. Pullulan production was maximum on fifth day of incubation. Pullulan precipitation was carried out by using isopropyl alcohol. The study of the corrosive stability of steel samples was conducted by the gravimetric method. The rate of corrosion, the degree of protection, and coefficient of protection were studied. With pullulan coating, the rate of corrosion was 0.348 × 10 −3 g/cm 2 .hour, which is approximately five times less than that of corrosion rate of steel plate without any protection (control). The degree of protection shown by biofilm ( A. pullulans) is 24%, whereas the degree of protection governed by pullulan is 77%. The results reveal that biofilm of A. pullulans spi 10 and pullulan are both reliable and environment friendly green inhibitors that mitigate corrosion.
{"title":"Studies on exopolysaccharide production from Aureobasidium pullulans spi 10 and its application as a green inhibitor for corrosion mitigation","authors":"Kajal Mahadev Gaikwad, Geetanjali Eknath Pansare, Monika Prashant Madane, Y. Mulay","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100306","url":null,"abstract":"The corrosion of metals potentially reduces the shelf life of the infrastructure assets. Hence, it is necessary to reduce the corrosion to save considerable amount in structure. The organic corrosion inhibitors show the environmental toxicity which urged search for eco-friendly green corrosion inhibitors. Exopolysaccharide from Aureobasidium pullulans was studied with regard to its potential application as green inhibitor of corrosion. Isolation of A. pullulans was carried out from spinach. Biochemical and molecular characterizations of A. pullulans spi 10 were carried out. Pullulan production was maximum on fifth day of incubation. Pullulan precipitation was carried out by using isopropyl alcohol. The study of the corrosive stability of steel samples was conducted by the gravimetric method. The rate of corrosion, the degree of protection, and coefficient of protection were studied. With pullulan coating, the rate of corrosion was 0.348 × 10 −3 g/cm 2 .hour, which is approximately five times less than that of corrosion rate of steel plate without any protection (control). The degree of protection shown by biofilm ( A. pullulans) is 24%, whereas the degree of protection governed by pullulan is 77%. The results reveal that biofilm of A. pullulans spi 10 and pullulan are both reliable and environment friendly green inhibitors that mitigate corrosion.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130014583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100309
Raja Lakshman Raj
Ethnic groups in India have long utilized Drynaria quercifolia to treat osteoarthritic disorders. Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis, affecting millions of individuals around the world. Recently, herbs play an important role in modern medicine and are a huge pool for potentially active pharmaceutical drugs all over the globe, and therefore, the hunt for a safe substitute therapy from plant resources has attracted attention. Using computational approaches, we intend to assess the pharmacodynamic and bioactivity properties of molecules from D. quercifolia . According to the docking score, 9-octadecanoic acid and ketostearic acid are the most promising compounds with all eight osteoarthritic targets. According to the Lipinski’s rule of thumb, the bioactivity prediction of above compounds from D. quercifolia showed a good drug likeliness score. The estimated docking score of target and compounds reveals the binding pose and crucial amino acid residues involved in inhibition of osteoarthritic activity. The results presented here will help the biochemists to further test these multi-targeting compounds and develop it as anti-osteoarthritic inhibitors. however, the molecular mechanism of action of these small molecules with a protein has yet to be discovered. The use of an in silico approach that includes molecular docking and pharmacokinetic (ADMET) studies that include “drug-likeness” of the compounds using Lipinski’s rule of five can help to define their binding affinity and stabilizing interactions at the molecular level, potentially improving our understanding of drug action against specific disorders. Using computational approaches, we intend to assess the pharmacodynamic and bioactivity properties of molecules from D. quercifolia . We also want to figure out which compounds in D. quercifolia bind to the osteoarthritis targets. Molinspiration tools are used to evaluate the bioactivity of the reported D. quercifolia compounds. The major goal of the study is to investigate the anti-osteoarthritic activity of the selected compounds with important targets of osteoarthritis using the molgro software. According to the Lipinski’s rule of thumb, the bioactivity predictions of compounds from D. quercifolia were computed to assess the drug likeness score.
{"title":"Bioactivity prediction and molecular docking of phytocompounds from Drynaria quercifolia against osteoarthritis receptors","authors":"Raja Lakshman Raj","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100309","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnic groups in India have long utilized Drynaria quercifolia to treat osteoarthritic disorders. Osteoarthritis is the most prevalent type of arthritis, affecting millions of individuals around the world. Recently, herbs play an important role in modern medicine and are a huge pool for potentially active pharmaceutical drugs all over the globe, and therefore, the hunt for a safe substitute therapy from plant resources has attracted attention. Using computational approaches, we intend to assess the pharmacodynamic and bioactivity properties of molecules from D. quercifolia . According to the docking score, 9-octadecanoic acid and ketostearic acid are the most promising compounds with all eight osteoarthritic targets. According to the Lipinski’s rule of thumb, the bioactivity prediction of above compounds from D. quercifolia showed a good drug likeliness score. The estimated docking score of target and compounds reveals the binding pose and crucial amino acid residues involved in inhibition of osteoarthritic activity. The results presented here will help the biochemists to further test these multi-targeting compounds and develop it as anti-osteoarthritic inhibitors. however, the molecular mechanism of action of these small molecules with a protein has yet to be discovered. The use of an in silico approach that includes molecular docking and pharmacokinetic (ADMET) studies that include “drug-likeness” of the compounds using Lipinski’s rule of five can help to define their binding affinity and stabilizing interactions at the molecular level, potentially improving our understanding of drug action against specific disorders. Using computational approaches, we intend to assess the pharmacodynamic and bioactivity properties of molecules from D. quercifolia . We also want to figure out which compounds in D. quercifolia bind to the osteoarthritis targets. Molinspiration tools are used to evaluate the bioactivity of the reported D. quercifolia compounds. The major goal of the study is to investigate the anti-osteoarthritic activity of the selected compounds with important targets of osteoarthritis using the molgro software. According to the Lipinski’s rule of thumb, the bioactivity predictions of compounds from D. quercifolia were computed to assess the drug likeness score.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133627044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100304
Shrisha Naik Bajpe, K. M. Marulasiddaswamy, R. Ramu, Abhijeeth S. Badige, Maruthi Katenahally Rudrappa,, R. Kini
Member of Embelia is economically important medicinal plants. Embelia ribes is red listed endangered species. DNA barcodes Interspersed Transcribed Spacer (ITS), matK , rbcL, and psbA-trnH were selected for its species discrimination ability using TaxonDNA software and tree-based maximum likelihood monophyly analysis. The results showed that the species identification success rate of psbA-trnL and ITS+ psbA-trnL combination has high success rate “best match” and “best close match” functions on TaxonDNA. Among the barcodes employed, plastid psbA-trnL showed the highest success rate followed by ITS and rbcL while matK had the weak discriminating ability. In the concatenated sequences, the high discriminating rate was seen in ITS+ psbA , ITS+ matK + rbcL , and ITS+ matK + rbcL + psbA . In the tree-based analysis, disjunct distribution of the E. ribes species was observed in the ITS phylogeny. It is necessary to know the discriminatory ability of single or combinations of barcodes to detect variation at the inter and intraspecies levels.
{"title":"Assessing DNA barcodes species discriminating ability and phylogenetic relation within Embelia species","authors":"Shrisha Naik Bajpe, K. M. Marulasiddaswamy, R. Ramu, Abhijeeth S. Badige, Maruthi Katenahally Rudrappa,, R. Kini","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100304","url":null,"abstract":"Member of Embelia is economically important medicinal plants. Embelia ribes is red listed endangered species. DNA barcodes Interspersed Transcribed Spacer (ITS), matK , rbcL, and psbA-trnH were selected for its species discrimination ability using TaxonDNA software and tree-based maximum likelihood monophyly analysis. The results showed that the species identification success rate of psbA-trnL and ITS+ psbA-trnL combination has high success rate “best match” and “best close match” functions on TaxonDNA. Among the barcodes employed, plastid psbA-trnL showed the highest success rate followed by ITS and rbcL while matK had the weak discriminating ability. In the concatenated sequences, the high discriminating rate was seen in ITS+ psbA , ITS+ matK + rbcL , and ITS+ matK + rbcL + psbA . In the tree-based analysis, disjunct distribution of the E. ribes species was observed in the ITS phylogeny. It is necessary to know the discriminatory ability of single or combinations of barcodes to detect variation at the inter and intraspecies levels.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132506976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100315
V. Deshmukh, Sangeeta Ballav, Soumya Basu, Sanjay Mishra, J. Deshpande, Minal Wani
Solasodine is a steroid glycoalkaloid (aglycone) found in the genus Solanum (family Solanaceae). Solanum is widely used as a traditional medicinal herb, and solasodine is documented for various pharmacological properties like antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of solasodine extracts of in vitro cultured four Solanum species, namely, S. surattense , S. villosum , S. nigrum , and S. incanum has been assessed on two cancer lines, including Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), Osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63), and also on normal (Normal fibroblast L-929) cell lines in vitro . Results revealed significant cytotoxic effect on both HT-29 and MG-63 cancer cell lines, whereas very less cytotoxicity for the normal cells which indicate the major targeting of extracted solasodine on cancer cells only. Moreover, S. surattense extract found to have greater cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells and S. nigrum extract on MG-63 cells. The results exhibited an active anti-proliferative role of solasodine extracts on colon and bone cancer cell lines which suggests the usage of these extracts as novel targeted therapy in colon and bone cancers.
{"title":"Anti-proliferative activities of solasodine extracts from different Solanum spp. cell cultures on colon and bone carcinoma cell lines","authors":"V. Deshmukh, Sangeeta Ballav, Soumya Basu, Sanjay Mishra, J. Deshpande, Minal Wani","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100315","url":null,"abstract":"Solasodine is a steroid glycoalkaloid (aglycone) found in the genus Solanum (family Solanaceae). Solanum is widely used as a traditional medicinal herb, and solasodine is documented for various pharmacological properties like antioxidant, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer activities. In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of solasodine extracts of in vitro cultured four Solanum species, namely, S. surattense , S. villosum , S. nigrum , and S. incanum has been assessed on two cancer lines, including Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29), Osteosarcoma cell line (MG-63), and also on normal (Normal fibroblast L-929) cell lines in vitro . Results revealed significant cytotoxic effect on both HT-29 and MG-63 cancer cell lines, whereas very less cytotoxicity for the normal cells which indicate the major targeting of extracted solasodine on cancer cells only. Moreover, S. surattense extract found to have greater cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells and S. nigrum extract on MG-63 cells. The results exhibited an active anti-proliferative role of solasodine extracts on colon and bone cancer cell lines which suggests the usage of these extracts as novel targeted therapy in colon and bone cancers.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"2 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113957523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100324
S. Dwivedi, I. Ahmad
Use of nanomaterials (NMs) is a promising feature in skin care products. Nanotechnology offers several advantages such as tolerance, stability, efficacy, and improved delivery systems which make NMs suitable drug carriers for the skin. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes that have various bioactive compounds used as natural ingredients in cosmetics as well as cosmeceuticals, and can help in the maintenance of skin structure and function. Cyanobacterial metabolites such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, and lipids possess various beneficial bioactivities. In this review, we attempt to present new perspectives on cyanobacterial-based formulations with beneficial activity for the skin. New formulations present on the market are reported and also discussed the rules, regulations, toxicity, and safety assessments to determine the fate of nanotechnology and its commercialization. We estimate the global nanotechnology market for skin care and future growth. This review is focused on different cyanobacterial nanoformulations and the challenges in their development and commercialization.
{"title":"A review of the emerging role of cyanobacteria-based nanoformulations for skin care: Opportunities and challenges","authors":"S. Dwivedi, I. Ahmad","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100324","url":null,"abstract":"Use of nanomaterials (NMs) is a promising feature in skin care products. Nanotechnology offers several advantages such as tolerance, stability, efficacy, and improved delivery systems which make NMs suitable drug carriers for the skin. Cyanobacteria are prokaryotes that have various bioactive compounds used as natural ingredients in cosmetics as well as cosmeceuticals, and can help in the maintenance of skin structure and function. Cyanobacterial metabolites such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, and lipids possess various beneficial bioactivities. In this review, we attempt to present new perspectives on cyanobacterial-based formulations with beneficial activity for the skin. New formulations present on the market are reported and also discussed the rules, regulations, toxicity, and safety assessments to determine the fate of nanotechnology and its commercialization. We estimate the global nanotechnology market for skin care and future growth. This review is focused on different cyanobacterial nanoformulations and the challenges in their development and commercialization.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"43 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124408626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100318
H. Mahfouze, S. Mahfouze, M. E. Ottai
The Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are among the most common viral diseases that negatively affect the tomato crop. The use of tomato genotypes containing virus resistance genes is considered the best method for virus control. In this study, attempts were made to identify the Sw- 5 and Sw-5b as well as Tm-1 and Tm-2 and its allele Tm-2 2 loci known to influence resistance to the TSWV and ToMV, respectively, in 19 tomato genotypes using molecular markers. In this work, 18 tomato genotypes were found to be resistant to the TSWV. These lines have dominant alleles with homozygous or heterozygous Sw5 or Sw5b or both. Also, seven lines were resistant to the ToMV, which have dominant or recessive alleles for Tm-1 or Tm-2 or Tm-2 2 or tm-2 2 , separately or mixed. In general, phenotypic results were highly matched with genotypic data, but gene-based markers displayed clearer results than biological tests; e.g., the presence of dominant and recessive alleles of the resistance gene can be identified readily in tomato genotypes. Therefore, the originality of this work is the discovery of donor parents for developing tomato genotypes resistant to both the TSWV and ToMV in tomato breeding programs or the genetic improvement of Solanum lycopersicum L. lines with pyramided genes for pathogen resistance by marker-assisted selection.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of markers linked to Tomato spotted wilt virus and Tomato mosaic virus resistance loci in tomato","authors":"H. Mahfouze, S. Mahfouze, M. E. Ottai","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100318","url":null,"abstract":"The Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are among the most common viral diseases that negatively affect the tomato crop. The use of tomato genotypes containing virus resistance genes is considered the best method for virus control. In this study, attempts were made to identify the Sw- 5 and Sw-5b as well as Tm-1 and Tm-2 and its allele Tm-2 2 loci known to influence resistance to the TSWV and ToMV, respectively, in 19 tomato genotypes using molecular markers. In this work, 18 tomato genotypes were found to be resistant to the TSWV. These lines have dominant alleles with homozygous or heterozygous Sw5 or Sw5b or both. Also, seven lines were resistant to the ToMV, which have dominant or recessive alleles for Tm-1 or Tm-2 or Tm-2 2 or tm-2 2 , separately or mixed. In general, phenotypic results were highly matched with genotypic data, but gene-based markers displayed clearer results than biological tests; e.g., the presence of dominant and recessive alleles of the resistance gene can be identified readily in tomato genotypes. Therefore, the originality of this work is the discovery of donor parents for developing tomato genotypes resistant to both the TSWV and ToMV in tomato breeding programs or the genetic improvement of Solanum lycopersicum L. lines with pyramided genes for pathogen resistance by marker-assisted selection.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134387057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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