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Use of yeasts in aquaculture nutrition and immunostimulation: A review 酵母在水产养殖营养和免疫刺激中的应用综述
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100507
M. A. Mahdy, M. Jamal, Mamdouh Al-Harb, B. Al-Mur, M. Haque
With the technological advancement, application of yeasts in aquaculture becomes very popular, especially as an alternative source of proteins in addition to other proteins commonly used in the fish feed industry. Recently, yeast becomes a sustainable novel ingredient of aquafeed for its promising role in nutrition and immunostimulation of many fish species in aquaculture. Thus, yeast supplements and yeast-containing feed ingredients lead to the higher protection against diseases and to the better productivity of fishes resulting in the greater growth of the aquaculture industry. Moreover, rotifers, Artemia , and copepods can be produced well as live aquafeed by application of yeasts in aquaculture. Some yeasts used in probiotic products often improve immunity of fishes as well as attempt to enhance the water quality of aquaculture resulting in good production outcomes. Thus, yeast has been appeared as a novel and vital component of aquatic animal’s feed in modern aquaculture. In this review, different aspects of usage of yeasts in aquaculture nutrition and immunostimulation have been discussed.
随着技术的进步,酵母在水产养殖中的应用变得非常普遍,特别是作为鱼饲料工业中常用的其他蛋白质的替代蛋白质来源。近年来,酵母因其对水产养殖中多种鱼类的营养和免疫刺激作用而成为一种可持续发展的新型水产饲料成分。因此,酵母补充剂和含酵母饲料成分可以提高对疾病的保护,提高鱼类的生产力,从而促进水产养殖业的更大增长。此外,酵母在水产养殖中的应用可以很好地生产轮虫、蒿和桡足类动物作为活饲料。益生菌产品中使用的一些酵母往往可以提高鱼类的免疫力,并试图改善水产养殖的水质,从而取得良好的生产效果。因此,在现代水产养殖中,酵母作为水生动物饲料的一种新的重要成分而出现。本文就酵母在水产养殖营养和免疫刺激方面的应用作一综述。
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引用次数: 6
Dietary product based on sea urchin caviar and Sardinops melanostictus fat 以海胆鱼子酱和沙丁鱼脂肪为基础的膳食产品
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100512
Mouhamad Alrajab, Lidiya V. Shulgina
Various biologically active substances are present in the caviar (roe) of sea urchins, which cause a positive effect on the human body and are used as part of dietary supplements for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. Caviar food products are represented by a small assortment. This paper presents the findings of research on the development of caviar products with pronounced dietary properties based on sea urchin caviar and Sardinops melanostictus fat. Sardine oil is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. The developed caviar products contain phospholipids in the amount of 7.5–9.2 g/100 g and polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 family in the amount of 6.53–10.05 g/100 g. During 6 months of storage at a temperature from –2°C to –6°C, the quality and safety indicators of products did not change. Caviar products have been recommended for therapeutic and preventive dietary nutrition for cardiovascular diseases.
海胆鱼子酱(鱼子)中含有多种生物活性物质,对人体有积极作用,并被用作预防和治疗许多疾病的膳食补充剂的一部分。鱼子酱食品的种类很少。本文介绍了以海胆鱼子酱和沙丁鱼脂肪为原料,开发具有显著膳食特性的鱼子酱产品的研究结果。沙丁鱼油是omega-3脂肪酸的丰富来源。研制的鱼子酱产品中磷脂含量为7.5 ~ 9.2 g/100 g, omega-3家族多不饱和脂肪酸含量为6.53 ~ 10.05 g/100 g。在-2°C至-6°C的温度下储存6个月,产品的质量安全指标没有变化。鱼子酱产品已被推荐用于治疗和预防心血管疾病的膳食营养。
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引用次数: 0
Accumulation of cadmium in maize roots inoculated with root organ culture of Rhizophagus irregularis improving cadmium tolerance through activation of antioxidative defense enzymes 接种不规则根噬菌根器官培养的玉米根系镉积累通过激活抗氧化酶提高镉耐受性
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100510
Rajamony VinuRadha, K. Kumutha, Asish Kanagaraj Binodh
Monoxenic culture of arbuscular mycorrhiza, Rhizophagus irregularis in root organ cultures, was formulated in a dextrin-based carrier. R. irregularis was coated in maize seeds (African tall composite) at the rate of 50 g kg -1 . R. irregularis was evaluated for heavy metal tolerance at 25, 50, and 75 ppm cadmium (Cd) in a pot culture experiment. The mean root colonization potential at 25 ppm Cd inoculated with R. irregularis was 48%, which had the highest probability to reach its maximum during 30 DAS. In the present study, Cd was accumulated to a tune of 22.2–38.3% in mycorrhizal roots, which was more than non-mycorrhizal roots. Cd addition at 25 and 50 ppm levels decreases its translocation to shoots to 28% in R. irregularis inoculated plants when compared to uninoculated treatments. The highest tolerance indices were observed in T 6 and T 7 with 100.59 and 98.34, respectively, showing its increased ability of cadmium to bear heavy metal up to a level of 50 ppm. R. irregularis inoculated maize adapted well at 25 ppm Cd and confirmed its significant role in reducing Cd accumulation toward the shoot system.
以糊精为载体,对根器官培养中的不规则根噬菌(Rhizophagus irregularis)进行了单氧培养。在玉米种子(非洲高复合材料)上包衣50 g kg -1。在盆栽试验中,研究了小檗在25、50和75 ppm镉浓度下的重金属耐受性。在25 ppm Cd条件下,鸢尾根的平均定殖势为48%,在30 DAS时达到最大值的概率最高。在本研究中,菌根中Cd的累积量为22.2-38.3%,高于非菌根。与未接种的处理相比,添加25和50 ppm水平的Cd可使接种的不规则白芷植株的移栽量减少28%。t6和t7的耐镉指数最高,分别为100.59和98.34,表明其对镉的耐重金属能力提高到50 ppm。接种25 ppm Cd后,玉米对Cd的适应性较好,并证实了其在减少Cd向茎部系统积累方面的显著作用。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment of health risk associated with Ethion dissipation in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) 秋葵(Abelmoschus esculentus L.)体内乙硫磷消散的健康风险评估
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100515
Venkateswara Rao, B. S. Reddy, K. Subrahmanya, Tamanna Parida, Srinivas Namuduri
Dissipation behavior and human hazard index (HI) of ethion on okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) fruits were studied in Koonavaram village, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethion was applied on okra crop with knapsack sprayer during the fruiting stage, and fruit samples were collected on 0, 2 nd , 4 th , 6 th , and 8 th days from the time of application. Ethion was detected with the help of GC-MS/MS using dried and grinded fruit samples. From the study, average ethion residues detected in the vegetable samples were in descending order of 8.02, 1.14, 0.14, 0.08, and 0.02 mg/kg, which were collected from the above-mentioned days. The correlation coefficient of ethion residue concerning time was recorded as significant. Ethion dissipation percent was 85.74, 98.25, 99.04, and 99.71 in samples with respect to the days of 2, 4, 6, and 8, respectively, which was compared with the residue of samples collected immediately 2 h after applying ethion. During the study of half-life, on ethion was 0.95 days. Pre-harvested interval of 2 days gap is required after the application of ethion. The human HI of ethion was 10.020, 1.429, 0.175, 0.096, and 0.029 for samples collected from the respective days, where the intake amount for an average Indian adult of 60 kg is 150 g.
在印度安得拉邦东戈达瓦里村的Koonavaram村,研究了硫对秋葵果实的耗散行为和人体危害指数(HI)。在秋葵结实期用背负式喷雾器喷施乙硫磷,于喷施后第0、2、4、6、8天采集果实样品。采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS/MS)对干燥和磨碎的水果样品进行检测。从研究结果来看,上述天数蔬菜样品中检测到的平均乙硫离子残留量依次为8.02、1.14、0.14、0.08和0.02 mg/kg。结果表明,硫醚残留量与时间的相关系数显著。2、4、6、8天的乙硫磷耗散率分别为85.74、98.25、99.04、99.71,与施乙硫磷后立即采集的样品残留量进行比较。半衰期为0.95天。施用有机磷后,预采收间隔2天。在印度60公斤成年人的平均摄入量为150克的情况下,在不同的日子采集的样本中,人乙硫磷的HI分别为10.020、1.429、0.175、0.096和0.029。
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引用次数: 0
Health-related risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A systematic review 慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者感染SARS-CoV-2的健康相关风险:一项系统综述
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100506
Meenakshi S, R. N, Vishal B. Rawal, R. Ramu
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most commonly identified co-morbidities with high morbidity and mortality risk in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) infection. The objective of the current study is to review the primary risk factors involved in the development of COVID-19 infections in COPD patients along with an insight on the effect of COPD medications in the development of this disease. The systematic search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, LitCovid, COVID-evidence, clinical trials, and Science Direct. ICU intervention and the use of invasive ventilators on the worsening of symptoms were the main inclusion parameters for the current review. Key findings indicate that the occurrence of COVID-2019 in COPD patients was low due to less availability of data. However, the risk of severity (66%) and mortality (58.62%) was high, suggesting that COPD patients with confirmed COVID-19 were at higher risk of disease. In regards to COVID-19, Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), one of the identified target receptors of the COVID-19 responsible for the infection, was observed to increase in COPD patients. COPD is thus a risk factor for developing extreme and critical forms of COVID-19 compared with the other groups, which further leads to requiring admission to an ICU and the use of invasive ventilators on the worsening of symptoms with high mortality rates. This systematic review, which together with ACE-2, will explain the severity and rate of mortality along with the risk factors of COVID-19 in COPD patients, the use of nebulizers with mesh to prevent transmission, and adherence to medication in the world’s current pandemic situation. © 2022 Meenakshi, et al.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是冠状病毒病-19 (COVID-19)感染患者中最常见的合并症之一,具有高发病率和死亡率风险。本研究的目的是回顾COPD患者发生COVID-19感染的主要危险因素,并深入了解COPD药物在该疾病发展中的作用。系统检索PubMed、LitCovid、COVID-evidence、临床试验和Science Direct等电子数据库。ICU干预和有创呼吸机对症状恶化的应用是本综述的主要纳入参数。主要发现表明,由于数据可用性较低,COVID-2019在COPD患者中的发病率较低。然而,严重程度(66%)和死亡率(58.62%)的风险较高,表明确诊COVID-19的COPD患者患病风险较高。关于COVID-19,血管紧张素转换酶-2 (ACE-2)是确定的COVID-19感染的靶受体之一,在COPD患者中观察到增加。因此,与其他组相比,慢性阻塞性肺病是发展为COVID-19极端和关键形式的危险因素,这进一步导致在症状恶化时需要住进ICU并使用有创呼吸机,死亡率很高。本系统综述将与ACE-2一起解释在当前世界大流行形势下,COPD患者中COVID-19的严重程度和死亡率以及危险因素,使用带网状雾化器预防传播以及坚持用药。©2022 Meenakshi等。
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引用次数: 0
Establishment of Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. callus and optimization of cell suspension culture for the production of anti-Parkinson’s drug: L-DOPA 粘虫的建立(L.)直流。愈伤组织和细胞悬浮培养的优化生产抗帕金森药物:左旋多巴
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100516
B. Rakesh, N. Praveen
It has become a huge challenge to satisfy the emerging demand for levo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), an anti-Parkinson’s drug in the international drug market. This is attributed to the conventional methods of extraction from the natural sources of Mucuna spp., which has a low germination rate, less viable seeds, and an irritating, itching trichomes on the pods. The need for an alternative method with continuous supply of L-DOPA without affecting the natural biodiversity has been achieved through in vitro procedures. However, there has not been a systematic approach to optimize the cultural conditions for the maximum productivity. Hence, in this study, we aim at optimizing the cultural conditions for high biomass and L-DOPA production. Various plant growth regulators such as auxins (indole acetic acid, indole butyric acid, picloram [Pic], naphthalene acetic acid, and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid), cytokinins (kinetin, benzylaminopurine, 2-isopentenyl adenine, and thidiazuron), and their combinations have been experimented to figure out the best combination to induce callus. At the same time, various factors such as growth kinetics, different media (MS, Gamborg’s-B5, Chu’s-N6, and Nitsch and Nitsch), media strength (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0X), effect of different macro elements and their strength (0, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, and 3X), inoculum density, different hydrogen ion concentration (pH), ammonium/nitrate concentration, different sucrose concentrations (0–10%), and other carbon sources have been investigated in detail for optimizing the cell suspension culture. It was found out that 0.5 mg/L Pic gave the best results for callus induction. With respect to biomass, 6-week growth period (135.7 g/L fresh weight [FW]), 1.0X MS media (126.87 g/L FW), 1.5X magnesium sulfate (266.3 g/L FW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (131.4 g/L FW), pH of 6.0 (129.47 g/L FW), 100 g/L of inoculum (222.2 g/L FW), 3% sucrose concentration (125.6 g/L FW), and 3% glucose (183.4 g/L FW) as other carbon sources were found to give the highest biomass. In terms of L-DOPA production, 3-week growth period (5.90 mg/g dry weight [DW]), 0.5X B5 medium (4.27 mg/g DW), 2.0X calcium chloride (5.06 mg/g DW), ammonium/nitrate ratio of 21.57/18.8 mM (3.44 mg/g DW), pH 6.5 (4.02 mg/g DW), inoculum density of 30 g/L (4.79 mg/g DW), and 2% sucrose (5.17 mg/g DW) resulted in a higher L-DOPA yield.
国际药品市场对抗帕金森病药物左旋-3,4-二羟基苯丙氨酸(L-DOPA)的需求日益增加,满足这一需求已成为一项巨大挑战。这是由于从天然来源的传统提取方法,其发芽率低,种子存活率低,豆荚上有刺激性,瘙痒的毛状体。需要一种替代方法,持续供应左旋多巴,而不影响自然生物多样性已通过体外程序实现。然而,目前还没有一种系统的方法来优化培养条件以获得最大的生产力。因此,在本研究中,我们旨在优化高生物量和L-DOPA生产的培养条件。通过对生长素(吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸、picloram [Pic]、萘乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸)、细胞分裂素(动素、苄氨基嘌呤、2-异戊基腺嘌呤、噻脲)等多种植物生长调节剂及其组合进行试验,找出诱导愈伤组织的最佳组合。同时,对生长动力学、不同培养基(MS、Gamborg’s- b5、Chu’s- n6、Nitsch and Nitsch)、培养基强度(0.5、1.0、2.0X)、不同宏量元素及其强度(0、0.5、1、1.5、2、3X)的影响、接种量密度、不同氢离子浓度(pH)、铵硝浓度、不同蔗糖浓度(0 - 10%)、其他碳源等因素进行了详细研究,以优化细胞悬浮培养。结果表明,0.5 mg/L的Pic对愈伤组织的诱导效果最好。生物量方面,6周生长期(鲜重135.7 g/L [FW])、1.0倍MS培养基(126.87 g/L FW)、1.5倍硫酸镁(266.3 g/L FW)、铵硝比21.57/18.8 mM (131.4 g/L FW)、pH 6.0 (129.47 g/L FW)、接种量100 g/L (222.2 g/L FW)、3%蔗糖浓度(125.6 g/L FW)和3%葡萄糖(183.4 g/L FW)作为其他碳源的生物量最高。在L- dopa产量方面,3周生长期(干重5.90 mg/g [DW])、0.5倍B5培养基(4.27 mg/g DW)、2.0倍氯化钙(5.06 mg/g DW)、铵硝比21.57/18.8 mM (3.44 mg/g DW)、pH 6.5 (4.02 mg/g DW)、接种密度30 g/L (4.79 mg/g DW)和2%蔗糖(5.17 mg/g DW)可获得较高的L- dopa产量。
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引用次数: 1
Suppression of the RAGE gene expression in RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cell line by ethyl acetate extract of Mikania micrantha (L.) Kunth. 薇甘菊乙酸乙酯提取物对RAW 264.7小鼠白血病细胞RAGE基因表达的抑制作用肯。
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100513
Alex Zohmachhuana, Malsawmdawngliana Tlaisun, Vabeiryureilai Mathipi, Lalrinzuali Khawlhring, J. Priya
The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of Mikania micrantha (L.) Kunth. leaf extract on RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cell line. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the different extracts of the leaves of M. micrantha revealed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, terpenoids, phenols, and coumarins, whereas the quantification revealed that the methanol extract contained the highest phenol content (259.88 mg catechol equivalent/g dried sample) as well as flavonoid content (156.55 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dried sample). The different extracts were tested for antioxidant activity using a DPPH scavenging assay. The antioxidant capacity of ethyl acetate extract at 100 µ g concentration showed the highest DPPH scavenging ability with an IC 50 value of 40.34 µg/ml in comparison with the standard (39.92 µg/ml). Allium cepa assay and MTT assay were performed to assess the cytotoxicity effects. The fresh leaf extract increased the incidence of anomalous mitosis. Cytotoxicity study showed that ethyl acetate extracts exhibit the highest cytotoxicity with an IC 50 value of 47.68 µ g/ml. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis exhibited the suppression of the RAGE gene. This is the first report on the effect of the anti-inflammatory activity of M. micrantha leaf extract on RAW 264.7 murine leukemia cell line. This study concluded that M. micrantha possesses antioxidant property and limiting RAGE gene expression suggests anti-inflammatory properties.
本研究旨在探讨薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha, L.)的体外抗炎作用。肯。叶提取物对raw264.7小鼠白血病细胞系的影响。对薇甘菊叶片的不同提取物进行定性分析,发现其主要成分为碳水化合物、黄酮类、醌类、萜类、酚类和香豆素,而定量分析表明,甲醇提取物的酚含量最高(259.88 mg儿茶酚当量/g干燥样品),类黄酮含量最高(156.55 mg槲皮素当量/g干燥样品)。用DPPH清除法检测不同提取物的抗氧化活性。乙酸乙酯提取物在100µg浓度下对DPPH的清除能力最高,ic50值为40.34µg/ml,高于标准品(39.92µg/ml)。采用葱黄法和MTT法评价其细胞毒性作用。鲜叶提取物增加了异常有丝分裂的发生率。细胞毒性研究表明,乙酸乙酯提取物具有最高的细胞毒性,ic50值为47.68µg/ml。逆转录聚合酶链反应分析显示RAGE基因受到抑制。本文首次报道了薇甘菊叶提取物对小鼠白血病细胞的抗炎作用。本研究表明薇甘菊具有抗氧化特性,限制RAGE基因表达提示抗炎特性。
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引用次数: 2
Impact of soaking, germination, fermentation, and roasting treatments on nutritional, anti-nutritional, and bioactive composition of black soybean (Glycine max L.) 浸泡、萌发、发酵和烘烤处理对黑大豆营养、抗营养和生物活性成分的影响
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100523
D. Chauhan, Krishan Kumar, N. Ahmed, P. Thakur, Q. Rizvi, Sumaira Jan, Ajar Nath Yadav
Legumes are plants of the family Leguminosae with seed pods that split into two halves. Black soybean seed coat contains numerous bioactive compounds having radical scavenging, anti-tumor, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study was aimed to assess the effect of soaking, germination, natural fermentation, and roasting on nutritional and antinutritional components, minerals (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu), and bioactive components of the black soybean. The effect of soaking was studied at 12 and 24 h while that of germination at 24, 48, and 72 h. The results revealed that the phenolic contents augmented significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) in germination, fermentation, and roasting by 11.49%, 8.96%, 2.95%. Further, there was an 11.84% and 22.13% increase in the protein contents during the germination and fermentation processes, respectively. The antioxidant activity of processed grains increased significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) during germination, fermentation, and roasting by 72.51, 10.14, and 9.64%, respectively. The anti-nutritional compounds such as phytic acid and tannin contents decreased significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) during processing treatments. Phytic acid decreased to the extent of 34.04, 51.06, and 13.47% and tannin contents as 47.22, 75, and 38.89%, after germination, fermentation, and roasting processes, respectively. A significant ( P ≤ 0.05) increase in mineral contents was observed after the germination, fermentation, and roasting of the black soybean.
豆科植物是豆科植物,其种子荚分成两半。黑大豆种皮中含有多种具有清除自由基、抗肿瘤、抗癌活性的生物活性化合物。本研究旨在研究浸泡、发芽、自然发酵和烘烤对黑大豆营养成分和抗营养成分、矿物质(铁、锌、锰、铜)和生物活性成分的影响。结果表明,萌发、发酵和焙烧处理的黄芪酚含量分别提高了11.49%、8.96%、2.95% (P≤0.05);在萌发和发酵过程中,蛋白质含量分别增加了11.84%和22.13%。在萌发、发酵和焙烧阶段,加工谷物的抗氧化活性分别显著提高了72.51%、10.14%和9.64% (P≤0.05)。抗营养物质如植酸和单宁含量显著降低(P≤0.05)。经过发芽、发酵和焙烧处理后,植酸含量分别下降34.4%、51.06和13.47%,单宁含量分别下降47.22%、75%和38.89%。黑豆萌发、发酵和焙烧后矿质元素含量显著(P≤0.05)增加。
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引用次数: 2
Application of intermittent vacuum treatment on the osmotic dehydration of black cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum cv. OG) 间歇真空处理在黑圣女果渗透脱水中的应用。OG)
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100517
H.T.N. Ha, N. Thuy
Osmosis pre-treatment process helps to reduce partially the moisture of fruits and vegetables before drying. The application of low pressure during the first few minutes of osmosis pushes the trapped gases out and facilitates the penetration of hypertonic solution into the food, thereby improving mass transmission efficiency. In this work, the effects of sucrose concentration (52–68 o Brix), vacuum level (516–684 mmHg), and its application time (5–15 min) on water loss (WL) and solid gain (SG) of black cherry tomatoes (cv. OG) were investigated. The response surface methodology with a factorial experimental central composite design was used for the optimization. Results indicated that the application of a vacuum level of 627.22 mmHg every first 11.61 min of 1 h osmosis in a sucrose solution of 59.38 o Brix increased the WL and reduced the osmosis time. The maximum WL was 28.60% of the tomatoes weight after 4 h of osmosis and the SG was 2.94%. Meanwhile, the corresponding values for the control sample (without vacuum application) were 15.62% and 1.66% after 5.5 h of osmosis dehydration. This proves the effectiveness and potential of the vacuum application in the osmotic dehydration process of black cherry tomatoes.
渗透预处理过程有助于在干燥前部分减少水果和蔬菜的水分。在渗透的最初几分钟内施加低压,将被困的气体排出,促进高渗溶液渗透到食品中,从而提高传质效率。研究了蔗糖浓度(52 ~ 68 o Brix)、真空度(516 ~ 684 mmHg)和施用时间(5 ~ 15 min)对黑樱桃番茄(cv. 5)水分损失(WL)和固重(SG)的影响。OG)进行了调查。采用响应面法和因子试验中心复合设计进行优化。结果表明,在白利度为59.38 o的蔗糖溶液中,每隔11.61 min施加627.22 mmHg的真空度可提高渗透强度,缩短渗透时间。渗透4 h后WL最高为番茄重量的28.60%,SG最高为2.94%。而对照样品(未真空处理)在渗透脱水5.5 h后的相应值分别为15.62%和1.66%。这证明了真空在黑圣女果渗透脱水过程中应用的有效性和潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Potassium-Solubilizing Microorganisms for Agricultural Sustainability 促进农业可持续发展的增钾微生物
Pub Date : 2022-07-20 DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.105ed
Ajar Nath Yadav
otassium is the third most significant nutrient required for growth and development by the plants. Plant absorbs the K mineral in the form of K i.e. soluble and available form of potassium for plant from the soil. The concentration of K ion is low because of over exploitation and to accomplish the K necessity of the plant, agrochemical fertilizer named as potash was discovered. The use of potash has reduced the K scarcity in the plants but arose pollution and depletes the fertility of the soil. Potassium solubilizing microbes have been found as an appropriate alternative of potash. The K-solubilizing microbes avail the K by solubilizing and mineralizing the mechanism through the production various organic acids and extracellular enzyme. Different microbes belonging to genera Agrobacterium, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Microbacterium, Myroides and Pseudomonas, Pantoea have been reported as K solubilizer.
钾是植物生长发育所需的第三大营养物质。植物以钾的形式吸收钾矿物质,即植物从土壤中吸收可溶和有效形式的钾。由于过度开采导致钾离子浓度低,为满足植物对钾的需要,人们发明了钾肥。钾肥的使用减少了植物中钾的短缺,但造成了污染并耗尽了土壤的肥力。增钾微生物已被发现是钾肥的合适替代品。增钾微生物通过生产各种有机酸和胞外酶,通过增钾和矿化机制来利用钾。据报道,农杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、伯克氏杆菌属、微杆菌属、Myroides属和假单胞菌属、Pantoea属的不同微生物都是K增溶剂。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology
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