Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100406
Soumya Nandi, Twinkle Bose, Susmita Mahato, S. Chatterjee, Annalakhmi Chatterjee
Alpha-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1) plays a great role as it has multiple applications in various industries. At present, its production has reached up to 65% of the enzyme market in the world and is continuously increasing. Alpha-amylase is produced by a variety of living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants and animals. The specific activity of α -amylase is dependent on various biochemical phenotype parameters such as substrate, pH, and temperature as well as metal ions requirements. Potato starch with a concentration of 5 mg/ml was found to be more enzyme-specific (34.02 IU/mg of protein) as substrate compared to other variety of starch. The enzyme was best active at pH 8.0 and incubation temperature of 37°C using Na 2+ as metal ions. The findings suggest that enzyme activity increases up to a certain concentration then decreases, structural properties also influence the enzyme activity. The optimum temperature and pH of enzyme activity are also dependent on the microbial strain used. Competition between the exogenous cations and the protein-associated cation decreases metalloenzyme activity. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the specificity of isolated α -amylase by variety of substrate, pH, incubation temperature and metal ions by giving a crucial comparison between each of the parameter of the standard assay.
{"title":"Isolation and partial characterization of amylase produced by fungal isolates from the agro-industrial waste source","authors":"Soumya Nandi, Twinkle Bose, Susmita Mahato, S. Chatterjee, Annalakhmi Chatterjee","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100406","url":null,"abstract":"Alpha-amylase (E.C.3.2.1.1) plays a great role as it has multiple applications in various industries. At present, its production has reached up to 65% of the enzyme market in the world and is continuously increasing. Alpha-amylase is produced by a variety of living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants and animals. The specific activity of α -amylase is dependent on various biochemical phenotype parameters such as substrate, pH, and temperature as well as metal ions requirements. Potato starch with a concentration of 5 mg/ml was found to be more enzyme-specific (34.02 IU/mg of protein) as substrate compared to other variety of starch. The enzyme was best active at pH 8.0 and incubation temperature of 37°C using Na 2+ as metal ions. The findings suggest that enzyme activity increases up to a certain concentration then decreases, structural properties also influence the enzyme activity. The optimum temperature and pH of enzyme activity are also dependent on the microbial strain used. Competition between the exogenous cations and the protein-associated cation decreases metalloenzyme activity. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the specificity of isolated α -amylase by variety of substrate, pH, incubation temperature and metal ions by giving a crucial comparison between each of the parameter of the standard assay.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124705723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100404
Camila Francisco, Gilberto Bida Leite Braga, L. H. S. Guimarães
Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus are able to grow on surfaces, including medical equipment, forming robust and resistant biofilms, and protecting the fungal cells against antifungal agents. Based on that, A. flavus and A. fumigatus biofilms were treated for 48 h with amphotericin B, miconazole, and sodium hypochlorite. Amphotericin B and miconazole acted as fungistatic for both fungal strains. The minimal inhibitory concentration for the amphotericin B was 400 µ g mL -1 and >833 µ g mL -1 for A. flavus and A. fumigatus , respectively, for the miconazole was 600 µ g mL -1 and 1200 µ g mL -1 . Sodium hypochlorite presented fungicide activity at 8.3 µ g mL -1 on A. flavus biofilms, while for A. fumigatus biofilm only fungistatic activity was observed. A. flavus biofilms were most susceptive to the treatment with the antifungal agents than were A. fumigatus . Our observation suggests that these robust structures as an interesting model to study fungal resistance.
黄曲霉和烟曲霉能够在包括医疗设备在内的表面生长，形成坚固和耐药的生物膜，并保护真菌细胞免受抗真菌剂的侵害。在此基础上，用两性霉素B、咪康唑和次氯酸钠处理黄曲霉和烟曲霉生物膜48 h。两性霉素B和咪康唑对两种真菌均有抑菌作用。两性霉素B对黄曲霉和烟曲霉的最小抑制浓度分别为400µg mL -1和>833µg mL -1，咪康唑对黄曲霉和烟曲霉的最小抑制浓度分别为600µg mL -1和1200µg mL -1。次氯酸钠对黄曲霉生物膜的杀真菌活性为8.3 μ g mL -1，而对烟曲霉生物膜的抑菌活性为8.3 μ g mL -1。黄曲霉生物膜对抗真菌剂的敏感性高于烟曲霉。我们的观察表明，这些坚固的结构是研究真菌抗性的有趣模型。
{"title":"Use of the amphotericin B, miconazole, and sodium hypochlorite to control the growth of the robust Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus biofilms on polyethylene support","authors":"Camila Francisco, Gilberto Bida Leite Braga, L. H. S. Guimarães","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100404","url":null,"abstract":"Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus are able to grow on surfaces, including medical equipment, forming robust and resistant biofilms, and protecting the fungal cells against antifungal agents. Based on that, A. flavus and A. fumigatus biofilms were treated for 48 h with amphotericin B, miconazole, and sodium hypochlorite. Amphotericin B and miconazole acted as fungistatic for both fungal strains. The minimal inhibitory concentration for the amphotericin B was 400 µ g mL -1 and >833 µ g mL -1 for A. flavus and A. fumigatus , respectively, for the miconazole was 600 µ g mL -1 and 1200 µ g mL -1 . Sodium hypochlorite presented fungicide activity at 8.3 µ g mL -1 on A. flavus biofilms, while for A. fumigatus biofilm only fungistatic activity was observed. A. flavus biofilms were most susceptive to the treatment with the antifungal agents than were A. fumigatus . Our observation suggests that these robust structures as an interesting model to study fungal resistance.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100401
H. Dinesh, M. Jayaraman
Despite the discovery of cancer biomarkers and advancement in endoscopy, gastric cancer (GC) ranks third among the cancer death worldwide due to lack of early detection and poor understanding of its progression at the molecular level. Hence, early detection of GC is highly crucial for improving prognosis. MicroRNA’s (miRNA’s) belong to a group of non-coding RNA which are ~18–25 nucleotides long and could regulate the target gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Many findings have reported that dysfunction of miRNA could modulate the key biological processes and that has been associated with number of inflammatory disease including GC. As miRNA expression was associated with GC progression such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, the detection of miRNA in blood, gastric juice, tissues, and urine could offer new potential biomarkers for GC and design the novel therapeutic targets for GC. This review focuses on the biogenesis, role of miRNA in GC progression and metastasis, recent advancement and challenges in using miRNA as potential biomarkers for GC. Thus the information on miRNA’s can serve as potential targets in early detection of GC to improve the survival rate and in the development of therapeutic targets.
{"title":"Role of microRNAs in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer","authors":"H. Dinesh, M. Jayaraman","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100401","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the discovery of cancer biomarkers and advancement in endoscopy, gastric cancer (GC) ranks third among the cancer death worldwide due to lack of early detection and poor understanding of its progression at the molecular level. Hence, early detection of GC is highly crucial for improving prognosis. MicroRNA’s (miRNA’s) belong to a group of non-coding RNA which are ~18–25 nucleotides long and could regulate the target gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Many findings have reported that dysfunction of miRNA could modulate the key biological processes and that has been associated with number of inflammatory disease including GC. As miRNA expression was associated with GC progression such as proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, the detection of miRNA in blood, gastric juice, tissues, and urine could offer new potential biomarkers for GC and design the novel therapeutic targets for GC. This review focuses on the biogenesis, role of miRNA in GC progression and metastasis, recent advancement and challenges in using miRNA as potential biomarkers for GC. Thus the information on miRNA’s can serve as potential targets in early detection of GC to improve the survival rate and in the development of therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133156417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandanaceae) prop root was investigated for biological activities, i.e. antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging assay) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus DMST 2933 and Escherichia coli DMST 4212. The results showed that a crude extract of pandan prop roots exhibited antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 230.24 ± 10.69 µg/ml, and it had a total phenolic content of 24.75 ± 0.74 mg GAE/g of TPC content and inhibited the growth of S. aureus DMST 2933 with 9.75 ± 0.35 mm of inhibition zone diameter. The prop root powder was used to develop a novel bacterial cellulose (BC) production using enzymatic hydrolysis. The maximum total soluble solids content at 2.67 ± 0.29 Brix was found when using prop root powder at 100 g/l with 4.0% (v/v) of the commercial enzyme (iKnowZyme® cellulase) after incubated at 50°C, pH 5.0 for 24 h. The hydrolysis pandan prop root was fermented at room temperature for nine days with Komagataeibacter xylinus AGR 60, yielded 13.5 ± 0.50 mm of thickness with 7.90 ± 0.10 g of dry weight. Scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the physical and chemical structure of the BC produced from pandan prop root, revealing that pandan prop root has the potential for a novel BC production with bioactivities of antioxidant and antibacterial properties.
{"title":"Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandanaceae) prop roots and its application for a novel bacterial cellulose (Nata) fermentation by enzymatic hydrolysis","authors":"Thanasak Lomthong, Manida Chorum, Srisuda Samaimai, Panarat Thongpoem","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100420","url":null,"abstract":"Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. (Pandanaceae) prop root was investigated for biological activities, i.e. antioxidant (DPPH radical scavenging assay) and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus DMST 2933 and Escherichia coli DMST 4212. The results showed that a crude extract of pandan prop roots exhibited antioxidant activity with IC 50 of 230.24 ± 10.69 µg/ml, and it had a total phenolic content of 24.75 ± 0.74 mg GAE/g of TPC content and inhibited the growth of S. aureus DMST 2933 with 9.75 ± 0.35 mm of inhibition zone diameter. The prop root powder was used to develop a novel bacterial cellulose (BC) production using enzymatic hydrolysis. The maximum total soluble solids content at 2.67 ± 0.29 Brix was found when using prop root powder at 100 g/l with 4.0% (v/v) of the commercial enzyme (iKnowZyme® cellulase) after incubated at 50°C, pH 5.0 for 24 h. The hydrolysis pandan prop root was fermented at room temperature for nine days with Komagataeibacter xylinus AGR 60, yielded 13.5 ± 0.50 mm of thickness with 7.90 ± 0.10 g of dry weight. Scanning electron microscope and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the physical and chemical structure of the BC produced from pandan prop root, revealing that pandan prop root has the potential for a novel BC production with bioactivities of antioxidant and antibacterial properties.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125120848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100421
M. Abduh, C. Ramadhan, Alfanny Putri Fadhlilah, Siti Dhiffah Nabilah Abdul, Khairul Hadi Burhan
At present, utilization of groundnut shell is still very low. Hence, this study was carried out to valorize groundnut shell as a substrate for solid-state fermentation (SSF) using mixed culture of Trichoderma sp., tape yeast, and tempeh yeast to produce cellulase with a substrate to culture ratio of 10:1. The process was carried at 25°C for 5 days, and the fungal biomass as well as cellulase activity was determined daily. The groundnut shell contains approximately 12.24% cellulose, 50.15% cellulose, and 33% lignin, on a dry basis. After 5 days of fermentation, the fungal biomass and cellulase activity lies in the range of 0.07–0.34 g and cellulase activity of of 0.06–0.12 filter paper unit FPU/ ml, respectively. A maximum biomass of 0.34 g was obtained from a mixed culture of Trichoderma sp. and tempeh yeast whereas a maximum cellulase activity of 0.12 FPU/ml from a mixed culture of Trichoderma sp . and tape yeast. The results demonstrate that cellulase activity produced by mixed cultures was higher value than produced by single cultures. Mathematical models were also developed using secondary data to estimate kinetic parameters for producing cellulase using submerged and SSF. Both models can predict the kinetic parameters reasonably well.
{"title":"Solid-state fermentation of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) shell using Trichoderma sp., tape yeast, and tempeh yeast to produce cellulase","authors":"M. Abduh, C. Ramadhan, Alfanny Putri Fadhlilah, Siti Dhiffah Nabilah Abdul, Khairul Hadi Burhan","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100421","url":null,"abstract":"At present, utilization of groundnut shell is still very low. Hence, this study was carried out to valorize groundnut shell as a substrate for solid-state fermentation (SSF) using mixed culture of Trichoderma sp., tape yeast, and tempeh yeast to produce cellulase with a substrate to culture ratio of 10:1. The process was carried at 25°C for 5 days, and the fungal biomass as well as cellulase activity was determined daily. The groundnut shell contains approximately 12.24% cellulose, 50.15% cellulose, and 33% lignin, on a dry basis. After 5 days of fermentation, the fungal biomass and cellulase activity lies in the range of 0.07–0.34 g and cellulase activity of of 0.06–0.12 filter paper unit FPU/ ml, respectively. A maximum biomass of 0.34 g was obtained from a mixed culture of Trichoderma sp. and tempeh yeast whereas a maximum cellulase activity of 0.12 FPU/ml from a mixed culture of Trichoderma sp . and tape yeast. The results demonstrate that cellulase activity produced by mixed cultures was higher value than produced by single cultures. Mathematical models were also developed using secondary data to estimate kinetic parameters for producing cellulase using submerged and SSF. Both models can predict the kinetic parameters reasonably well.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128344556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100415
F. Nwagwu, Manthy Athanasius, Goddey Michael, Ekemini Edet Obok, A. Ibrahim
Field studies conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Calabar, Nigeria, evaluated the influence of tillage methods on weed control and yield of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp). These were split-plot experiments laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications; involving no-tillage, plough + harrow, hoe tillage and SAMPEA 11, SAMPEA 12 and “ Kanannado ” cowpea varieties. Analysis of variance indicated significant ( P ≤ 0.05) tillage, cowpea varieties and their interaction effects on weed control and yields of cowpea. Tillage system did not change the soil texture. The results obtained could not be attributed to environmental changes as the weather data for the 2 years were not unique, rather they followed a similar trend. Longer pods with the highest number of pods plant −1 , seeds pod −1 , and seed yield (kg) ha −1 of cowpea were produced in ploughed plus harrowed plots. dry matter by 50.32% and 49.39% over SAMPEA 12 and SAMPEA 11, respectively. “ Kanannado ” combined with no-tillage (92.00 kg ha −1 ) was similar ( P > 0.05) to SAMPEA 11 combined with no-tillage (101.50 kg ha −1 ). However, the combination of SAMPEA 12 with ploughing and harrowing produced the highest seed yield (667.00 kg ha −1 ) and was recommended for adoption based on outstanding yield and satisfactory weed control in cowpea production in the study area.
2016年和2017年在尼日利亚卡拉巴尔进行了实地研究，评估了耕作方式对豇豆(Vigna unguiculata)杂草控制和产量的影响。] Walp)。这些是分图实验，采用随机完全区组设计，有三个重复;包括免耕、犁+耙、锄头耕作和SAMPEA 11、SAMPEA 12和“Kanannado”豇豆品种。方差分析表明，耕作方式、豇豆品种及其互作对豇豆杂草防治和产量的影响显著(P≤0.05)。耕作制度对土壤质地没有影响。获得的结果不能归因于环境变化，因为2年的天气数据不是唯一的，而是遵循类似的趋势。在犁耕加耙耕的地块上生产的豇豆豆荚较长，荚数最高，种子荚数最高，籽粒产量最高(kg) ha - 1。干物质比SAMPEA 12和SAMPEA 11分别减少50.32%和49.39%。“Kanannado”免耕(92.00 kg ha−1)与SAMPEA 11免耕(101.50 kg ha−1)相似(P < 0.05)。然而，SAMPEA 12与翻耕和耙播组合的种子产量最高(667.00 kg ha - 1)，由于研究区豇豆产量突出，杂草控制良好，因此推荐采用。
{"title":"Weed control and cowpea yield under different tillage systems","authors":"F. Nwagwu, Manthy Athanasius, Goddey Michael, Ekemini Edet Obok, A. Ibrahim","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100415","url":null,"abstract":"Field studies conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Calabar, Nigeria, evaluated the influence of tillage methods on weed control and yield of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp). These were split-plot experiments laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications; involving no-tillage, plough + harrow, hoe tillage and SAMPEA 11, SAMPEA 12 and “ Kanannado ” cowpea varieties. Analysis of variance indicated significant ( P ≤ 0.05) tillage, cowpea varieties and their interaction effects on weed control and yields of cowpea. Tillage system did not change the soil texture. The results obtained could not be attributed to environmental changes as the weather data for the 2 years were not unique, rather they followed a similar trend. Longer pods with the highest number of pods plant −1 , seeds pod −1 , and seed yield (kg) ha −1 of cowpea were produced in ploughed plus harrowed plots. dry matter by 50.32% and 49.39% over SAMPEA 12 and SAMPEA 11, respectively. “ Kanannado ” combined with no-tillage (92.00 kg ha −1 ) was similar ( P > 0.05) to SAMPEA 11 combined with no-tillage (101.50 kg ha −1 ). However, the combination of SAMPEA 12 with ploughing and harrowing produced the highest seed yield (667.00 kg ha −1 ) and was recommended for adoption based on outstanding yield and satisfactory weed control in cowpea production in the study area.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130066746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100417
Mini K. Paul, K. Mini, J. Mathew
Soil and seed-borne phytopathogenic fungi are the main factors limiting crop yield in India’s agricultural sector. They attack the root of the seed before germination or seedling after germination resulting in huge deprivation in crop yield. In this scenario, it is crucial to control phytopathogenic fungi to ensure sustainable food production to the ever-increasing world population. The antifungal property of purified chitinase of Kurthia gibsonii Mb 126 was investigated by isolating fungi infected with seeds of various rice samples and then studying the effect of purified chitinase of K. gibsonii Mb 126 on these isolated fungi. The effect of K. gibsonii Mb 126 purified chitinase on the germination of rice seed infested with these isolated fungi was also investigated. Eight fungi ( Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizoctonia solani , and Fusarium subglutinans ) were isolated and identified from the different rice varieties of Kerala, India, viz Aswathy (PTB 37), Jaya, Sabari (PTB 40), Ahalya, Onam, Makam, Triveni (PTB 38), Swarnaprabha, Kairali, Pavizham, and Ponni, The frequency of isolated fungi ranged from 46% to 100% (present in all the 20 samples). The isolated fungi C. lunata, A. flavus, R. solani , and A. niger were predominated. Seeds treated with the K. gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase enzyme had a strong germination response. K. gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase proved beneficial in eliminating seed-borne fungus, boosting seed germination percentage, and seedling vigor. Farmers of our country should be aware of soil and seed-borne fungi, and they should do seed treatment with chitinase before sowing in the agricultural field, and through this strategy, they will be more benefited.
{"title":"Antifungal effects of Kurthia gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase as a seed treatment on seed-borne fungi of rice seed on germination percentage and seedling vigor","authors":"Mini K. Paul, K. Mini, J. Mathew","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100417","url":null,"abstract":"Soil and seed-borne phytopathogenic fungi are the main factors limiting crop yield in India’s agricultural sector. They attack the root of the seed before germination or seedling after germination resulting in huge deprivation in crop yield. In this scenario, it is crucial to control phytopathogenic fungi to ensure sustainable food production to the ever-increasing world population. The antifungal property of purified chitinase of Kurthia gibsonii Mb 126 was investigated by isolating fungi infected with seeds of various rice samples and then studying the effect of purified chitinase of K. gibsonii Mb 126 on these isolated fungi. The effect of K. gibsonii Mb 126 purified chitinase on the germination of rice seed infested with these isolated fungi was also investigated. Eight fungi ( Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizopus oryzae, Trichoderma harzianum, Rhizoctonia solani , and Fusarium subglutinans ) were isolated and identified from the different rice varieties of Kerala, India, viz Aswathy (PTB 37), Jaya, Sabari (PTB 40), Ahalya, Onam, Makam, Triveni (PTB 38), Swarnaprabha, Kairali, Pavizham, and Ponni, The frequency of isolated fungi ranged from 46% to 100% (present in all the 20 samples). The isolated fungi C. lunata, A. flavus, R. solani , and A. niger were predominated. Seeds treated with the K. gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase enzyme had a strong germination response. K. gibsonii Mb 126 chitinase proved beneficial in eliminating seed-borne fungus, boosting seed germination percentage, and seedling vigor. Farmers of our country should be aware of soil and seed-borne fungi, and they should do seed treatment with chitinase before sowing in the agricultural field, and through this strategy, they will be more benefited.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131522095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100411
K. Vinu, Maddappa Krishnappa, V. Krishna
Endophytic fungi are the great symbiotic microorganisms present in the plants. The fungal endophytes are recognized as valuable sources for novel secondary metabolites with various activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer. The present investigation focused on isolation, molecular identification, and phylogenetic studies of the endophytic fungi Lasidiplodia theobromae in the leaves of Lobelia nicotianifolia of Chikkamagaluru. The endophytic fungi L. theobromae was isolated, molecularly characterized by ITS (ITS1 and ITS4), and LSU (LROR and LR5) gene sequencing, and the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fungal extract by agar well diffusion method was evaluated. Lasidiplodia theobromae expressed high antibacterial activity against all the tested clinical pathogenic bacteria and greater inhibition in Escherichia coli (MTCC-1599) compared to Xanthomonas campestris (MTCC-228), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-7028), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-4734).
{"title":"Molecular characterization and antibacterial properties of endophytic fungi Lasidiplodia theobromae in Lobelia nicotianifolia Roth ex Schult. of central Western Ghats of Karnataka, India","authors":"K. Vinu, Maddappa Krishnappa, V. Krishna","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100411","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi are the great symbiotic microorganisms present in the plants. The fungal endophytes are recognized as valuable sources for novel secondary metabolites with various activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer. The present investigation focused on isolation, molecular identification, and phylogenetic studies of the endophytic fungi Lasidiplodia theobromae in the leaves of Lobelia nicotianifolia of Chikkamagaluru. The endophytic fungi L. theobromae was isolated, molecularly characterized by ITS (ITS1 and ITS4), and LSU (LROR and LR5) gene sequencing, and the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fungal extract by agar well diffusion method was evaluated. Lasidiplodia theobromae expressed high antibacterial activity against all the tested clinical pathogenic bacteria and greater inhibition in Escherichia coli (MTCC-1599) compared to Xanthomonas campestris (MTCC-228), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC-7028), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-4734).","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122809963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100418
N. Sudha, D. Varaprasad, K. Riazunnisa, T. Chandrasekhar, Vankara Anu Prasanna, P. R. Reddy
The present investigation aims to know the effects of oxygen scavengers such as sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ), sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ), sodium dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4 ), and sodium metabisulfite (Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) on growth and accumulation of biomass (chlorophylls) in green alga Asterarcys quadricellulare ( A. quadricellulare ). Alga is grown in tris-acetate-phosphate (TAP) medium, along with various concentrations of NaHSO 3 , Na 2 SO 3 , Na 2 S 2 O 4 , and Na 2 S 2 O 5 individually under in vitro conditions. To evaluate the effects of scavengers, in vitro grown algal cells were used to estimate the chlorophyll a and b, along with total chlorophylls. Augmented growth and total chlorophyll content (63.23 mg/L) was noticed in A. quadricellulare cultures grown in TAP with 3.2 mM of sodium sulfite medium. TAP with 0.4 mM sodium bisulfite medium enhanced the growth and total chlorophyll content (49.38 mg/L) in this alga. Similarly, improved growth and total chlorophyll content (44.46 mg/L) was observed in A. quadricellulare grown in TAP with 0.4 mM of sodium dithionite medium. TAP with 0.08 mM sodium metabisulfite medium augmented the growth and total chlorophyll content (41.01 mg/L) in this alga. Higher doses of scavengers inhibit the growth and reduced the total chlorophyll contents in A. quadricellulare . The present work will be helpful to standardize the oxygen scavenger resistance levels in various algal species for anaerobic experiments including in vitro production of hydrogen.
{"title":"Effects of oxygen scavengers (Sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium dithionite, and sodium metabisulfite) on growth and accumulation of biomass in the green alga Asterarcys quadricellulare","authors":"N. Sudha, D. Varaprasad, K. Riazunnisa, T. Chandrasekhar, Vankara Anu Prasanna, P. R. Reddy","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100418","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation aims to know the effects of oxygen scavengers such as sodium sulfite (Na 2 SO 3 ), sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ), sodium dithionite (Na 2 S 2 O 4 ), and sodium metabisulfite (Na 2 S 2 O 5 ) on growth and accumulation of biomass (chlorophylls) in green alga Asterarcys quadricellulare ( A. quadricellulare ). Alga is grown in tris-acetate-phosphate (TAP) medium, along with various concentrations of NaHSO 3 , Na 2 SO 3 , Na 2 S 2 O 4 , and Na 2 S 2 O 5 individually under in vitro conditions. To evaluate the effects of scavengers, in vitro grown algal cells were used to estimate the chlorophyll a and b, along with total chlorophylls. Augmented growth and total chlorophyll content (63.23 mg/L) was noticed in A. quadricellulare cultures grown in TAP with 3.2 mM of sodium sulfite medium. TAP with 0.4 mM sodium bisulfite medium enhanced the growth and total chlorophyll content (49.38 mg/L) in this alga. Similarly, improved growth and total chlorophyll content (44.46 mg/L) was observed in A. quadricellulare grown in TAP with 0.4 mM of sodium dithionite medium. TAP with 0.08 mM sodium metabisulfite medium augmented the growth and total chlorophyll content (41.01 mg/L) in this alga. Higher doses of scavengers inhibit the growth and reduced the total chlorophyll contents in A. quadricellulare . The present work will be helpful to standardize the oxygen scavenger resistance levels in various algal species for anaerobic experiments including in vitro production of hydrogen.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"448 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122148993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-10DOI: 10.7324/jabb.2022.100312
M. Avinash, F. Zameer, S. Gopal
Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a bacterium has been evolved depending on its habit and the habitat causing acute and chronic infections in humans and animals. The infection is further facilitated with its modified behavioral and survival strategies which can resist antibiotics and other potential inhibitors. The formation of biofilms, the related cell-to-cell signaling, and the special cascade of effector proteins produced by the secretion systems, in particular, the type-3 secretion system (T3SS) adds as armor to the infection cycle. In the search for alternatives as well as adjuvants to combat antibiotic resistance, numerous commonly available weeds cited in Ayurvedic literature are an important avenue for studies. In this current study, an attempt to explore the ability of twenty such weeds against biofilms of P.aeruginosa was made. To get better insights into the mechanism of anti-biofilm activity of the hydroethanolic extracts, both in vitro (antioxidants and antibiofilm microtitre plate method) and in silico (molecular docking) approaches were tapped. The results indicate that extracts of Atibala ( Abutilon indicum )and its polyphenolics possess good inhibitory activity against P.aeruginosa biofilm. This could be further exploited toward newer drug design and development.
{"title":"The propensity of selected Indian plant extracts for polyphenolics, antioxidant, and inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms through type-3 secretion system","authors":"M. Avinash, F. Zameer, S. Gopal","doi":"10.7324/jabb.2022.100312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7324/jabb.2022.100312","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a bacterium has been evolved depending on its habit and the habitat causing acute and chronic infections in humans and animals. The infection is further facilitated with its modified behavioral and survival strategies which can resist antibiotics and other potential inhibitors. The formation of biofilms, the related cell-to-cell signaling, and the special cascade of effector proteins produced by the secretion systems, in particular, the type-3 secretion system (T3SS) adds as armor to the infection cycle. In the search for alternatives as well as adjuvants to combat antibiotic resistance, numerous commonly available weeds cited in Ayurvedic literature are an important avenue for studies. In this current study, an attempt to explore the ability of twenty such weeds against biofilms of P.aeruginosa was made. To get better insights into the mechanism of anti-biofilm activity of the hydroethanolic extracts, both in vitro (antioxidants and antibiofilm microtitre plate method) and in silico (molecular docking) approaches were tapped. The results indicate that extracts of Atibala ( Abutilon indicum )and its polyphenolics possess good inhibitory activity against P.aeruginosa biofilm. This could be further exploited toward newer drug design and development.","PeriodicalId":423079,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115384344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：