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2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings最新文献

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Lung nodule volume measurement using digital chest tomosynthesis 数字胸层析成像仪测量肺结节体积
D. Hadhazi, Benjamin Czétényi, Á. Horváth, G. Orbán, G. Horváth, Á. Horváth
Lung cancer detection is one of the most important goals of medical diagnosis. To detect lung nodules usually classical X-ray and/or computed tomography (CT) images are used. The progression of the disease can be monitored if the doubling time of the volume of a pulmonary nodule is determined and followed, which means that the volume of a nodule has to be measured/estimated. To measure the nodule volume using classical X-ray images is almost impossible, while a CT-based diagnosis is rather expensive. Recently a new radiological image-based modality, digital tomosynthesis (DTS) has been developed. DTS can be considered as a 2.5D modality, where coronal slice images of a chest can be computed. The spatial resolution of a DTS image is much higher than that of a CT image, while the thickness of a slice is larger compared to a CT image. Thus DTS can also be used to determine lung nodule volumes although -because of the 2.5D reconstruction - volume estimation is a rather hard task. This paper proposes a new way for estimating nodule volume. The method was developed using an experimental database, which contains reconstructed images of 16 simulated small, elliptical nodules, placed into an anthropomorphic chest phantom, and was evaluated by a few real DTS images and an image base made from simulated projections from a public CT database.
肺癌的检测是医学诊断的重要目标之一。为了检测肺结节,通常使用经典的x射线和/或计算机断层扫描(CT)图像。如果确定并遵循肺结节体积加倍的时间,则可以监测疾病的进展,这意味着必须测量/估计结节的体积。使用经典x线图像测量结节体积几乎是不可能的,而基于ct的诊断相当昂贵。最近发展了一种新的基于放射图像的模式,数字断层合成(DTS)。DTS可以被认为是一种2.5D模式,其中可以计算胸部的冠状切片图像。DTS图像的空间分辨率远高于CT图像,而切片的厚度也比CT图像大。因此,DTS也可用于确定肺结节体积,尽管-由于2.5D重建-体积估计是一个相当困难的任务。本文提出了一种估算结节体积的新方法。该方法是利用一个实验数据库开发的,该数据库包含16个模拟的小椭圆结节的重建图像,这些图像被放置在拟人化的胸部幻象中,并通过一些真实的DTS图像和来自公共CT数据库的模拟投影的图像库进行评估。
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引用次数: 5
Path reconstruction based on gyroscope bias estimation using GPS 基于GPS陀螺仪偏置估计的路径重建
Istvan Engedy, G. Horváth
This paper presents a method for path reconstruction from logged MEMS gyroscope and odometer measurements, through the estimation of the gyroscope bias from GPS data. The bias estimation is done by minimizing the distance between the reconstructed path and the external reference positions (GPS) by tuning the bias with common minimization methods. Both gradient based and quasi-Newton minimization methods are investigated. An efficient quaternion based mathematical model of the problem is presented. The path produced by the proposed method has higher spatial and temporal resolution than the GPS path, it is more accurate than a path from a purely inertial measurement unit and it is at least as accurate as the GPS path, according to real-life experiment.
本文提出了一种基于MEMS陀螺仪和里程表测量数据的路径重建方法,该方法通过GPS数据估计陀螺仪的偏差。偏差估计是通过利用常用的最小化方法调整偏差,使重构路径与外部参考位置(GPS)之间的距离最小化来实现的。研究了基于梯度的最小化方法和拟牛顿最小化方法。提出了一种有效的基于四元数的数学模型。实际实验表明,该方法产生的路径具有比GPS路径更高的空间和时间分辨率,比纯惯性测量单元产生的路径精度更高,至少与GPS路径精度相当。
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引用次数: 1
Dissolved hydrogen detection in power transformer based on etched fiber Bragg grating 基于刻蚀光纤光栅的电力变压器溶解氢检测
Jun Jiang, Hong-Tu Song, G. Ma, Cheng-Rong Li, Ying-Ting Luo, Hong-Bin Wang
Due to aging and degrading of insulation oil in power transformers, dissolved hydrogen, as a typical fault gas, would produce accompanied by discharges or overheating. Palladium (Pd) film deposited on the surface of chemically etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as sensing element by magnetron sputtering process is proposed in this paper. Volume expands when Pd film with 560nm thickness absorbs hydrogen molecules and wavelength shift caused by the strain could be measured. In this principle, hydrogen of low concentration can be obtained through wavelength shift of FBG. Different aspects have been taken into consideration including membrane thickness, polyimide coating and cladding diameter to obtain satisfactory sensitivity. Experimental results in the lab showed that this developed hydrogen could detect 30 μL/L at 1 pm approximately, which proved to be a prospective sensor as a on-line method to be utilized in power transformers.
由于电力变压器绝缘油的老化和降解,溶解氢作为一种典型的故障气体,会伴随放电或过热产生。采用磁控溅射技术,在化学蚀刻光纤光栅(FBG)表面沉积钯膜作为传感元件。当厚度为560nm的钯膜吸收氢分子时,其体积膨胀,并可测量到应变引起的波长位移。在这种原理下,通过光纤光栅的波长位移可以获得低浓度的氢气。为了获得满意的灵敏度,考虑了膜厚度、聚酰亚胺涂层和包层直径等不同方面。实验结果表明,所研制的氢气在1 pm时可检测30 μL/L左右的气体,是一种有前途的在线传感器,可用于电力变压器中。
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引用次数: 11
Gas turbine sensor loop availability driven fall back strategies design 燃气轮机传感器回路可用性驱动退退策略设计
T. Addabbo, A. Fort, M. Mugnaini, V. Vignoli
The design of a new heavy duty gas turbine may imply the exploitation of well proven, as well as, of new sensing technologies and approaches. Nevertheless a key driving point in bringing on the market some innovation resides in the opportunity to implement a flexible sensing system able to optimize the existing compromise among performance, safety, reliability, availability and maintenance (RAMS) parameters. This problem can be solved addressing the possible fall back strategies in case of single or multiple sensors failures through reliability and availability modeling. In this paper, an approach on the modeling of actual sensor configuration dynamic apportionment is presented by means of phase diagrams representation, with the aim of evaluating the advantages and the drawbacks linked to the choice of a certain sensing configuration despite of the sensor technology and relying on failure modes and failure and repair rates knowledge. The simulation results are presented for three different possible sensors configurations on a selected sensor monitoring chain used in gas turbine systems.
一种新的重型燃气轮机的设计可能意味着充分证明,以及新的传感技术和方法的开发。然而,将一些创新推向市场的关键驱动点在于实现灵活的传感系统的机会,该系统能够优化现有的性能、安全性、可靠性、可用性和维护(RAMS)参数之间的折衷。通过可靠性和可用性建模,可以解决单个或多个传感器故障时可能的回退策略。本文提出了一种用相图表示实际传感器配置动态分配的建模方法,目的是评估在传感器技术不同的情况下,依靠故障模式、故障和修复率知识选择某一传感配置的优缺点。给出了燃气轮机系统中传感器监测链上三种不同传感器配置的仿真结果。
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引用次数: 2
Microwave sensing of sand production from petroleum wells 油井出砂的微波传感技术
Jaswanth N. Vutukury, K. Donnell, Steven Hilgedick
Sand production in petroleum wells is a major concern for the petroleum industry. Sand production results in erosion of pipelines and damage to equipment which may lead to production shutdown and large economic losses. Detection of produced sand is important for optimizing flow rates and measuring the success of sand mitigation techniques. Recently, microwave nondestructive testing was considered as a potential new sensing solution for the detection of sand production. This paper presents preliminary simulations and measurements for such a sensing approach using open-ended waveguides. Different production scenarios are considered for a stratified flow regime. The results indicate that this sensing method can detect the presence of sand. Preliminary measurements are also presented for varying amounts of sand that further support the potential of this technique.
油井出砂是石油工业关注的主要问题。出砂会导致管道的侵蚀和设备的损坏,从而可能导致停产和巨大的经济损失。检测出砂对于优化流量和衡量减砂技术的成功与否至关重要。近年来,微波无损检测被认为是一种潜在的新型出砂检测方法。本文介绍了使用开放式波导的这种传感方法的初步模拟和测量。对于分层流态,考虑了不同的生产方案。结果表明,该传感方法能够检测出砂粒的存在。此外,还介绍了不同砂量的初步测量结果,进一步证明了该技术的潜力。
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引用次数: 6
Bond graph for design improvement of a multivariate sensor 多变量传感器设计改进的键合图
Xinyao Tang, R. Gao, Zhaoyan Fan, D. Kazmer
This paper describes a wireless data transmission technique using acoustic waves as the information carrier for on-line injection molding process measurements, including melt temperature, pressure, velocity and viscosity. A design scheme of the optimization of the input electrical impedance matching with the transmission system of the multivariate sensor based on the bond graph modeling approach is proposed. Bond graph models of each constituent component within the transmission system are established, where parameters regarding the properties of the piezo-material, layer thickness, and input electrical impedance could be manipulated easily. The effects of different combinations of capacitor and inductor that constitute the input electrical circuit are investigated. An optimal combination for electrical impedance matching is determined through bond graph simulation. This optimal solution improves the design of sensor circuits with the capability of generating the highest output gain or increasing the transmission distance under the same electrical excitation, meanwhile ensuring that the received signal has high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for further parameter retraction. Bond graphing has been shown as an effective approach for guiding the design of complex, cross-domain, and embedded sensing systems.
本文介绍了一种以声波为信息载体的无线数据传输技术,用于在线测量注塑过程中的熔体温度、压力、速度和粘度。提出了一种基于键合图建模方法的多变量传感器输入阻抗与传输系统匹配优化设计方案。建立了传输系统内各组成部件的键合图模型,其中关于压电材料特性、层厚和输入电阻抗的参数可以很容易地进行操作。研究了构成输入电路的电容器和电感的不同组合的影响。通过键合图仿真确定了电阻抗匹配的最优组合。该优化方案改进了传感器电路的设计,使其能够在相同的电激励下产生最高的输出增益或增加传输距离,同时保证接收到的信号具有较高的信噪比(SNR),便于进一步的参数回收。键合图已被证明是指导设计复杂、跨域和嵌入式传感系统的有效方法。
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引用次数: 0
Signal conditioning of a resistive potentiometric displacement sensor with a floating slide 带有浮动滑块的电阻式电位位移传感器的信号调理
Srinivas Rana, B. George, V. Kumar
Resistive potentiometric type displacement sensors suffer wear and tear due to the sliding contact. The wear and tear can be reduced considerably by using a floating, contactless slide. The coupling capacitor that arises due to the use of a floating slide makes it difficult to obtain an output that linearly varies with the displacement. A signal conditioning circuit presented in this work operates on a resistive potentiometer type displacement sensor element with a floating slide and provides an output that is directly proportional to the displacement of the slide. Apart from the displacement, the output from the signal conditioning circuit depends only on a couple of dc reference voltages thus ensuring a good degree of accuracy and linearity. The results obtained from simulation studies and experimentation performed on a prototype unit built and tested establishes the efficacy of the proffered method.
电阻式电位式位移传感器由于滑动接触而遭受磨损。使用浮动的非接触式滑动片可以大大减少磨损。由于使用浮动滑块而产生的耦合电容使得很难获得随位移线性变化的输出。本研究中提出的信号调理电路工作在带有浮动滑块的电阻电位器式位移传感器元件上,并提供与滑块位移成正比的输出。除了位移,信号调理电路的输出仅依赖于一对直流参考电压,从而确保了良好的精度和线性度。仿真研究和在原型装置上进行的实验结果证实了所提方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 7
Mid-infrared optical tomography for imaging through petroleum: A feasibility study 中红外光学层析成像石油:可行性研究
T. P. Vendruscolo, R. Patyk, Guilherme Dutra, C. Martelli, R. Morales, M. J. Silva
The feasibility of generating tomographic images of objects inside crude oil is investigated in this paper. Crude oil in the visible spectrum usually appears as black oil. Nevertheless, in the mid-infrared range, crude oil presents bands of high transmission. These windows of opportunities are explored to obtain data for generating cross-section images. In this paper, a first generation tomograph (containing one radiation source and one detector) is setup and applied to visualize objects inside a typical crude oil sample from a Brazilian reservoir. Reconstructed images based on standard filtered back-projection algorithm for phantom measurements show very promising results.
本文研究了生成原油内部物体层析成像的可行性。原油在可见光谱中通常表现为黑色原油。然而,在中红外波段,原油呈现出高透射波段。探索这些机会窗口以获取生成截面图像的数据。本文建立了第一代层析成像仪(包含一个辐射源和一个探测器),并将其应用于巴西油藏典型原油样品内的物体可视化。基于标准滤波反投影算法的重建图像显示出很好的效果。
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引用次数: 1
An innovative method of train integrity monitoring through wireless sensor network 一种基于无线传感器网络的列车完整性监测创新方法
B. Allotta, P. D'Adamio, D. Faralli, S. Papini, L. Pugi
Detection of train integrity is a very important research matter affecting safety and more generally railway engineering. Actually the ETCS Level 1 and 2 provide the train integrity and localization functionalities by using track circuits and/or axle counter systems: the problem of these solutions is represented by the high cost of track circuit and axle counter installation, taking into account even the related equipment management. This paper shows the study, design and realization of an innovative method to detect the train integrity, by using the wireless technology. the reference scenario is referred to ERTMS / ETCS (European Rail Traffic Management System / European Train Control System), which defines the modalities for the exchange of signalling information between the track side and on board rail vehicle. In particular, reference is made to a ground subsystem (SST) that implements the ETCS Level 3 only. The designed wireless system is referred to a general freight train that don't have the electric energy on board or at least a low power of energy: for each wagon a logic of vehicle has been implemented to manage the information, instead the communication between neighbouring wagons has been managed by a wireless loop communication, standardized by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The definition of a board logic to realize the train integrity represents an innovation respect the actual state of art technology, that does not consider this thematic. At the end, a graphic interface has been developed so as to verify the functionality and the diagnostic characteristics of the proposed control logic.
列车完整性检测是影响安全乃至整个铁路工程的重要研究课题。实际上,ETCS 1级和2级通过使用轨道电路和/或轴计数器系统提供列车完整性和本地化功能:这些解决方案的问题是轨道电路和轴计数器安装的高成本,甚至考虑到相关的设备管理。本文研究、设计并实现了一种利用无线技术进行列车完整性检测的创新方法。参考方案是ERTMS / ETCS(欧洲铁路交通管理系统/欧洲列车控制系统),它定义了轨道侧和轨道车辆之间信号信息交换的模式。特别地,参考了仅实现ETCS Level 3的地面子系统(SST)。所设计的无线系统指的是一列没有电能或至少是低功率电能的普通货运列车:每节车厢都实现了一个车辆逻辑来管理信息,而相邻车厢之间的通信则通过IEEE 802.15.4标准标准化的无线环路通信来管理。板逻辑实现列车完整性的定义代表了一种创新,尊重当前技术的现状,即不考虑这个主题。最后,开发了一个图形界面,以验证所提出的控制逻辑的功能和诊断特性。
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引用次数: 9
An algorithm for data-driven prognostics based on statistical analysis of condition monitoring data on a fleet level 一种基于车队状态监测数据统计分析的数据驱动预测算法
S. Turrin, Subanatarajan Subbiah, G. Leone, L. Cristaldi
The availability of condition monitoring data for large sets of homogeneous products (in the following referred as a fleet) motivates the development of new data-driven prognostic algorithms. In this paper, an intuitive and an innovative data-driven algorithm to predict the health and, consequently, the Residual Useful Lifetime (RUL) of a product are proposed. The algorithm is based on the extraction and exploitation of knowledge at a fleet level. The fleet-specific usage and the degradation profile are extracted by statistically analyzing the condition monitoring data of all the products that's belongs to the fleet. The extracted knowledge, in terms of statistical distribution of health condition and sampling time, is then exploited to predict the health and RUL of a product in the fleet. The algorithm described in this paper is able to predict the RUL of a product with a good credibility even for observation window lengths that are smaller compared to the lifetime of the product.
大量同质产品(以下称为机群)的状态监测数据的可用性促使开发新的数据驱动的预测算法。本文提出了一种直观和创新的数据驱动算法来预测产品的健康状况,从而预测产品的剩余使用寿命(RUL)。该算法基于舰队级知识的提取和利用。通过统计分析车队所有产品的状态监测数据,提取车队特定的使用情况和退化概况。根据健康状况和采样时间的统计分布,提取的知识然后用于预测船队中产品的健康和RUL。本文所描述的算法能够以良好的可信度预测产品的RUL,即使观测窗口长度小于产品的寿命。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings
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