Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151540
A. Ferrero, M. Prioli, S. Salicone
A still open issue, in uncertainty evaluation, is that of asymmetrical distributions of the values that can be attributed to the measurand. This problem becomes generally not negligible when the measurement function is highly non-linear. In this case the law of uncertainty propagation suggested by the GUM is not correct any longer, and only Monte Carlo simulations can be used to obtain such distributions. This paper shows how this problem can be solved in a quite immediate way when measurement results are expressed in terms of Random-Fuzzy Variables. Under this approach, also non-random contributions to uncertainty can be considered. An example of application is reported and the results compared with those obtained by means of Monte Carlo simulations, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
{"title":"Uncertainty propagation through non-linear measurement functions by means of joint Random-Fuzzy Variables","authors":"A. Ferrero, M. Prioli, S. Salicone","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151540","url":null,"abstract":"A still open issue, in uncertainty evaluation, is that of asymmetrical distributions of the values that can be attributed to the measurand. This problem becomes generally not negligible when the measurement function is highly non-linear. In this case the law of uncertainty propagation suggested by the GUM is not correct any longer, and only Monte Carlo simulations can be used to obtain such distributions. This paper shows how this problem can be solved in a quite immediate way when measurement results are expressed in terms of Random-Fuzzy Variables. Under this approach, also non-random contributions to uncertainty can be considered. An example of application is reported and the results compared with those obtained by means of Monte Carlo simulations, showing the effectiveness of the proposed approach.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132044273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151269
Georgios Birpoutsoukis, J. Schoukens
Modeling of nonlinear dynamic systems constitutes one of the most challenging topics in the field of system identifi- cation. One way to describe the nonlinear behavior of a process is by use of the nonparametric Volterra Series representation. The drawback of this method lies in the fact that the number of parameters to be estimated increases fast with the number of lags considered for the description of the several impulse responses. The result is that the estimated parameters admit a very large variance leading to a very uncertain description of the nonlinear system. In this paper, inspired from the regularization techniques that have been applied to one-dimensional (1-D) impulse responses for a linear time invariant (LTI) system, we present a method to estimate efficiently finite Volterra kernels. The latter is achieved by constraining the estimated parameters appropriately during the identification step in a way that prior knowledge about the to-be-estimated kernels is reflected on the resulting model. The enormous benefit for the identification of Volterra kernels due to the regularization is illustrated with a numerical example.
{"title":"Nonparametric volterra kernel estimation using regularization","authors":"Georgios Birpoutsoukis, J. Schoukens","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151269","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling of nonlinear dynamic systems constitutes one of the most challenging topics in the field of system identifi- cation. One way to describe the nonlinear behavior of a process is by use of the nonparametric Volterra Series representation. The drawback of this method lies in the fact that the number of parameters to be estimated increases fast with the number of lags considered for the description of the several impulse responses. The result is that the estimated parameters admit a very large variance leading to a very uncertain description of the nonlinear system. In this paper, inspired from the regularization techniques that have been applied to one-dimensional (1-D) impulse responses for a linear time invariant (LTI) system, we present a method to estimate efficiently finite Volterra kernels. The latter is achieved by constraining the estimated parameters appropriately during the identification step in a way that prior knowledge about the to-be-estimated kernels is reflected on the resulting model. The enormous benefit for the identification of Volterra kernels due to the regularization is illustrated with a numerical example.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"1064 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123163614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151348
Lazar Berbakov, Bogdan Pavković, S. Vranes
In this paper, we propose an architecture for autonomous indoor positioning system. In particular, we consider a system where motion sensors along with magnetometer and barometer are used to provide accurate positioning information even in environments without GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) coverage. We look more into implementation details of one particular block (step detection) on a smart-phone platform. Finally, we evaluate step detection performance in experimental setup.
{"title":"Smart-phone application for autonomous indoor positioning","authors":"Lazar Berbakov, Bogdan Pavković, S. Vranes","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151348","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an architecture for autonomous indoor positioning system. In particular, we consider a system where motion sensors along with magnetometer and barometer are used to provide accurate positioning information even in environments without GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) coverage. We look more into implementation details of one particular block (step detection) on a smart-phone platform. Finally, we evaluate step detection performance in experimental setup.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"136 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131284976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151597
Qi Wang, Hongjun Sun, Jianming Wang, Ronghua Zhang, Huaxiang Wang
Image reconstruction for electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a nonlinear problem. A generalized inverse operator is usually ill-posed and ill-conditioned. Therefore, the solutions for EIT are not unique and highly sensitive to the measurement noise. To improve the image quality, a new image reconstruction algorithm for EIT based on patch-based sparse representation is proposed. For each iterative step, the sparsifying dictionary optimization and image reconstruction are performed alternately. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated by simulation with noise for different conductivity distributions. It can tolerate a relatively high level of noise in the measured voltages of EIT.
{"title":"Reconstruction of EIT images via patch based sparse representation over learned dictionaries","authors":"Qi Wang, Hongjun Sun, Jianming Wang, Ronghua Zhang, Huaxiang Wang","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151597","url":null,"abstract":"Image reconstruction for electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a nonlinear problem. A generalized inverse operator is usually ill-posed and ill-conditioned. Therefore, the solutions for EIT are not unique and highly sensitive to the measurement noise. To improve the image quality, a new image reconstruction algorithm for EIT based on patch-based sparse representation is proposed. For each iterative step, the sparsifying dictionary optimization and image reconstruction are performed alternately. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated by simulation with noise for different conductivity distributions. It can tolerate a relatively high level of noise in the measured voltages of EIT.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133726926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151233
F. Knoll, Tim Holtorf, Marvin Schmidt, S. Hussmann
In machine vision applications, Time-of-Flight (TOF) sensors like the Photonic Mixer Devices (PMD) became considerable alternatives to common 3D sensing devices. Because of the enormous progress in TOF-vision systems, nowadays 3D matrix cameras can be used for many applications such as robotic, automotive, industrial, medical and multimedia applications. This paper focuses on the use of ToF cameras for agricultural applications in organic farming. In this paper a plant root exit point search algorithm for weed control applications is proposed. The plant root exit point of weeds must be known to allow a proper elimination. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation and experimental results.
{"title":"Plant root exit point search algorithm for weed control applications in organic farming","authors":"F. Knoll, Tim Holtorf, Marvin Schmidt, S. Hussmann","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151233","url":null,"abstract":"In machine vision applications, Time-of-Flight (TOF) sensors like the Photonic Mixer Devices (PMD) became considerable alternatives to common 3D sensing devices. Because of the enormous progress in TOF-vision systems, nowadays 3D matrix cameras can be used for many applications such as robotic, automotive, industrial, medical and multimedia applications. This paper focuses on the use of ToF cameras for agricultural applications in organic farming. In this paper a plant root exit point search algorithm for weed control applications is proposed. The plant root exit point of weeds must be known to allow a proper elimination. The performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulation and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115509403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151241
H. Gassara, F. Rouissi, A. Ghazel
This paper presents a novel stochastic model for the impulsive noise measured in the narrowband indoor Power Line Communication (PLC) environment. Based on extensive measurements carried out inside several buildings, the impulsive noise has been characterized and modelled for the low frequency range transmission over power lines. An appropriate method has been used to finely extract pulses and their characteristic parameters, and four different classes has been defined with adequate parametric models based on empirical approach. Class 1 pulses, which correspond to single pulses in the form of damping sinusoids, present the majority of the extracted pulses. These pulses, with pseudo-frequencies below 500 kHz, have been statistically modelled by fitting the model parameters deduced from measurements with proper distribution functions. This stochastic modelling is useful for generating impulsive noise in order to assess the performance of narrowband communication chains and to improve the design of PLC systems operating in the CENELEC/FCC/ARIB low frequency bands.
{"title":"A Novel Stochastic Model for the Impulsive Noise in the Narrowband Indoor PLC Environment","authors":"H. Gassara, F. Rouissi, A. Ghazel","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151241","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel stochastic model for the impulsive noise measured in the narrowband indoor Power Line Communication (PLC) environment. Based on extensive measurements carried out inside several buildings, the impulsive noise has been characterized and modelled for the low frequency range transmission over power lines. An appropriate method has been used to finely extract pulses and their characteristic parameters, and four different classes has been defined with adequate parametric models based on empirical approach. Class 1 pulses, which correspond to single pulses in the form of damping sinusoids, present the majority of the extracted pulses. These pulses, with pseudo-frequencies below 500 kHz, have been statistically modelled by fitting the model parameters deduced from measurements with proper distribution functions. This stochastic modelling is useful for generating impulsive noise in order to assess the performance of narrowband communication chains and to improve the design of PLC systems operating in the CENELEC/FCC/ARIB low frequency bands.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124179836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151553
D. Belega, D. Petri, D. Dallet
In this paper the accuracy of the sine-wave frequency estimator returned by an iterative Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform (IpDFT) algorithm based on a Maximum Sidelobe Decay (MSD) window is analyzed. The expressions for the contribution to the frequency estimation error of either the spectral interference from the sine-wave image component and wideband noise are derived. It is shown that two algorithm iterations ensure the minimum noise sensitivity achievable with the adopted window. The accuracy of the derived expressions is verified by means of computer simulations and validated by experimental results.
{"title":"Accuracy of sine-wave frequency estimation by an iterative Interpolated DFT algorithm","authors":"D. Belega, D. Petri, D. Dallet","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151553","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the accuracy of the sine-wave frequency estimator returned by an iterative Interpolated Discrete Fourier Transform (IpDFT) algorithm based on a Maximum Sidelobe Decay (MSD) window is analyzed. The expressions for the contribution to the frequency estimation error of either the spectral interference from the sine-wave image component and wideband noise are derived. It is shown that two algorithm iterations ensure the minimum noise sensitivity achievable with the adopted window. The accuracy of the derived expressions is verified by means of computer simulations and validated by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114774127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151384
C. Gugg, P. O’Leary
Underground construction projects require accurate techniques for machine guidance control. This paper presents an advanced design of a fully integrated active laser target (ALT), which is employed as an optical displacement and orientation sensor. The instrument is mounted on a tunnel boring machine (TBM) and delivers the TBM's pitch and yaw angles to a remote host system. The optical arrangement of the device includes a semitransparent glass target and an opaque aluminum target, whereby measures are taken to increase the sensitivity of red light. A red reference laser beam is projected onto both parallel targets; the positions of the laser spots are observed by two Power over Ethernet (PoE) enabled Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) cameras. A robust plane-to-plane mapping using projective transformation is presented together with a cross validation procedure, which evaluates the quality of the calibration. An a-priori estimation of measurement uncertainty can be given. The system level calibration process yields two sets of transformation coefficients, such that the distortion associated with the optical components and the inexactness of the mechanical construction are effectively canceled out. Multiple images are acquired for a single measurement and analyzed statistically to deliver a statement of measurement uncertainty in order to compensate for mechanical vibrations during the machine's operation.
{"title":"Robust machine vision based displacement analysis for tunnel boring machines","authors":"C. Gugg, P. O’Leary","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151384","url":null,"abstract":"Underground construction projects require accurate techniques for machine guidance control. This paper presents an advanced design of a fully integrated active laser target (ALT), which is employed as an optical displacement and orientation sensor. The instrument is mounted on a tunnel boring machine (TBM) and delivers the TBM's pitch and yaw angles to a remote host system. The optical arrangement of the device includes a semitransparent glass target and an opaque aluminum target, whereby measures are taken to increase the sensitivity of red light. A red reference laser beam is projected onto both parallel targets; the positions of the laser spots are observed by two Power over Ethernet (PoE) enabled Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) cameras. A robust plane-to-plane mapping using projective transformation is presented together with a cross validation procedure, which evaluates the quality of the calibration. An a-priori estimation of measurement uncertainty can be given. The system level calibration process yields two sets of transformation coefficients, such that the distortion associated with the optical components and the inexactness of the mechanical construction are effectively canceled out. Multiple images are acquired for a single measurement and analyzed statistically to deliver a statement of measurement uncertainty in order to compensate for mechanical vibrations during the machine's operation.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115110278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151486
G. Fusiek, P. Orr, P. Niewczas
In this paper, we demonstrate through simulation a low-cost, high-speed optical voltage sensing system with a multiplexing capability. The scheme utilizes transducers based on a hybrid piezoelectric/optical construction, whereby the optical power reflected from dual-peak fiber Bragg gratings is modulated in response to an excitation voltage and monitored by photodetection while remaining robust to fluctuations in optical power and temperature. A dedicated solid-state interrogation system incorporating passive wavelength division multiplexing allows for high-speed measurement over the ac/dc voltage sensor array without the use of expensive components, such as tunable filters or lasers.
{"title":"Temperature-independent high-speed distributed voltage measurement using intensiometric FBG interrogation","authors":"G. Fusiek, P. Orr, P. Niewczas","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151486","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate through simulation a low-cost, high-speed optical voltage sensing system with a multiplexing capability. The scheme utilizes transducers based on a hybrid piezoelectric/optical construction, whereby the optical power reflected from dual-peak fiber Bragg gratings is modulated in response to an excitation voltage and monitored by photodetection while remaining robust to fluctuations in optical power and temperature. A dedicated solid-state interrogation system incorporating passive wavelength division multiplexing allows for high-speed measurement over the ac/dc voltage sensor array without the use of expensive components, such as tunable filters or lasers.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115120540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151319
Philip Necsulescu, K. Schilling
The paper presents an algorithm and simulation results for enhancing the communication network performance of a multiple mobile robot self-organizing Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). The approach is based on the signal strength between the operator, an autonomous robot, and a remotely operated robot. The paper focuses on a new approach for autonomous robot control using signal intensity for robot motion control rather than the usual position control or tracking control methods. This approach for self-organizing MANETs is intended to be used with the signal strength based routing protocol that has already been developed. The new approach is illustrated by simulation results that demonstrate an increased operational range for multiple robot deployment in a corridor.
{"title":"Automation of a multiple robot self-organizing multi-hop mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) using signal strength","authors":"Philip Necsulescu, K. Schilling","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151319","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents an algorithm and simulation results for enhancing the communication network performance of a multiple mobile robot self-organizing Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). The approach is based on the signal strength between the operator, an autonomous robot, and a remotely operated robot. The paper focuses on a new approach for autonomous robot control using signal intensity for robot motion control rather than the usual position control or tracking control methods. This approach for self-organizing MANETs is intended to be used with the signal strength based routing protocol that has already been developed. The new approach is illustrated by simulation results that demonstrate an increased operational range for multiple robot deployment in a corridor.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116388539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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