Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151430
Bryce Minger, G. Ferré, D. Dallet, É. Grivel, Loïc Fuché
This paper presents a spectrum-based method to estimate the integral non-linearity (INL) of an analog-to-digital converter. It relies on a previous work published in the literature that consists in expanding in Fourier series the analytical expression of a converter distorted signal output. The INL estimation process is then reduced to three operations: a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), a matrix inversion and an inverse DFT. In comparison with the initial approach, the algorithm proposed in this article reduces by two the set of parameters required to obtain the INL. This new method is validated on experimental data from the 12-bit ADC12D800RF converter run at 800MHz.
{"title":"An improved spectral approach to estimate the integral non-linearity of analog-to-digital converters","authors":"Bryce Minger, G. Ferré, D. Dallet, É. Grivel, Loïc Fuché","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151430","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a spectrum-based method to estimate the integral non-linearity (INL) of an analog-to-digital converter. It relies on a previous work published in the literature that consists in expanding in Fourier series the analytical expression of a converter distorted signal output. The INL estimation process is then reduced to three operations: a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), a matrix inversion and an inverse DFT. In comparison with the initial approach, the algorithm proposed in this article reduces by two the set of parameters required to obtain the INL. This new method is validated on experimental data from the 12-bit ADC12D800RF converter run at 800MHz.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121727722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151339
Jan Goos, E. Louarroudi, R. Pintelon
In many real-life systems, the dynamic behavior varies periodically in time, as a function of an external scheduling parameter. Although it is possible to capture these changing dynamics with a periodically time-varying model, no prediction can be made for a new trajectory of the time variation. In this paper, we extract a more general (non-parametric) parameter-varying model, from a set of periodically time-varying measurements on a parameter-varying bandpass filter.
{"title":"Generalizing periodically time-varying measurements with a parameter-varying input-output model","authors":"Jan Goos, E. Louarroudi, R. Pintelon","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151339","url":null,"abstract":"In many real-life systems, the dynamic behavior varies periodically in time, as a function of an external scheduling parameter. Although it is possible to capture these changing dynamics with a periodically time-varying model, no prediction can be made for a new trajectory of the time variation. In this paper, we extract a more general (non-parametric) parameter-varying model, from a set of periodically time-varying measurements on a parameter-varying bandpass filter.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131708302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151503
Giovanni Battista Rossi
A general probabilistic model of the measurement process is discussed, showing how it can address both static and dynamic measurements. Emphasis is placed on the latter and two main kinds of dynamic measurements are considered: direct, where the goal is to monitor a phenomenon over time, and indirect, where an alternative representation is sought, such as, typically, the spectrum. It is shown that both cases can be treated in the same framework, through a proper interpretation of the variables involved. Guidelines for the application of this approach are also provided.
{"title":"Toward a unified framework for static and dynamic measurements","authors":"Giovanni Battista Rossi","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151503","url":null,"abstract":"A general probabilistic model of the measurement process is discussed, showing how it can address both static and dynamic measurements. Emphasis is placed on the latter and two main kinds of dynamic measurements are considered: direct, where the goal is to monitor a phenomenon over time, and indirect, where an alternative representation is sought, such as, typically, the spectrum. It is shown that both cases can be treated in the same framework, through a proper interpretation of the variables involved. Guidelines for the application of this approach are also provided.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"468 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114542595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-07-09DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151499
F. W. Dietachmayr, Patrick A. Hölzl, B. Zagar, M. Nelhiebel
During their lifetime, power electronic components have to endure several million cycles of thermo-mechanical stress. In this context, the electrical interconnections between the die and the output pins are crucial. Usually, bond wires with diameters ranging from 400 μm to less than 50 μm are used to establish the electrical interconnections. Typically, due to the small diameters, redundant wires are necessary in order to guarantee the current-carrying rating of the device. In this particular case, commonly used electrical tests are not able to detect the loss of single wires. However, missing or not connected bond wires will result in a different magnetic field distribution surrounding the device. This paper presents a new measurement method based on a magneto-optical sensor to detect missing bond wires in a power MOSFET chip via magnetic field imaging. The Faraday effect is utilized, which enables us to resolve magnetic flux densities down to 127 nT with a spatial resolution of approximately 21.6 μm.
{"title":"Inspection of electrical interconnections within power ICs via magneto-optical imaging","authors":"F. W. Dietachmayr, Patrick A. Hölzl, B. Zagar, M. Nelhiebel","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151499","url":null,"abstract":"During their lifetime, power electronic components have to endure several million cycles of thermo-mechanical stress. In this context, the electrical interconnections between the die and the output pins are crucial. Usually, bond wires with diameters ranging from 400 μm to less than 50 μm are used to establish the electrical interconnections. Typically, due to the small diameters, redundant wires are necessary in order to guarantee the current-carrying rating of the device. In this particular case, commonly used electrical tests are not able to detect the loss of single wires. However, missing or not connected bond wires will result in a different magnetic field distribution surrounding the device. This paper presents a new measurement method based on a magneto-optical sensor to detect missing bond wires in a power MOSFET chip via magnetic field imaging. The Faraday effect is utilized, which enables us to resolve magnetic flux densities down to 127 nT with a spatial resolution of approximately 21.6 μm.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124646642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151475
W. Fan, Huaxiang Wang, Z. Cui
Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites derive their excellent mechanical strength, stiffness and electrical conductivity from carbon fibers. The internal damage of CFRP composites, such as fiber fracture and delamination, decreases the conductivity of composite laminates. The present study employs an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) method for monitoring damages in CFRP composites. Traditional EIT is not capable of extracting damage information when the medium is of highly anisotropic electrical conductivity. Therefore, considering the structure and the anisotropic electrical property of CFRPs, this paper presents a method of extracting the damage size and position for anisotropic CFRPs based on open EIT with 6 × 6 electrode array. Five current excitation strategies are compared and evaluated from the perspectives of both measurement and imaging precision. The results show that excited pairs with four intervals have better overall performances, which can provide effective basis for next research step of digging structural damage parameters.
{"title":"Damage detection of CFRP composites using open electrical impedance tomography","authors":"W. Fan, Huaxiang Wang, Z. Cui","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151475","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites derive their excellent mechanical strength, stiffness and electrical conductivity from carbon fibers. The internal damage of CFRP composites, such as fiber fracture and delamination, decreases the conductivity of composite laminates. The present study employs an electrical impedance tomography (EIT) method for monitoring damages in CFRP composites. Traditional EIT is not capable of extracting damage information when the medium is of highly anisotropic electrical conductivity. Therefore, considering the structure and the anisotropic electrical property of CFRPs, this paper presents a method of extracting the damage size and position for anisotropic CFRPs based on open EIT with 6 × 6 electrode array. Five current excitation strategies are compared and evaluated from the perspectives of both measurement and imaging precision. The results show that excited pairs with four intervals have better overall performances, which can provide effective basis for next research step of digging structural damage parameters.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115345373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151255
Jianjun Chen, Lijun Xu, Z. Cao, Xingbin Liu, Jinhai Hu
In this paper, a sensor of conductance probe is proposed to detect the electrical characteristics of the oil-water flow in vertical well. Statistic and wavelet packet decomposition are employed to extract the features of the voltage response of conductance probe. A method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector classification (SVC) is proposed to identify the flow patterns from the water-in-oil, transition, and oil-in-water flow patterns. Experiments were carried out in a 125 mm vertical well within the flow rate range of 10~200 m3/d and the water content range of 10~90% in Daqing Oilfield, China. Experimental results reveal that the optimal identification accuracy of training set is obtained as 100%, and that of testing set is achieved as 96.25%. Corresponding quantity of of principal component is 7, and cross validation accuracy is 95%. Consequently, the proposed method is feasible and effective to identify the flow patterns of oil-water flow using conductance probe sensor in vertical well.
{"title":"Identification of oil-water flow patterns using conductance probe in vertical well","authors":"Jianjun Chen, Lijun Xu, Z. Cao, Xingbin Liu, Jinhai Hu","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151255","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a sensor of conductance probe is proposed to detect the electrical characteristics of the oil-water flow in vertical well. Statistic and wavelet packet decomposition are employed to extract the features of the voltage response of conductance probe. A method based on principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector classification (SVC) is proposed to identify the flow patterns from the water-in-oil, transition, and oil-in-water flow patterns. Experiments were carried out in a 125 mm vertical well within the flow rate range of 10~200 m3/d and the water content range of 10~90% in Daqing Oilfield, China. Experimental results reveal that the optimal identification accuracy of training set is obtained as 100%, and that of testing set is achieved as 96.25%. Corresponding quantity of of principal component is 7, and cross validation accuracy is 95%. Consequently, the proposed method is feasible and effective to identify the flow patterns of oil-water flow using conductance probe sensor in vertical well.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115681189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151369
A. Marconato, J. Schoukens
The estimation of the impulse response of a linear dynamic system is of crucial importance in many measurement problems. When the task of collecting a large amount of measurements represents an expensive and time-consuming procedure, an accurate estimate needs to be extracted based on a short input/output data record. Well-tuned regularization methods are getting popular to improve the impulse response estimates in this and other situations, by reducing the model variance. Although it is commonly believed that the beneficial impact of regularization is mainly evident for short data records, in this paper it will be shown that this is also the case when a large amount of data is available. This surprising result is illustrated by Monte Carlo simulations comparing regularization and standard least squares.
{"title":"Impact of regularization in FIR estimation for short and long data records","authors":"A. Marconato, J. Schoukens","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151369","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of the impulse response of a linear dynamic system is of crucial importance in many measurement problems. When the task of collecting a large amount of measurements represents an expensive and time-consuming procedure, an accurate estimate needs to be extracted based on a short input/output data record. Well-tuned regularization methods are getting popular to improve the impulse response estimates in this and other situations, by reducing the model variance. Although it is commonly believed that the beneficial impact of regularization is mainly evident for short data records, in this paper it will be shown that this is also the case when a large amount of data is available. This surprising result is illustrated by Monte Carlo simulations comparing regularization and standard least squares.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"6 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115729977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151455
G. Bucci, F. Ciancetta, S. Dolce, E. Fiorucci, Flavio D'Innocenzo
In this manuscript, a low-cost power transducer, suitable for the implementation of electrical power meter, is presented. The current sensing unit is based on a Rogowski coil, while the voltage transduction is performed with an active voltage divider. An analog multiplier is adopted to generate the instantaneous power waveform. Active power and apparent power are measured with a digital multimeter. Each element of the proposed transducer has been experimentally characterized by means of reference instrumentation, and the results reported and discussed.
{"title":"A low-cost power transducer for transient currents","authors":"G. Bucci, F. Ciancetta, S. Dolce, E. Fiorucci, Flavio D'Innocenzo","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151455","url":null,"abstract":"In this manuscript, a low-cost power transducer, suitable for the implementation of electrical power meter, is presented. The current sensing unit is based on a Rogowski coil, while the voltage transduction is performed with an active voltage divider. An analog multiplier is adopted to generate the instantaneous power waveform. Active power and apparent power are measured with a digital multimeter. Each element of the proposed transducer has been experimentally characterized by means of reference instrumentation, and the results reported and discussed.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"223 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123041291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151235
Yumi Monma, L. S. Silva, J. Scharcanski
This paper presents a fast algorithm to segment moving objects in video sequences, as the first step of a fast object tracking system. It is based on the detection of level lines to detect closed objects contours in a scene. The detected objects are clustered using a combination of mean shift and ensemble clustering. The proposed method produces a temporal video segmentation in a fraction of the processing time required by comparable state-of-the-art particle-based methods.
{"title":"A fast algorithm for tracking moving objects based on spatio-temporal video segmentation and cluster ensembles","authors":"Yumi Monma, L. S. Silva, J. Scharcanski","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151235","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a fast algorithm to segment moving objects in video sequences, as the first step of a fast object tracking system. It is based on the detection of level lines to detect closed objects contours in a scene. The detected objects are clustered using a combination of mean shift and ensemble clustering. The proposed method produces a temporal video segmentation in a fraction of the processing time required by comparable state-of-the-art particle-based methods.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123055232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-05-11DOI: 10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151604
P. Procházka, F. Vanek
The paper deals with new non-contact measurement methods of stationary deflections of steam turbines blades under rotation. These methods are based on the properties of highly sensitive and accurate magnetoresistive sensors developed by the authors. Biaxial sensors enable measurements not only in the circumferential, but also in the axial direction, which is essential for the shrouded blades. Proposed methods were used for measurements of axial displacements at the blade root of the low-pressure turbine stages. Methods for measuring axial displacements of the shrouded blades at the tip are also presented. The description of the methods is completed by the signal records obtained by measurements at a real steam turbine.
{"title":"Non-contact measurement of stationary characteristics of shrouded steam turbine blades under rotation","authors":"P. Procházka, F. Vanek","doi":"10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/I2MTC.2015.7151604","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with new non-contact measurement methods of stationary deflections of steam turbines blades under rotation. These methods are based on the properties of highly sensitive and accurate magnetoresistive sensors developed by the authors. Biaxial sensors enable measurements not only in the circumferential, but also in the axial direction, which is essential for the shrouded blades. Proposed methods were used for measurements of axial displacements at the blade root of the low-pressure turbine stages. Methods for measuring axial displacements of the shrouded blades at the tip are also presented. The description of the methods is completed by the signal records obtained by measurements at a real steam turbine.","PeriodicalId":424006,"journal":{"name":"2015 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC) Proceedings","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116650874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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