Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21077
P. Sathish, N. Manga
NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) constellation consists of four geosynchronous and three geostationary satellites and it is developed by ISRO, India. It provides position, velocity and timing services. Doppler Collision (DC) is a phenomenon where tracking errors are introduced in the measurements due to cross-correlation between the satellites. If relative doppler between satellites is less than the code loop bandwidth, then DC occurs. In this paper, to analyze DC impact on NavIC, the Doppler shift of each GEO satellite is calculated, the most effected GEO satellite pair is identified. In high dynamic applications like missile launches the effect of DC is very significant. In order to investigate DC in high dynamic conditions a simulation of trajectory path of the receiver is considered. For the precise position estimation, the contribution of DC error will be high, so it needs to be minimized. An efficient algorithm is developed to mitigate the DC using narrow correlator design of the receiver. Using the proposed algorithm, the DC duration for 1C-1G satellite pair has been reduced from 50min 21sec to 2sec in static conditions. Whereas in dynamic conditions from 4h20min 28sec to 5sec with DLL bandwidth of 4Hz and 0.1 chip spacing of receiver design.
{"title":"Investigation of Doppler Collision Effects in Kinematic Conditions and its Mitigation for NavIC System","authors":"P. Sathish, N. Manga","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21077","url":null,"abstract":"NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) constellation consists of four geosynchronous and three geostationary satellites and it is developed by ISRO, India. It provides position, velocity and timing services. Doppler Collision (DC) is a phenomenon where tracking errors are introduced in the measurements due to cross-correlation between the satellites. If relative doppler between satellites is less than the code loop bandwidth, then DC occurs. In this paper, to analyze DC impact on NavIC, the Doppler shift of each GEO satellite is calculated, the most effected GEO satellite pair is identified. In high dynamic applications like missile launches the effect of DC is very significant. In order to investigate DC in high dynamic conditions a simulation of trajectory path of the receiver is considered. For the precise position estimation, the contribution of DC error will be high, so it needs to be minimized. An efficient algorithm is developed to mitigate the DC using narrow correlator design of the receiver. Using the proposed algorithm, the DC duration for 1C-1G satellite pair has been reduced from 50min 21sec to 2sec in static conditions. Whereas in dynamic conditions from 4h20min 28sec to 5sec with DLL bandwidth of 4Hz and 0.1 chip spacing of receiver design.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73338933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21044
P. Jahnavi, D. Kalyanasundaram
Aim: The storage of clean water assets around the world has produced a requirement for their ideal use. Innovative irrigation is the advance method which can overcome the drawbacks of traditional drip irrigation. Materials: In this proposed system two soils, sandy soil with average moisture content 60% and clay soil with average moisture content 76% are taken; A total of 20 samples are taken from 2 groups. The sample size was estimated to be 5 in each group using Gpower with the input soil samples with alpha error of 0.95, threshold value of 0.05, confidence level of 95%, pretest G- power is 80%. Significance of this proposed system is 0.05. Result: Comparing the two soils, the soil which can maintain a low percentage of moisture content appears to be suitable for the irrigation. Minimum percentage of moisture can be achieved by using the smart irrigation system which appear to be better than the traditional drip irrigation. The moisture content in sandy soil is 83% and the clay soil is 63%. Since moisture content is inversely proportional to water content. Conclusion: Clay soil appears to be better than sandy soil, traditional issues in drip irrigation is overcomed by innovative irrigation system.
{"title":"Innovative Irrigation Using Humidity and Soil Moisture for Efficient Usage of Water in Agriculture Field Compared to Drip Irrigation","authors":"P. Jahnavi, D. Kalyanasundaram","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21044","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The storage of clean water assets around the world has produced a requirement for their ideal use. Innovative irrigation is the advance method which can overcome the drawbacks of traditional drip irrigation. Materials: In this proposed system two soils, sandy soil with average moisture content 60% and clay soil with average moisture content 76% are taken; A total of 20 samples are taken from 2 groups. The sample size was estimated to be 5 in each group using Gpower with the input soil samples with alpha error of 0.95, threshold value of 0.05, confidence level of 95%, pretest G- power is 80%. Significance of this proposed system is 0.05. Result: Comparing the two soils, the soil which can maintain a low percentage of moisture content appears to be suitable for the irrigation. Minimum percentage of moisture can be achieved by using the smart irrigation system which appear to be better than the traditional drip irrigation. The moisture content in sandy soil is 83% and the clay soil is 63%. Since moisture content is inversely proportional to water content. Conclusion: Clay soil appears to be better than sandy soil, traditional issues in drip irrigation is overcomed by innovative irrigation system.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75329872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21082
N. Adizova, S. Kuldasheva, Bobirjon Adizov, D. Ruzmetova, A. Nabiev
The article explains that in order to secure the mobile sands (MSa) and (MSo) soil, it is necessary to individually study their compositions and properties, as well as the possibility of their regulation through the use of effective chemical reagents and industrial waste. The study of the thickness of the crusts formed in mobile soils and sands shows that their thickness is one of the important characteristics in determining their mechanical strength and water resistance. It was revealed that structure formation in the crusts is a complex mechanochemical process for the regulation of which it is advisable to use experimentally selected compositions of fixing agents, taking into account their physicochemical properties.
{"title":"Structural Formation of Cruts of Mobile Soils and Sands from Selected Components of Fixers","authors":"N. Adizova, S. Kuldasheva, Bobirjon Adizov, D. Ruzmetova, A. Nabiev","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21082","url":null,"abstract":"The article explains that in order to secure the mobile sands (MSa) and (MSo) soil, it is necessary to individually study their compositions and properties, as well as the possibility of their regulation through the use of effective chemical reagents and industrial waste. The study of the thickness of the crusts formed in mobile soils and sands shows that their thickness is one of the important characteristics in determining their mechanical strength and water resistance. It was revealed that structure formation in the crusts is a complex mechanochemical process for the regulation of which it is advisable to use experimentally selected compositions of fixing agents, taking into account their physicochemical properties.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83704859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21071
Dharmaraj Sundaram, I. N. A. M. Nordin, Nurulaqilla Khamis, N. Zulkarnain, M. Razif, A. F. Z. Abidin
Modernization has brought the world technological advancements, but it has also brought with it a slew of problems. In today's Malaysia, air and noise pollution are becoming more of a concern, along with a rise in occupational disease. A monitoring system is needed to address these issues. This paper describes the development of a real-time IoT-based air and noise pollution monitoring system that can provide monitoring and alert the user to the pollution levels. This monitoring system was built using IoT technology, which included the use of an ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module NodeMCU as a microcontroller to communicate with the chosen IoT analytics platform, ThingSpeak. A gas sensor MQ9 was used to measure carbon monoxide concentrations, and a sound sensor LM393 was used to measure noise levels in the surrounding area. The measured values were displayed on the Arduino software's serial monitor, then sent to the ThingSpeak server and graphically displayed in real time on a screen. The results of the electronic sensors were compared to the results of the stand-alone carbon monoxide meter and digital sound level meter for validation. The proposed monitoring system produced promising results, with 91.12 % and 97.86 % accuracy for gas and sound levels shown by the gas sensor MQ9 and sound sensor LM393, respectively. The framework also provides ThingSpeak server warning messages. When the calculated conditions exceeded the user's defined cap, the server sent the user an email update with the gas and noise limit status. This has made the system more useful and convenient.
{"title":"Development of Real-time IoT based Air and Noise Monitoring System","authors":"Dharmaraj Sundaram, I. N. A. M. Nordin, Nurulaqilla Khamis, N. Zulkarnain, M. Razif, A. F. Z. Abidin","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21071","url":null,"abstract":"Modernization has brought the world technological advancements, but it has also brought with it a slew of problems. In today's Malaysia, air and noise pollution are becoming more of a concern, along with a rise in occupational disease. A monitoring system is needed to address these issues. This paper describes the development of a real-time IoT-based air and noise pollution monitoring system that can provide monitoring and alert the user to the pollution levels. This monitoring system was built using IoT technology, which included the use of an ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module NodeMCU as a microcontroller to communicate with the chosen IoT analytics platform, ThingSpeak. A gas sensor MQ9 was used to measure carbon monoxide concentrations, and a sound sensor LM393 was used to measure noise levels in the surrounding area. The measured values were displayed on the Arduino software's serial monitor, then sent to the ThingSpeak server and graphically displayed in real time on a screen. The results of the electronic sensors were compared to the results of the stand-alone carbon monoxide meter and digital sound level meter for validation. The proposed monitoring system produced promising results, with 91.12 % and 97.86 % accuracy for gas and sound levels shown by the gas sensor MQ9 and sound sensor LM393, respectively. The framework also provides ThingSpeak server warning messages. When the calculated conditions exceeded the user's defined cap, the server sent the user an email update with the gas and noise limit status. This has made the system more useful and convenient.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87920086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21065
Mounika Jammula
As of 2020, the total area planted with crops in India overtook 125.78 million hectares. India is the second biggest organic product maker in the world. Thus, an Indian economy greatly depends on farming products. Nowadays, farmers suffer a drop in production due to a lot of diseases and pests. Thus, to overcome this problem, this article presents the artificial intelligence based deep learning approach for plant disease classification. Initially, the adaptive mean bilateral filter (AMBF) for noise removal and enhancement operations. Then, Gaussian kernel fuzzy C-means (GKFCM) approach is used to segment the effected disease regions. The optimal features from color, texture and shape features are extracted by using GLCM. Finally, Deep learning convolutional neural network (DLCNN) is used for the classification of five class diseases. The segmentation and classification performance of proposed method outperforms as compared with the state of art approaches.
{"title":"An Artificial Intelligence Framework for Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using AMBF with GKFCM and GLCM","authors":"Mounika Jammula","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21065","url":null,"abstract":"As of 2020, the total area planted with crops in India overtook 125.78 million hectares. India is the second biggest organic product maker in the world. Thus, an Indian economy greatly depends on farming products. Nowadays, farmers suffer a drop in production due to a lot of diseases and pests. Thus, to overcome this problem, this article presents the artificial intelligence based deep learning approach for plant disease classification. Initially, the adaptive mean bilateral filter (AMBF) for noise removal and enhancement operations. Then, Gaussian kernel fuzzy C-means (GKFCM) approach is used to segment the effected disease regions. The optimal features from color, texture and shape features are extracted by using GLCM. Finally, Deep learning convolutional neural network (DLCNN) is used for the classification of five class diseases. The segmentation and classification performance of proposed method outperforms as compared with the state of art approaches.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81143182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21076
Nurul Anis Syahira Kamarudin, I. N. A. M. Nordin, D. Misman, Nurulaqilla Khamis, M. Razif, F. H. M. Noh
This paper presents a prototype of Water Surface Mobile Garbage Collector Robot built in motivation to educate the people to love and monitor the health of our rivers by collecting the trash themselves using mobile robot. The garbage collector is designed aimed for the cleaning of small-scale lakes, narrow rivers, and drains in Malaysia. The navigation of the robot is controlled using wireless Bluetooth communication from a smartphone application. The performance of the water garbage collector in terms of manoeuvring control efficiency and garbage collection load capacity was tested and evaluated. Based on the experimental results from a swimming pool, it can operate within a 4-metre range and collect 192 grams of small to medium sized recyclable garbage such as food packages, water bottles, and plastics in 10 seconds. It managed to float and navigate on the Panchor River within Bluetooth network range. A strong, lightweight and waterproof material is recommended for use for this water garbage collector. A proximity sensor or image processing technique for detecting garbage on the water surface may be studied and included in the future to enable a fully autonomous manoeuvring control system.
{"title":"Development of Water Surface Mobile Garbage Collector Robot","authors":"Nurul Anis Syahira Kamarudin, I. N. A. M. Nordin, D. Misman, Nurulaqilla Khamis, M. Razif, F. H. M. Noh","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a prototype of Water Surface Mobile Garbage Collector Robot built in motivation to educate the people to love and monitor the health of our rivers by collecting the trash themselves using mobile robot. The garbage collector is designed aimed for the cleaning of small-scale lakes, narrow rivers, and drains in Malaysia. The navigation of the robot is controlled using wireless Bluetooth communication from a smartphone application. The performance of the water garbage collector in terms of manoeuvring control efficiency and garbage collection load capacity was tested and evaluated. Based on the experimental results from a swimming pool, it can operate within a 4-metre range and collect 192 grams of small to medium sized recyclable garbage such as food packages, water bottles, and plastics in 10 seconds. It managed to float and navigate on the Panchor River within Bluetooth network range. A strong, lightweight and waterproof material is recommended for use for this water garbage collector. A proximity sensor or image processing technique for detecting garbage on the water surface may be studied and included in the future to enable a fully autonomous manoeuvring control system.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76641489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21073
K. J. Swabhijit, J. Mohana
Aim: The aim of the study is to perform the electrical characterization of Innovative TiO2 based Omega FinFET and compare it with SiO2 material by varying the oxide thickness ranging from 1nm to 20nm using nanotechnology. Materials and Methods: DFT tool is used to perform the above characterisation. The method was performed for 20 samples per group, TiO2(n=20) and SiO2(n=20). Same samples were used for both the control group and experimental group. Different values of drain current were obtained by varying the thickness for both TiO2 and SiO2. Result: Drain current was obtained for TiO2 (0.645μA) and found better compared with SiO2 (0.58μA). Conclusion: It is concluded that the TiO2 Omega FinFET appears to be better compared to SiO2 based omega FinFET.
{"title":"Electrical Characterization of TiO2 based OMEGA FinFET Compared with Conventional SiO2 Material","authors":"K. J. Swabhijit, J. Mohana","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21073","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of the study is to perform the electrical characterization of Innovative TiO2 based Omega FinFET and compare it with SiO2 material by varying the oxide thickness ranging from 1nm to 20nm using nanotechnology. Materials and Methods: DFT tool is used to perform the above characterisation. The method was performed for 20 samples per group, TiO2(n=20) and SiO2(n=20). Same samples were used for both the control group and experimental group. Different values of drain current were obtained by varying the thickness for both TiO2 and SiO2. Result: Drain current was obtained for TiO2 (0.645μA) and found better compared with SiO2 (0.58μA). Conclusion: It is concluded that the TiO2 Omega FinFET appears to be better compared to SiO2 based omega FinFET.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82466404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an experiment in low-mountain conditions, the features of changes in the structure of bone tissue in the zone of a gunshot fracture of the shank diaphysis were studied. It was revealed that when using the compression-distraction method according to G.A. Ilizarov, a pronounced angiogenic effect is observed, an improvement in reparative processes. The results obtained confirm the need to use the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis to accelerate the healing of gunshot fractures of tubular bones.
{"title":"Morphological Picture of Bone Tissue from Shooting Fractures in Peresous Compression – Distraction Osteosynthesis According to G.A. Ilizarov in Low Mountains","authors":"Dzhumabekov Sabyrbek Artisbekovich, Kubatbekov Almaz Anarbekovich, Borukeev Azamat Kyrzhybekovich","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21057","url":null,"abstract":"In an experiment in low-mountain conditions, the features of changes in the structure of bone tissue in the zone of a gunshot fracture of the shank diaphysis were studied. It was revealed that when using the compression-distraction method according to G.A. Ilizarov, a pronounced angiogenic effect is observed, an improvement in reparative processes. The results obtained confirm the need to use the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis to accelerate the healing of gunshot fractures of tubular bones.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"47 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76505626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21045
P. Poornachandrasekhar, V. Sivakumar
Aim: The aim of this study is to check the potability of pond water and RO water. This is carried out by comparing the Electrical Conductivity (EC) and turbidity of two different sources of water. Materials and methods: Twenty number of samples from a local pond and potable water sources were tested for turbidity and electrical conductivity using turbidity meter and conductivity meter, respectively. Results and Discussion: On performing an independent samples t-test on the two groups considered, it is observed that there exists a significant difference between the turbidity and the EC (p <0.05). Turbidity was higher in pond water (21.20 ± 2.51) than that of RO water (6.55 ± 0.33). The concentration of EC is also higher for pond water (1.67 ± 0.35) than that of RO water (0.15 ± 0.33). Conclusion: This study shows that the pond water is not potable when compared to RO water. The pond water requires treatment prior to domestic use in order to improve sustainability.
{"title":"A Comparison between Turbidity, and Electrical Conductivity of Pond Water and RO Water in Thandalam for Enhanced Sustainability","authors":"P. Poornachandrasekhar, V. Sivakumar","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21045","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this study is to check the potability of pond water and RO water. This is carried out by comparing the Electrical Conductivity (EC) and turbidity of two different sources of water. Materials and methods: Twenty number of samples from a local pond and potable water sources were tested for turbidity and electrical conductivity using turbidity meter and conductivity meter, respectively. Results and Discussion: On performing an independent samples t-test on the two groups considered, it is observed that there exists a significant difference between the turbidity and the EC (p <0.05). Turbidity was higher in pond water (21.20 ± 2.51) than that of RO water (6.55 ± 0.33). The concentration of EC is also higher for pond water (1.67 ± 0.35) than that of RO water (0.15 ± 0.33). Conclusion: This study shows that the pond water is not potable when compared to RO water. The pond water requires treatment prior to domestic use in order to improve sustainability.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76745871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21069
Dayang Nai’mah Salimah Awang Mentali, S. Abdullah, Zulhafizal Othman, J. Jaafar, Nurul Fariha Lokman
Clean water is a fundamental need for human. Whether it is used for recreational purposes, food production, domestic use and drinking, safe and readily available water is important for everyone. Water scarcity is very serious and is one of the most extensive problems affecting people throughout the world. In this study, the emphasis is to fabricate polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane with different polymer formulation to study the characteristics and morphology in determining the optimum formulation of polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane. In this study, polysulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as the polymers and 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone was used as the solvent. The optimum formulation is obtained by conducting the test on the membrane; permeate flux test, salt rejection test and tensile test. The resulted optimum polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane were undergone two more tests which were Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and wastewater quality test. These two tests were conducted to measure its ability to filter the wastewater and the pore size of membrane were captured. The optimum Membrane is sample4 which had the highest value of permeate flux with 33.78 L/m2hr, it had removal percentage of 11.76% for salt rejection, decreased 12.42% in conductivity from 3.3 S/m to 2.89 S/m, and it was able to withstand 48 kN/m2 at strain value of 3.6 m/m. The optimum sample 4 has formed a microfiltration membrane with average 3.23 μm pore size which is successfully filter out particles in the wastewater, where it could remove 44.27% turbidity, 23.08% TSS, 14.29% COD, 4.73% TDS, 4.79% conductivity, 4.34% pH and 13.04% colour.
{"title":"Characteristics and Performance of Polysulfone-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Synthetic Hybrid Membrane in Water Purification System","authors":"Dayang Nai’mah Salimah Awang Mentali, S. Abdullah, Zulhafizal Othman, J. Jaafar, Nurul Fariha Lokman","doi":"10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21069","url":null,"abstract":"Clean water is a fundamental need for human. Whether it is used for recreational purposes, food production, domestic use and drinking, safe and readily available water is important for everyone. Water scarcity is very serious and is one of the most extensive problems affecting people throughout the world. In this study, the emphasis is to fabricate polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane with different polymer formulation to study the characteristics and morphology in determining the optimum formulation of polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane. In this study, polysulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as the polymers and 1-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone was used as the solvent. The optimum formulation is obtained by conducting the test on the membrane; permeate flux test, salt rejection test and tensile test. The resulted optimum polysulfone-polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid membrane were undergone two more tests which were Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and wastewater quality test. These two tests were conducted to measure its ability to filter the wastewater and the pore size of membrane were captured. The optimum Membrane is sample4 which had the highest value of permeate flux with 33.78 L/m2hr, it had removal percentage of 11.76% for salt rejection, decreased 12.42% in conductivity from 3.3 S/m to 2.89 S/m, and it was able to withstand 48 kN/m2 at strain value of 3.6 m/m. The optimum sample 4 has formed a microfiltration membrane with average 3.23 μm pore size which is successfully filter out particles in the wastewater, where it could remove 44.27% turbidity, 23.08% TSS, 14.29% COD, 4.73% TDS, 4.79% conductivity, 4.34% pH and 13.04% colour.","PeriodicalId":42396,"journal":{"name":"Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75290560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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