Soil organic matter is the most often reported indicator of soil quality and productivity and an evidence of previous soil management. Therefore, in 2017, a laboratory incubation study was carried out in the experimental filed of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh under control condition at 25°C for 104 days to investigate the influence of long term manuring and fertilization on soil respiration by means of C mineralization. Soil samples were collected from floodplain soil with rice-rice cropping pattern at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) experimental farm having eight treatments. Long term (33 years) application of fertilizers and manure resulted in significant differences in soil organic carbon, total N content, and soil pH KCl between the treatments. The soil organic carbon and total N content varied among the different treatments from14.9 g OC kg-1 to 17.0 g OC kg-1 and1.60 g N kg-1 (control) to 1.78 g N kg-1 (application of NPK). The soil pH varied among the different treatments from 5.65(application of NK) to 4.89 (application of N). This result indicates that more stable organic carbon was formed in NPK treated soil which is less prone to decomposition if present crop management has been changed.
土壤有机质是最常被报道的土壤质量和生产力指标，也是过去土壤管理的证据。因此，2017年，在孟加拉国Mymensingh核农业研究所(BINA)试验田，在25°C的对照条件下，进行了104天的实验室孵化研究，通过C矿化的方式研究长期施肥对土壤呼吸的影响。在孟加拉国农业大学(BAU)试验农场采用8种处理方法采集了水稻-水稻种植模式的洪泛区土壤样品。长期(33年)施用化肥和有机肥导致土壤有机碳、全氮含量和土壤pH、KCl在不同处理间存在显著差异。不同处理土壤有机碳和全氮含量在14.9 ~ 17.0 g OC kg-1和1.60 g N kg-1(对照)~ 1.78 g N kg-1之间变化较大。不同处理的土壤pH值从5.65(施用NK)到4.89(施用N)变化较大。这表明，如果改变现有的作物管理方式，NPK处理的土壤形成了更多稳定的有机碳，不易分解。
{"title":"Long-term fertilization effect of organic carbon and total nitrogen on floodplain soil","authors":"Md. Wasim Akram Majharul Islam, Md. Forhad Hossain, M. Mia, Md. Shaidul Islam, Md. Saikat Hossain Bhuiyan, Joynulalam Talukder, M. Kader","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29703","url":null,"abstract":"Soil organic matter is the most often reported indicator of soil quality and productivity and an evidence of previous soil management. Therefore, in 2017, a laboratory incubation study was carried out in the experimental filed of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh under control condition at 25°C for 104 days to investigate the influence of long term manuring and fertilization on soil respiration by means of C mineralization. Soil samples were collected from floodplain soil with rice-rice cropping pattern at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) experimental farm having eight treatments. Long term (33 years) application of fertilizers and manure resulted in significant differences in soil organic carbon, total N content, and soil pH KCl between the treatments. The soil organic carbon and total N content varied among the different treatments from14.9 g OC kg-1 to 17.0 g OC kg-1 and1.60 g N kg-1 (control) to 1.78 g N kg-1 (application of NPK). The soil pH varied among the different treatments from 5.65(application of NK) to 4.89 (application of N). This result indicates that more stable organic carbon was formed in NPK treated soil which is less prone to decomposition if present crop management has been changed. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114956762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutant that can impair environmental quality and health, and consequent ecological risk. The study was aimed at determining the concentration and environmental status of PAHs in the soils and sediments of Onitsha metropolis and identify their probable source(s). Sixty samples of soils (44) and sediments (16) were collected for the study. Extraction of organics was facilitated by infusing the samples with dichloromethane and subjected to ultrasonic agitation. The analyses of the PAHs were undertaken using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Thirteen PAHs were detected in soils and sediments exhibiting varying concentration across several sampling locations. The concentration range (µg/kg) of the 13 identified PAHs in soil and sediments were Fluorene 0.00 - 122.2and 1.7-31.1; Anthracene, 0.0 – 55.3and 1.7 - 46.0; Phenathrene 1.0 – 2045.8and 22.2 – 266.2; Fluoranthene, 1.0 – 483.7and 13.4 – 602.9; Pyrene, 3.7 – 533.4and 14.1 – 531.8; Benzo [k]fluoranthene 1.0 – 166.5; 4.0 – 163.5; Benzo[a]anthracene, 1.0 - 222.0; 5.6 – 298; Benzo[b]fluoranthene, 1.1 – 502.6 and 14.1 – 452.9; Dibenz[ah]anthracene 1.0 – 33.4 and 1.0 37 0; Chrysene, 1.0 – 426.4and 10.0 – 385.6; Benzo [a] pyrene 1.0 – 502.6and 12.9 – 514.9 Benzo[ghi]perylene, 1.0 – 557.8and 14.9 – 326.0; Indeno[123-cd]pyrene 1.0 – 412.2and 1.0 – 37.0, respectively The fractional concentration of PAHs and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysed using Principal Component Analyses revealed different partitioning of the TOC and PAHs in soils and sediments. This indicated distinct sourcing of the TOC and PAHs in the environmental media. Relatively higher concentrations of PAHs were found in environment characterized by combustion activities such as waste dump sites, Mechanic and Metal Works environments. Pyrogenic (combustion) activities were indicted as the main contributors of the PAHs to the soils and sediments.
{"title":"Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon in Soils and Sediments in Onitsha area, Southeastern, Nigeria","authors":"Asowata Iyobosa.Timothy, Olatunji Akinade Shadrach","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29266","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental pollutant that can impair environmental quality and health, and consequent ecological risk. The study was aimed at determining the concentration and environmental status of PAHs in the soils and sediments of Onitsha metropolis and identify their probable source(s). Sixty samples of soils (44) and sediments (16) were collected for the study. Extraction of organics was facilitated by infusing the samples with dichloromethane and subjected to ultrasonic agitation. The analyses of the PAHs were undertaken using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).Thirteen PAHs were detected in soils and sediments exhibiting varying concentration across several sampling locations. The concentration range (µg/kg) of the 13 identified PAHs in soil and sediments were Fluorene 0.00 - 122.2and 1.7-31.1; Anthracene, 0.0 – 55.3and 1.7 - 46.0; Phenathrene 1.0 – 2045.8and 22.2 – 266.2; Fluoranthene, 1.0 – 483.7and 13.4 – 602.9; Pyrene, 3.7 – 533.4and 14.1 – 531.8; Benzo [k]fluoranthene 1.0 – 166.5; 4.0 – 163.5; Benzo[a]anthracene, 1.0 - 222.0; 5.6 – 298; Benzo[b]fluoranthene, 1.1 – 502.6 and 14.1 – 452.9; Dibenz[ah]anthracene 1.0 – 33.4 and 1.0 37 0; Chrysene, 1.0 – 426.4and 10.0 – 385.6; Benzo [a] pyrene 1.0 – 502.6and 12.9 – 514.9 Benzo[ghi]perylene, 1.0 – 557.8and 14.9 – 326.0; Indeno[123-cd]pyrene 1.0 – 412.2and 1.0 – 37.0, respectively The fractional concentration of PAHs and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) analysed using Principal Component Analyses revealed different partitioning of the TOC and PAHs in soils and sediments. This indicated distinct sourcing of the TOC and PAHs in the environmental media. Relatively higher concentrations of PAHs were found in environment characterized by combustion activities such as waste dump sites, Mechanic and Metal Works environments. Pyrogenic (combustion) activities were indicted as the main contributors of the PAHs to the soils and sediments. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116760709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-20DOI: 10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29772
U. Essien
Well log data from two wells were evaluated for shale volume, total and effective porosity. Well log data were obtained from gamma ray, neutron-density log, resistivity, sonic and caliper log respectively. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of shale volume, total and effective porosity form two well log data. The results of the analysis depict the presence of sand, sand-shale and shale formations. Hydrocarbon accumulation were found to be high in sand, fair in sand-shale and low in shale, since existence of shale reduces total and effective porosity and water saturation of the reservoir. The thickness of the reservoir ranged from 66 – 248.5ft. The average values of volume of shale, total and effective porosity values ranged from 0.004 – 0.299dec, 0.178 – 0.207dec and 0.154 – 0.194dec. Similarly, the water saturation and permeability ranged from 0.277 – 0.447dec and 36.637 - 7808.519md respectively. These values of total and effective porosity are high in sand, fair in sand-shale and low in shale formations. The results for this study demonstrate: accuracy, applicability of these approaches and enhance the proper evaluation of petrophysical parameters from well log data.
{"title":"Shale volume and porosity delineation of coast swamp depobelt in Niger delta region, Nigeria, using well log","authors":"U. Essien","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29772","url":null,"abstract":"Well log data from two wells were evaluated for shale volume, total and effective porosity. Well log data were obtained from gamma ray, neutron-density log, resistivity, sonic and caliper log respectively. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of shale volume, total and effective porosity form two well log data. The results of the analysis depict the presence of sand, sand-shale and shale formations. Hydrocarbon accumulation were found to be high in sand, fair in sand-shale and low in shale, since existence of shale reduces total and effective porosity and water saturation of the reservoir. The thickness of the reservoir ranged from 66 – 248.5ft. The average values of volume of shale, total and effective porosity values ranged from 0.004 – 0.299dec, 0.178 – 0.207dec and 0.154 – 0.194dec. Similarly, the water saturation and permeability ranged from 0.277 – 0.447dec and 36.637 - 7808.519md respectively. These values of total and effective porosity are high in sand, fair in sand-shale and low in shale formations. The results for this study demonstrate: accuracy, applicability of these approaches and enhance the proper evaluation of petrophysical parameters from well log data. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133852427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29132
T. Ajayi
CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers is a critical component of long-term storage options. It is suggested that the precipitation of mineral carbonates is mostly dependent on brine pH and is favoured above a basic pH of 9.0. However, brine pH will drop to acidic values once CO2 is injected into the brine. Therefore, there is a need to raise brine pH and maintain it stable. Synthetic brines were used here instead of natural brines because of the difficulty in obtaining and storing natural brines. Therefore, experiments were conducted to prepare a series of synthetic brines and to compare their suitability to natural brines for carbon sequestration. A typical formation rock (basalt) and a buffer solution (0.3M Tris buffer solution) were selected to buffer brine pH. The results show that synthetic brines prepared can be used as analogues to natural brines for carbon sequestration studies in terms of chemical composition and pH response. This study investigates the effect of iron ( ) in the pH of six synthetic brines prepared as analogue to oil-field brine by conducting a pH stability studies for CO2-brine experiment and CO2-basalt-brine experiment. In a subsequent step, studies were conducted to correlate how brine samples respond in the presence of basalt and the buffer solution. X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) analyses were also carried out to characterise the mineralogy of the synthetic brines. The result of the XRD confirmed that calcite was the major component that was dominated in the -brine–experiment while slight occurrence of calcite, iron oxyhydroxides and dolomite precipitated in the -rock-brine experiment. It was observed that ferric iron and its reaction with host rock (basalt) did not contribute to pH instability therefore making it suitable for precipitation of carbonate mineral while ferrous iron in the absence of host rock did not contribute to pH instability therefore making it also suitable for precipitation of carbonate mineral.
{"title":"Investigation of PH effect in a mixture of basalt and iron on co2 sequestration in synthetic brines","authors":"T. Ajayi","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29132","url":null,"abstract":"CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers is a critical component of long-term storage options. It is suggested that the precipitation of mineral carbonates is mostly dependent on brine pH and is favoured above a basic pH of 9.0. However, brine pH will drop to acidic values once CO2 is injected into the brine. Therefore, there is a need to raise brine pH and maintain it stable. Synthetic brines were used here instead of natural brines because of the difficulty in obtaining and storing natural brines. Therefore, experiments were conducted to prepare a series of synthetic brines and to compare their suitability to natural brines for carbon sequestration. A typical formation rock (basalt) and a buffer solution (0.3M Tris buffer solution) were selected to buffer brine pH. The results show that synthetic brines prepared can be used as analogues to natural brines for carbon sequestration studies in terms of chemical composition and pH response. This study investigates the effect of iron ( ) in the pH of six synthetic brines prepared as analogue to oil-field brine by conducting a pH stability studies for CO2-brine experiment and CO2-basalt-brine experiment. In a subsequent step, studies were conducted to correlate how brine samples respond in the presence of basalt and the buffer solution. X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD) analyses were also carried out to characterise the mineralogy of the synthetic brines. The result of the XRD confirmed that calcite was the major component that was dominated in the -brine–experiment while slight occurrence of calcite, iron oxyhydroxides and dolomite precipitated in the -rock-brine experiment. It was observed that ferric iron and its reaction with host rock (basalt) did not contribute to pH instability therefore making it suitable for precipitation of carbonate mineral while ferrous iron in the absence of host rock did not contribute to pH instability therefore making it also suitable for precipitation of carbonate mineral. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121431894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-04DOI: 10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29352
A. Hussain
Glacier surging is a common phenomenon in the Karakoram region, but the driving mechanisms, their occurrence and its relation to a changing climate remain are unclear. In this study, we use Sentinel imagery to quantify advancement of the Shispar glacier during a surge in 2018. Results reveal that Shispar glacier starts rapid surging from Jun 2018. The peak surge is in August 2018. Our data reveal that glacier dammed the Hassanabad stream as result lake formation in upstream area and drainage of the lake also blocked. The surging is continuing and size of newly formed glacier lake is also increasing day by day. Currently, the inflow to lake is very low due to low melting (negative temperature) from the upstream glacier. This inflow of glacier meltwater will be an increase in the summer season, which may grow in lake size and could pose threats to downstream settlements and infrastructure (irrigation channels, powerhouses and bridge at Karakoram Highway (KKH) in the case of a sudden breach in the form of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). Currently the damages the powerhouse channel and damage the irrigation channel of Aliabad Hunza. This study recommended that there is a need for monitoring of glacier lake size and blockage area using remote sensing data i.e. satellite images and UAV.
{"title":"A brief communication of shispar glacier surge in 2018, hunza river basin, Pakistan","authors":"A. Hussain","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29352","url":null,"abstract":"Glacier surging is a common phenomenon in the Karakoram region, but the driving mechanisms, their occurrence and its relation to a changing climate remain are unclear. In this study, we use Sentinel imagery to quantify advancement of the Shispar glacier during a surge in 2018. Results reveal that Shispar glacier starts rapid surging from Jun 2018. The peak surge is in August 2018. Our data reveal that glacier dammed the Hassanabad stream as result lake formation in upstream area and drainage of the lake also blocked. The surging is continuing and size of newly formed glacier lake is also increasing day by day. Currently, the inflow to lake is very low due to low melting (negative temperature) from the upstream glacier. This inflow of glacier meltwater will be an increase in the summer season, which may grow in lake size and could pose threats to downstream settlements and infrastructure (irrigation channels, powerhouses and bridge at Karakoram Highway (KKH) in the case of a sudden breach in the form of glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF). Currently the damages the powerhouse channel and damage the irrigation channel of Aliabad Hunza. This study recommended that there is a need for monitoring of glacier lake size and blockage area using remote sensing data i.e. satellite images and UAV. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125959702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-03DOI: 10.14419/ijag.v7i2.28303
Ohakwere-Eze M.C, M. Igboekwe, C. G.U.
Elastic impedance (EI) inversion is considered one of the newest methods being used today in geophysical interpretation. Preliminary interpretation carried on the well logs revealed a hydrocarbon bearing sand from 8780 to 8900 ft. The average porosity value is 39% which suggest good porosity values for oil and excellent for gas reservoirs. The matched total resistivity values are likewise very high at about 90 Ωm with a very low density at that depth. The logs were modelled by creating the EI near and EI far logs from the input Vp, Vs and density logs at a defined angle of incidence of 2.5 for near angle and 45.0 for far angle. The EI Far log is lower than the EI Near log in the interpreted depth but higher in the rest of the log. This is further revealed in the crossplot showing the mapped gas sand at depth between 8780 and 8900ft. Two Range limited stack were created from the seismic gathers with the first/near offset stack at 64m and second/far offset stack at 196m. From each stack, a model each was created to get the near EI model and far EI model respectively from which inversion was done to generate the near and far inversion results. There is an improved definition of the gas sand on the far angle inversion with a stronger contrast represented by low values at the mapped seismic time window which corresponds to the mapped gas sand at same depth. This was further revealed on the crossplot. Inserting the crossplot on the near-Inversion volume with the mapped zone, the visible top of gas on the zone of interest was noticed. This zone confirmed where the elastic impedance at far-offsets is lower than the elastic impedance at near-offsets moreover agreed with the Elastic Impedance results on the logs. The Elastic Impedance attribute and its inversion technique has shown it is a strong and suitable tool in exploitation of gas zones as it has optimized the area of the gas zone approved by well logging process.
{"title":"Improved definition of gas sand using elastic impedance attribute on an avo data over an x field, Nigerian Niger delta","authors":"Ohakwere-Eze M.C, M. Igboekwe, C. G.U.","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.28303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.28303","url":null,"abstract":"Elastic impedance (EI) inversion is considered one of the newest methods being used today in geophysical interpretation. Preliminary interpretation carried on the well logs revealed a hydrocarbon bearing sand from 8780 to 8900 ft. The average porosity value is 39% which suggest good porosity values for oil and excellent for gas reservoirs. The matched total resistivity values are likewise very high at about 90 Ωm with a very low density at that depth. The logs were modelled by creating the EI near and EI far logs from the input Vp, Vs and density logs at a defined angle of incidence of 2.5 for near angle and 45.0 for far angle. The EI Far log is lower than the EI Near log in the interpreted depth but higher in the rest of the log. This is further revealed in the crossplot showing the mapped gas sand at depth between 8780 and 8900ft. Two Range limited stack were created from the seismic gathers with the first/near offset stack at 64m and second/far offset stack at 196m. From each stack, a model each was created to get the near EI model and far EI model respectively from which inversion was done to generate the near and far inversion results. There is an improved definition of the gas sand on the far angle inversion with a stronger contrast represented by low values at the mapped seismic time window which corresponds to the mapped gas sand at same depth. This was further revealed on the crossplot. Inserting the crossplot on the near-Inversion volume with the mapped zone, the visible top of gas on the zone of interest was noticed. This zone confirmed where the elastic impedance at far-offsets is lower than the elastic impedance at near-offsets moreover agreed with the Elastic Impedance results on the logs. The Elastic Impedance attribute and its inversion technique has shown it is a strong and suitable tool in exploitation of gas zones as it has optimized the area of the gas zone approved by well logging process. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132522217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Small volcanoes and flows of Cainozoic basaltic lavas, containing numerous mantle peridotite xenoliths, outcrop at northern Ngaoundéré in Adamawa plateau. They are composed of arena of decimeter to meter in size of bowls and blocs of dark matrix, showing crystals of olivine, clinopyroxene and oxides. All lavas present microlitic porphyritic texture with euhedral to subhedral crystals of the same phases drowned in the matrix of the same minerals plus plagioclase microlites.Microprobe analyses show that olivine phenocrysts are relatively Fo-rich (80.9-84.3 %) compared to microphenocrysts and microcrysts (Fo71.1-75.9 %). Olivine xenocrysts are highly magnesian (83.9-89.8 %). Clinopyroxene are diopside and augite. Oxides crystals are Ti-magnetite and plagioclase are labradorite and bytownite.ICP-AES and ICP-MS whole rocks analyses show that the host peridotite basaltic lavas of northern Ngaoundéré are undersaturated basanites of typical alkaline lava series. They seem not contaminated by crustal materials. They are the results of low partial melting rate of the garnet mantle source located at more than 80 km depth. The eruptions of northern Ngaoundéré lavas have been facilitated by Pan African cracks and they have sampled the subcontinental lithospheric mantle as xenoliths at different pressures and depths on their way to the surface.
{"title":"Petrology of peridotite host basaltic lavas of northern Ngaoundéré (Adamawa plateau, Cameroon, Central Africa)","authors":"Njankouo Ndassa Zénab Nouraan, Nkouandou Oumarou Faarouk, Bardintzeff Jacques-Marie, Ganwa Alexandre Alembert, Fagny Mefire Aminatou, T. Arnaud","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.28941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.28941","url":null,"abstract":"Small volcanoes and flows of Cainozoic basaltic lavas, containing numerous mantle peridotite xenoliths, outcrop at northern Ngaoundéré in Adamawa plateau. They are composed of arena of decimeter to meter in size of bowls and blocs of dark matrix, showing crystals of olivine, clinopyroxene and oxides. All lavas present microlitic porphyritic texture with euhedral to subhedral crystals of the same phases drowned in the matrix of the same minerals plus plagioclase microlites.Microprobe analyses show that olivine phenocrysts are relatively Fo-rich (80.9-84.3 %) compared to microphenocrysts and microcrysts (Fo71.1-75.9 %). Olivine xenocrysts are highly magnesian (83.9-89.8 %). Clinopyroxene are diopside and augite. Oxides crystals are Ti-magnetite and plagioclase are labradorite and bytownite.ICP-AES and ICP-MS whole rocks analyses show that the host peridotite basaltic lavas of northern Ngaoundéré are undersaturated basanites of typical alkaline lava series. They seem not contaminated by crustal materials. They are the results of low partial melting rate of the garnet mantle source located at more than 80 km depth. The eruptions of northern Ngaoundéré lavas have been facilitated by Pan African cracks and they have sampled the subcontinental lithospheric mantle as xenoliths at different pressures and depths on their way to the surface. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127656098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-22DOI: 10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29055
T. Aga, I HarunaA.
The Kofayi Younger Granite Complex is one of the several anorogenic alkaline Younger Granite Complexes that is located approximately 45 kilometres north east of Jos, Nigeria. The complex is found to comprise of felsic rocks like; biotite-granites, biotite microgranites and granodiorites. They are also found to be associated with mafic rocks like diorites which, at some portions have formed hybrid rocks. Quartz- feldspar- granites are the porphyritic rocks that found in the ring complex. The complex intrude the basement rocks of central Nigeria. Structural trends on these rocks suggest that they were controlled by some deep seated structures of the basement. Mineral suite identified include; fayalite, pyroxene, amphibole, k-feldspar, biotite, quartz, iron- oxide and accessory minerals like zircon, apatite, and allanite. Generally, the petrography of these rock samples reveal the presence of a mafic magma which has two pulses (a mafic and felsic pulse) of injection.
{"title":"The field geology and petrography of the kofayi younger granite complex, central Nigeria","authors":"T. Aga, I HarunaA.","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v7i2.29055","url":null,"abstract":"The Kofayi Younger Granite Complex is one of the several anorogenic alkaline Younger Granite Complexes that is located approximately 45 kilometres north east of Jos, Nigeria. The complex is found to comprise of felsic rocks like; biotite-granites, biotite microgranites and granodiorites. They are also found to be associated with mafic rocks like diorites which, at some portions have formed hybrid rocks. Quartz- feldspar- granites are the porphyritic rocks that found in the ring complex. The complex intrude the basement rocks of central Nigeria. Structural trends on these rocks suggest that they were controlled by some deep seated structures of the basement. Mineral suite identified include; fayalite, pyroxene, amphibole, k-feldspar, biotite, quartz, iron- oxide and accessory minerals like zircon, apatite, and allanite. Generally, the petrography of these rock samples reveal the presence of a mafic magma which has two pulses (a mafic and felsic pulse) of injection. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115278400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-01DOI: 10.14419/ijag.v8i1.30338
M. M. A. Mondal, M. Bhuiyan
Twenty-eight established groundnut mutants and two check cultivars were studied during Kharif-I (March-June) season of 2017 and 2018 to find out their variability and distinct character(s) as identifying keys. All the mutant lines showed erect type sequential branching habits with two seeds in each pod although they had shown significant variability in all vegetative and reproductive structures. According to cluster analysis, 30 mutants/varieties clustered into three major groups at distance level 60 based on the morphological variability of 14 characters. The variability of 14 morphological characters in three principal components was explained by 98.12% of the total variation. The characters, 100-pod weight had the highest contribution followed by branch length, plant height and 100-kernel weight. Twenty-three mutant genotypes grouped into intermediate type of the extremes in any given identifying key characteristics. Only single genotype of the whole lot showed distinctively the longest primary branch and highest secondary branch number and small seed size (D1/24-29), highest primary branch number (M6/7-25), lowest primary branch number (Mut-2), highest leaflet length and light green leaf colour (Dhaka-1), presence of stem pigmentation and pod beak and highest number of seeds pod-1 (Zhingabadam), leaflet shape lanceolate (M6/54-20). In contrast, only two mutants of the lot showed two buds raceme-1 (M6/36-24 and M6/61-6), bolder pod and seed size and highly constricted pod (Mut-2 and Mut-3). The genotypes with the above distinguished characteristic featured for being ideal genetic markers and could be used in future breeding applications as well as aids in varietal identification.
{"title":"Morphological and reproductive characterization of developed mutants in groundnut","authors":"M. M. A. Mondal, M. Bhuiyan","doi":"10.14419/ijag.v8i1.30338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v8i1.30338","url":null,"abstract":"Twenty-eight established groundnut mutants and two check cultivars were studied during Kharif-I (March-June) season of 2017 and 2018 to find out their variability and distinct character(s) as identifying keys. All the mutant lines showed erect type sequential branching habits with two seeds in each pod although they had shown significant variability in all vegetative and reproductive structures. According to cluster analysis, 30 mutants/varieties clustered into three major groups at distance level 60 based on the morphological variability of 14 characters. The variability of 14 morphological characters in three principal components was explained by 98.12% of the total variation. The characters, 100-pod weight had the highest contribution followed by branch length, plant height and 100-kernel weight. Twenty-three mutant genotypes grouped into intermediate type of the extremes in any given identifying key characteristics. Only single genotype of the whole lot showed distinctively the longest primary branch and highest secondary branch number and small seed size (D1/24-29), highest primary branch number (M6/7-25), lowest primary branch number (Mut-2), highest leaflet length and light green leaf colour (Dhaka-1), presence of stem pigmentation and pod beak and highest number of seeds pod-1 (Zhingabadam), leaflet shape lanceolate (M6/54-20). In contrast, only two mutants of the lot showed two buds raceme-1 (M6/36-24 and M6/61-6), bolder pod and seed size and highly constricted pod (Mut-2 and Mut-3). The genotypes with the above distinguished characteristic featured for being ideal genetic markers and could be used in future breeding applications as well as aids in varietal identification. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114564894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-27DOI: 10.14419/IJAG.V7I1.16539
Nwosu Jacinta Chiemela, L. Nwosu, G. Chukwu
A Vertical Electrical resistivity Sounding (VES) survey was carried out, to study the groundwater supply potential, protective capacity and soil corrosivity of aquifers in Ikeduru Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) geoelectric soundings were acquired. Schlumberger electrode configuration was used in acquiring the data. Six to seven geoelectric layers were delineated from the interpreted results, the Aquifers were delineated between the fifth and sixth geoelectric layers, having an apparent resistivity above 1000Ωm, with the highest thick of 69.0m at a depth of 144.0m. Longitudinal Conductance, Hydraulic Conductivity, Transmissivity and Product Conductance range are as followings for the aquifers; 1.720 – 127.000 x 10-3Ω-1, 15.90 – 188.79m/day, 1093.3 – 1097.1m2/day and 2.590 – 252.50 x 10-3 respectively. Inferring from our hydraulic parameters, all the aquiferous zones have very high designation, wwithdrawal of great regional importance of groundwater supply potential and practically noncorrosive, soil corrosivity. 40% percentage of the aquiferous units have very good protective capacity, while for excellent and good protective capacity of the study are is 30%. All the VES points are said to be a very viable potential for safe source for groundwater exploration.
{"title":"Evaluation of groundwater supply potential from hydraulic parameters estimated from vertical electrical sounding (VES) in Ikeduru, south east Nigeria","authors":"Nwosu Jacinta Chiemela, L. Nwosu, G. Chukwu","doi":"10.14419/IJAG.V7I1.16539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/IJAG.V7I1.16539","url":null,"abstract":"A Vertical Electrical resistivity Sounding (VES) survey was carried out, to study the groundwater supply potential, protective capacity and soil corrosivity of aquifers in Ikeduru Local Government Area of Imo state, Nigeria. A total of ten (10) geoelectric soundings were acquired. Schlumberger electrode configuration was used in acquiring the data. Six to seven geoelectric layers were delineated from the interpreted results, the Aquifers were delineated between the fifth and sixth geoelectric layers, having an apparent resistivity above 1000Ωm, with the highest thick of 69.0m at a depth of 144.0m. Longitudinal Conductance, Hydraulic Conductivity, Transmissivity and Product Conductance range are as followings for the aquifers; 1.720 – 127.000 x 10-3Ω-1, 15.90 – 188.79m/day, 1093.3 – 1097.1m2/day and 2.590 – 252.50 x 10-3 respectively. Inferring from our hydraulic parameters, all the aquiferous zones have very high designation, wwithdrawal of great regional importance of groundwater supply potential and practically noncorrosive, soil corrosivity. 40% percentage of the aquiferous units have very good protective capacity, while for excellent and good protective capacity of the study are is 30%. All the VES points are said to be a very viable potential for safe source for groundwater exploration. ","PeriodicalId":424421,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Advanced Geosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125565160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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