Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1392
Elizabeth Acosta-Gonzaga, Aldo Ramirez-Arellano
The issue of school dropout involves factors such as students’ engagement that can predict his or her success in school. It has been shown that student engagement has three components: behavioral, emotional and cognitive. Motivation and engagement are strongly related since the former is a precursor of engagement. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of linear regression against two data mining techniques to predict the students’ academic performance in higher education. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 222 students from a public higher education institution in Mexico city. An analysis of hierarchical linear regression (LR) and learning analytics techniques such as neural networks (NN) and support vector machine (SVM) was conducted. To assess the accuracy of the learning analytics techniques, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out. The techniques were compared using cross validation. The results showed that behavioral engagement and self-efficacy had positive effects on student achievements, while passivity showed a negative effect. Likewise, the LR and SVM techniques had the same performance on predicting students’ achievements. The LR has the advantage of producing a simple and easy model. On the contrary, the SVM technique generates a more complex model. Although, if the model were aimed to forecast the performance, the SVM technique would be the most appropriate, since it does not require to verify any statistical assumption.
{"title":"Estudio comparativo de técnicas de analítica del aprendizaje para predecir el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de educación superior","authors":"Elizabeth Acosta-Gonzaga, Aldo Ramirez-Arellano","doi":"10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1392","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of school dropout involves factors such as students’ engagement that can predict his or her success in school. It has been shown that student engagement has three components: behavioral, emotional and cognitive. Motivation and engagement are strongly related since the former is a precursor of engagement. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of linear regression against two data mining techniques to predict the students’ academic performance in higher education. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 222 students from a public higher education institution in Mexico city. An analysis of hierarchical linear regression (LR) and learning analytics techniques such as neural networks (NN) and support vector machine (SVM) was conducted. To assess the accuracy of the learning analytics techniques, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out. The techniques were compared using cross validation. The results showed that behavioral engagement and self-efficacy had positive effects on student achievements, while passivity showed a negative effect. Likewise, the LR and SVM techniques had the same performance on predicting students’ achievements. The LR has the advantage of producing a simple and easy model. On the contrary, the SVM technique generates a more complex model. Although, if the model were aimed to forecast the performance, the SVM technique would be the most appropriate, since it does not require to verify any statistical assumption.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"63-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43946439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1332
Roselia Ramírez-Díaz, R. Pinto-Ruiz, Francisco Medina-Jonapá, F. Guevara-Hernández
The action of inoculants and additives on the chemical composition and ruminal degradation of sorghum silage dry matter (DM) has already been reported. However, the effect that these have on the microbial activity and, therefore, on its potential for assimilation at the ruminal level is unknown. For that reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of inoculants and additives in silage of the entire plant of Sorghum sp. on fractions of ruminal fermentation and in vitro degradation. The experimental design was completely random, with 7 treatments (3 inoculants, 2 additives and a combination of inoculate with additive) and 21 repetitions per treatment. Different types of inoculants and additives were used in the process of sorghum silage: cheese whey, yogurt, phosphoric acid, Lactobacillus plantarum and mineral mixture. After 60 d of fermentation, dry matter (DM), hydrogen potential (Hp), crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter degradation to 24 h (IVDMD), parameters of fermentation kinetics (Vmax= maximum volume L = lag phase, S = fermentation rate) and fractional volume (rapid fermentation = 0 h to 8 h, intermediate = 8 h to 24 h and slow = 24 h to 72 h) were quantified through the in vitro gas production technique. The results indicated that the inoculants and additives modified the chemical composition, the L parameters, Vmax, IVDMD and the rapid and intermediate fermentation fractions (P < 0.05). The use of cheese whey and L. plantarum as inoculants in sorghum silage reduced the loss of CP; and, overall, the use of inoculants and additives improved silage Hp; however, it decreased the use of rapid and intermediate fermentation fractions, modified the fermentation potential of the silage and provoked a negative effect on the IVDMD.
{"title":"Efecto de inoculantes y aditivos sobre fracciones de fermentación ruminal y degradación in vitro en ensilaje de sorgo (Sorghum sp)","authors":"Roselia Ramírez-Díaz, R. Pinto-Ruiz, Francisco Medina-Jonapá, F. Guevara-Hernández","doi":"10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1332","url":null,"abstract":"The action of inoculants and additives on the chemical composition and ruminal degradation of sorghum silage dry matter (DM) has already been reported. However, the effect that these have on the microbial activity and, therefore, on its potential for assimilation at the ruminal level is unknown. For that reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of inoculants and additives in silage of the entire plant of Sorghum sp. on fractions of ruminal fermentation and in vitro degradation. The experimental design was completely random, with 7 treatments (3 inoculants, 2 additives and a combination of inoculate with additive) and 21 repetitions per treatment. Different types of inoculants and additives were used in the process of sorghum silage: cheese whey, yogurt, phosphoric acid, Lactobacillus plantarum and mineral mixture. After 60 d of fermentation, dry matter (DM), hydrogen potential (Hp), crude protein (CP), in vitro dry matter degradation to 24 h (IVDMD), parameters of fermentation kinetics (Vmax= maximum volume L = lag phase, S = fermentation rate) and fractional volume (rapid fermentation = 0 h to 8 h, intermediate = 8 h to 24 h and slow = 24 h to 72 h) were quantified through the in vitro gas production technique. The results indicated that the inoculants and additives modified the chemical composition, the L parameters, Vmax, IVDMD and the rapid and intermediate fermentation fractions (P < 0.05). The use of cheese whey and L. plantarum as inoculants in sorghum silage reduced the loss of CP; and, overall, the use of inoculants and additives improved silage Hp; however, it decreased the use of rapid and intermediate fermentation fractions, modified the fermentation potential of the silage and provoked a negative effect on the IVDMD.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"15 1","pages":"172-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49325031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1331
Karla Lorena Andrade-Rubio, S. Izcara-Palacios
The international sex trade, involving young people who are taken from Central America and Mexico to the United States, has been widely documented. However, it remains a serious problem, from which its changing dynamics and recruitment strategies, whether voluntary or forced, are unknown. The objective of this paper was to examine the mechanisms used by sex smuggling networks to recruit migrant women to be prostituted in Nevada, USA. This research is based on a qualitative methodology that includes interviews with 3 Central American recruiters and 12 women from Mexico and Central America. The main results indicate that these networks recruit predominantly vulnerable underage girls with a past associated with prostitution and towering economic necessities. Recruitment mechanisms used by these networks are not based on the use of violence, but on the abuse of a position of vulnerability. In conclusion, not resorting to violent recruitment strategies reduces the risk of this activity, since women do not report them because they do not consider themselves victims.
{"title":"Mecanismos de reclutamiento utilizados por las redes de tráfico sexual en Nevada, Estados Unidos","authors":"Karla Lorena Andrade-Rubio, S. Izcara-Palacios","doi":"10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1331","url":null,"abstract":"The international sex trade, involving young people who are taken from Central America and Mexico to the United States, has been widely documented. However, it remains a serious problem, from which its changing dynamics and recruitment strategies, whether voluntary or forced, are unknown. The objective of this paper was to examine the mechanisms used by sex smuggling networks to recruit migrant women to be prostituted in Nevada, USA. This research is based on a qualitative methodology that includes interviews with 3 Central American recruiters and 12 women from Mexico and Central America. The main results indicate that these networks recruit predominantly vulnerable underage girls with a past associated with prostitution and towering economic necessities. Recruitment mechanisms used by these networks are not based on the use of violence, but on the abuse of a position of vulnerability. In conclusion, not resorting to violent recruitment strategies reduces the risk of this activity, since women do not report them because they do not consider themselves victims.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"117-132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43757720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1326
F. Caballero-Rico, José Alberto Ramírez-de-León, Ramón Ventura Roque Hernández
The generation, systematization and knowledge transfer about biodiversity is a fundamental input for its conservation and the inclusion of the community. El Cielo Biosphere Reserve (ECBR) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, is a natural area protected due to the characteristics of its biotic and abiotic resources. The objective of this research was to characterize the current state of the generated knowledge about El Cielo Biosphere Reserve and its relationship with its management program. A qualitative and quantitative search, classification, and review of the primary sources in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Redalyc databases was performed. This information was contrasted with the content of the ECBR Management Program. Results show an indirect association between publications and the management program with the absence of publications in the culture, communication, and management subprograms. The need to systematize the addressed topics was also evident. The main achievement of this work is the integration, mapping, and systematization of publications, which establishes a baseline for future studies. The existing knowledge about ECBR, published in scientific journals, was conducted from a disciplinary approach in the field of Biology. There is evidence that it was used to prepare its most recent management program and that it impacts at least 20 % of the actions included in the document. However, the process for the transfer of knowledge was indirect, and new transdisciplinary approaches are required to address the existing socio-ecological problems.
关于生物多样性的生成、系统化和知识转让是保护生物多样性和融入社区的基本投入。墨西哥塔毛利帕斯州的El Cielo生物圈保护区（ECBR）是一个自然保护区，因其生物和非生物资源的特点而受到保护。本研究的目的是描述关于El Cielo生物圈保护区的现有知识及其与管理计划的关系。对Web of Science、Scopus和Redalyc数据库中的主要来源进行了定性和定量搜索、分类和审查。该信息与ECBR管理计划的内容进行了对比。结果显示，由于文化、沟通和管理子程序中没有出版物，出版物和管理程序之间存在间接联系。显然也有必要将所讨论的议题系统化。这项工作的主要成就是出版物的整合、绘制和系统化，为未来的研究奠定了基础。发表在科学期刊上的关于ECBR的现有知识是从生物学领域的学科方法进行的。有证据表明，它被用于编制其最新的管理计划，并影响了文件中至少20%的行动。然而，知识转移的过程是间接的，需要新的跨学科方法来解决现有的社会生态问题。
{"title":"Análisis de la generación de conocimiento en la Reserva de la Biosfera El Cielo, México y la vinculación con su programa de manejo","authors":"F. Caballero-Rico, José Alberto Ramírez-de-León, Ramón Ventura Roque Hernández","doi":"10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1326","url":null,"abstract":"The generation, systematization and knowledge transfer about biodiversity is a fundamental input for its conservation and the inclusion of the community. El Cielo Biosphere Reserve (ECBR) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, is a natural area protected due to the characteristics of its biotic and abiotic resources. The objective of this research was to characterize the current state of the generated knowledge about El Cielo Biosphere Reserve and its relationship with its management program. A qualitative and quantitative search, classification, and review of the primary sources in the Web of Science, Scopus, and Redalyc databases was performed. This information was contrasted with the content of the ECBR Management Program. Results show an indirect association between publications and the management program with the absence of publications in the culture, communication, and management subprograms. The need to systematize the addressed topics was also evident. The main achievement of this work is the integration, mapping, and systematization of publications, which establishes a baseline for future studies. The existing knowledge about ECBR, published in scientific journals, was conducted from a disciplinary approach in the field of Biology. There is evidence that it was used to prepare its most recent management program and that it impacts at least 20 % of the actions included in the document. However, the process for the transfer of knowledge was indirect, and new transdisciplinary approaches are required to address the existing socio-ecological problems.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"24-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46347108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loneliness is a phenomenon with important consequences in the life of those who suffer from it, including on their psychological health. This has been conceived as an unpleasant experience related to the need for unsatisfied interpersonal intimacy, which implies an imbalance in the level of socio-affective interaction of an individual and occurs when the individual’s social network is deficient. Its measurement has been carried out through different instruments, among which the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA), which includes loneliness in 3 social domains: couple, family and friends, stand out for their psychometric characteristics. The objective of this research was the psychometric validation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) in the context of the couple’s relationship, as well as assess its relationship with attachment styles in Mexico. This requires an accidental non-probabilistic sample of 194 heterosexual couples. The study design was instrumental because the validation of a new measure of loneliness was performed and correlated to the analysis of Pearson’s correlation between loneliness factors and attachment styles. As a result of the validation, 5 factors were obtained, accompaniment of friends, accompaniment of the partner, accompaniment of the family, feeling of emptiness and longing for which the last two had not been obtained in the original version. Finally, whenanalyzing the relationships between attachment styles and loneliness, interesting data were observed that indicate the importance of the accompaniment of the partner when secure attachment is developed. Furthermore, the data also show the central role played by the accompaniment of family and friends when anxious or avoidant attachments, in addition to higher rates of feelings of emptiness and longing, are experienced.
{"title":"Soledad en la pareja y su relación con el apego","authors":"Luisa Fernanda Granillo-Velasco, Rozzana Sánchez-Aragón","doi":"10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1376","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness is a phenomenon with important consequences in the life of those who suffer from it, including on their psychological health. This has been conceived as an unpleasant experience related to the need for unsatisfied interpersonal intimacy, which implies an imbalance in the level of socio-affective interaction of an individual and occurs when the individual’s social network is deficient. Its measurement has been carried out through different instruments, among which the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA), which includes loneliness in 3 social domains: couple, family and friends, stand out for their psychometric characteristics. The objective of this research was the psychometric validation of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA) in the context of the couple’s relationship, as well as assess its relationship with attachment styles in Mexico. This requires an accidental non-probabilistic sample of 194 heterosexual couples. The study design was instrumental because the validation of a new measure of loneliness was performed and correlated to the analysis of Pearson’s correlation between loneliness factors and attachment styles. As a result of the validation, 5 factors were obtained, accompaniment of friends, accompaniment of the partner, accompaniment of the family, feeling of emptiness and longing for which the last two had not been obtained in the original version. Finally, when\u0000analyzing the relationships between attachment styles and loneliness, interesting data were observed that indicate the importance of the accompaniment of the partner when secure attachment is developed. Furthermore, the data also show the central role played by the accompaniment of family and friends when anxious or avoidant attachments, in addition to higher rates of feelings of emptiness and longing, are experienced.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"48-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46663388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1349
Luis Fernando Hernández-Jácquez, Frine Virginia Montes-Ramos
National high school dropout rates in Mexico, fluctuate between 14.5 % and 16.5 %, and empirical research suggests that dropout is mostly associated with failure, and that this in turn, is related to issues such as lack of learning self-regulation and study habits. The objective of this research was to establish a model that predicts the risk of high school students’ drop in Mexico. A quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional research was developed. The independent variable, which was the risk of dropping out of school, was assessed through the School Dropout Questionnaire, while the predictive variables study habits, self-regulation learning and learning styles (as requested by the participating institution) were assessed through the Study Habits Questionnaire, the Learning Strategies and Motivation Questionnaire (CEAM II), and the Honey – Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire (CHAEA). To determine the predictive equation, the binary logistic regression model was used using the “Wald backward elimination steps” method, with a sample of 192 first semester students of an agricultural technological baccalaureate, whose ages ranged between 14 and 16 years. A model that includes the dimensions of note taking study planning strategies related to study habits; and self-efficacy for learning, related to self-regulation was obtained. This model explained 37.0 % of the phenomenon. It is concluded the establishment of dropout risk prediction mechanisms could be improve or increase the development of the aforementioned dimensions in order to reduce to a certain extent the risk of dropping out.
{"title":"Modelo predictivo del riesgo de abandono escolar en educación media superior en México","authors":"Luis Fernando Hernández-Jácquez, Frine Virginia Montes-Ramos","doi":"10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1349","url":null,"abstract":"National high school dropout rates in Mexico, fluctuate between 14.5 % and 16.5 %, and empirical research suggests that dropout is mostly associated with failure, and that this in turn, is related to issues such as lack of learning self-regulation and study habits. The objective of this research was to establish a model that predicts the risk of high school students’ drop in Mexico. A quantitative, non-experimental and cross-sectional research was developed. The independent variable, which was the risk of dropping out of school, was assessed through the School Dropout Questionnaire, while the predictive variables study habits, self-regulation learning and learning styles (as requested by the participating institution) were assessed through the Study Habits Questionnaire, the Learning Strategies and Motivation Questionnaire (CEAM II), and the Honey – Alonso Learning Styles Questionnaire (CHAEA). To determine the predictive equation, the binary logistic regression model was used using the “Wald backward elimination steps” method, with a sample of 192 first semester students of an agricultural technological baccalaureate, whose ages ranged between 14 and 16 years. A model that includes the dimensions of note taking study planning strategies related to study habits; and self-efficacy for learning, related to self-regulation was obtained. This model explained 37.0 % of the phenomenon. It is concluded the establishment of dropout risk prediction mechanisms could be improve or increase the development of the aforementioned dimensions in order to reduce to a certain extent the risk of dropping out.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"75-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48109952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1292
J. Rodríguez-Castro, Sandra Edith Olmeda-de-la-Fuente, Alfonso Correa-Sandoval, Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera
In Mexico, shark catch ranks 10th place out of the 22 most representative fisheries in the country, with an estimated annual average number of 29 772 T and an economic income of approximately MXN 437 million. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY), which means the maximum catch that can be obtained without the depletion of the fishing resource at any given time is one of the main points of reference in the evaluation of fisheries. In this study, the MSY of sharks in Mexico was estimated for 26 coastal areas (Mexico, Pacific ocean, gulf of Mexico, 6 regions of the NOM-029-PESC-2006 and 17 coastal States). Catch time series (CTS) were used in tons per year of reported catch (Rc) and total catch (Tc) (reported catch + non-reported catch) over the 1976 to 2014 period. In addition, empirical models that relate the maximum catch of the STM to the MSY were applied. There were no significant differences between the models applied. Based on the estimated Tc and MSY (T x 103) there is an over-exploitation of sharks in Mexico (Tc = 51 417, MSY = 29 040), in the Pacific ocean (Tc = 38 654, MSY = 20 840) and in the gulf of Mexico (Tc = 15 737, MSY = 14 540); in Regions 2 (gulf of California) (Tc = 22 664, MSY = 14 330) and 5 (coastal line of Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Tabasco) (Tc = 9 202, MSY = 8 510) and on thecoast of the States of Baja California (Tc = 5 781, MSY = 4 880) and Baja California Sur (Tc = 5 950, MSY = 5 510). It is recommended to urgently address the problem of using this fishery resource in the Mexican Republic.
在墨西哥，鲨鱼捕捞量在该国22个最具代表性的渔业中排名第十，估计年平均数量为29772吨，经济收入约为4.37亿墨西哥比索。最大可持续产量（MSY）是渔业评估的主要参考点之一，它意味着在任何特定时间都不会耗尽渔业资源的情况下可以获得的最大渔获量。在这项研究中，估计了墨西哥26个沿海地区（墨西哥、太平洋、墨西哥湾、NOM-029-PESC-2006的6个地区和17个沿海国家）的鲨鱼MSY。捕捞量时间序列（CTS）是以1976年至2014年期间报告的捕捞量（Rc）和总捕捞量（Tc）的吨/年为单位使用的。此外，还应用了将STM的最大捕获量与MSY联系起来的经验模型。应用的模型之间没有显著差异。根据估计的Tc和MSY（T x 103），墨西哥（Tc=51 417，MSY=29 040）、太平洋（Tc=38 654，MSY=20 840）和墨西哥湾（Tc=15 737，MSY=14 540）对鲨鱼的过度开发；在2区（加利福尼亚湾）（Tc=22664，MSY=14330）和5区（塔毛利帕斯州、韦拉克鲁斯州和塔巴斯科州海岸线）（Tc=9202，MSY=8510）以及下加利福尼亚州（Tc=5781，MSY=4880）和南下加利福尼亚州海岸（Tc=5950，MSY=5510）。建议紧急解决墨西哥共和国使用这种渔业资源的问题。
{"title":"Estimación del rendimiento máximo sostenible del recurso tiburón-cazón en México","authors":"J. Rodríguez-Castro, Sandra Edith Olmeda-de-la-Fuente, Alfonso Correa-Sandoval, Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera","doi":"10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1292","url":null,"abstract":"In Mexico, shark catch ranks 10th place out of the 22 most representative fisheries in the country, with an estimated annual average number of 29 772 T and an economic income of approximately MXN 437 million. The maximum sustainable yield (MSY), which means the maximum catch that can be obtained without the depletion of the fishing resource at any given time is one of the main points of reference in the evaluation of fisheries. In this study, the MSY of sharks in Mexico was estimated for 26 coastal areas (Mexico, Pacific ocean, gulf of Mexico, 6 regions of the NOM-029-PESC-2006 and 17 coastal States). Catch time series (CTS) were used in tons per year of reported catch (Rc) and total catch (Tc) (reported catch + non-reported catch) over the 1976 to 2014 period. In addition, empirical models that relate the maximum catch of the STM to the MSY were applied. There were no significant differences between the models applied. Based on the estimated Tc and MSY (T x 103) there is an over-exploitation of sharks in Mexico (Tc = 51 417, MSY = 29 040), in the Pacific ocean (Tc = 38 654, MSY = 20 840) and in the gulf of Mexico (Tc = 15 737, MSY = 14 540); in Regions 2 (gulf of California) (Tc = 22 664, MSY = 14 330) and 5 (coastal line of Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Tabasco) (Tc = 9 202, MSY = 8 510) and on thecoast of the States of Baja California (Tc = 5 781, MSY = 4 880) and Baja California Sur (Tc = 5 950, MSY = 5 510). It is recommended to urgently address the problem of using this fishery resource in the Mexican Republic.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"06-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42078407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1330
Maribel Lozano-Cortés, Juan Carlos Solano-Lucas
Labor flexibility and the reduction of State participation have had negative effects on the well-being of the population, and more on youth people, because they maintain unstable and insecure jobs, with low salaries and no social benefits. The objective of this work was to analyze the variables that determine the process of labor exclusion of youth people in the countries of Spain and Mexico between 2005 and 2017, in order to compare the situation in both countries. For this purpose, the Labor Exclusion Index was developed. The methodology used was the Principal Component Factor Analysis with time series. According to the results, it was observed that youth people are at risk of labor exclusion in both countries. In Spain, youth people maintain involuntary part-time jobs, while in Mexico, they have even more severe informal labor conditions. Youth people in both countries have been included in jobs where they do not have social security or job certainty in order to avoid excluding them from the labor market.
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Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1386
R. León-Hernández, Erika Berenice Mártir-Hernández, Yulissa Guadalupe Torres-Compeán, Karen Adyadeth Sánchez-Garcés, T. Gutiérrez-Gómez
There are various problems that affect a caregiver’s health and performance. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify the relationship between depression symptoms of the informal primary caregivers and the dependency that they perceive in the person who is being taken care of. The study design was non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational. The sample was intentional non-probabilistic of 259 informal caregivers. Three data-collection instruments were used: the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Depression Scale (PHQ-8), and the Barthel Scale, which is used for measuring the capacity of a person to carry out 10 basic everyday activities. The average age of the caregivers in this study was 49.6 years, with a predominance of the female sex (82.6 %), and most of the patients’ caregivers were their daughters (38.2 %). The caregivers’ perceived percentage of dependence was placed in the moderate dependence category, with 32.4 %. Results show a small but significant correlation (r = - 0.159, P = 0.010) between dependence and symptoms of depression. The group of caregivers of people with severe dependence showed greater depressive symptoms than their caregiver peers of people with moderate dependence (P = 0.014). Informal primary caregivers reported greater depressive symptoms when they perceived more dependence in their relatives with chronic illnesses.
有各种各样的问题会影响照顾者的健康和表现。因此，本研究的目的是确定非正式主要照顾者的抑郁症状与他们对被照顾者的依赖性之间的关系。研究设计是非实验性的、横断面的和相关的。样本为259名非正式照顾者的故意非概率。使用了三种数据收集工具:患者健康问卷、抑郁量表(PHQ-8)和Barthel量表(用于测量一个人进行10项基本日常活动的能力)。护理人员的平均年龄为49.6岁，以女性居多(82.6%)，以其女儿居多(38.2%)。照顾者的感知依赖百分比被置于中度依赖类别，为32.4%。结果显示，依赖性与抑郁症状之间存在较小但显著的相关性(r = - 0.159, P = 0.010)。重度依赖者的照顾者比中度依赖者的照顾者表现出更大的抑郁症状(P = 0.014)。非正式的初级照护者报告说，当他们感到对患有慢性疾病的亲属更依赖时，他们的抑郁症状更严重。
{"title":"Dependencia percibida y síntomas depresivos en cuidadores primarios informales de personas con enfermedades no transmisibles","authors":"R. León-Hernández, Erika Berenice Mártir-Hernández, Yulissa Guadalupe Torres-Compeán, Karen Adyadeth Sánchez-Garcés, T. Gutiérrez-Gómez","doi":"10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/CIENCIAUAT.V15I1.1386","url":null,"abstract":"There are various problems that affect a caregiver’s health and performance. Therefore, the objective of the study was to identify the relationship between depression symptoms of the informal primary caregivers and the dependency that they perceive in the person who is being taken care of. The study design was non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational. The sample was intentional non-probabilistic of 259 informal caregivers. Three data-collection instruments were used: the Patient Health Questionnaire, the Depression Scale (PHQ-8), and the Barthel Scale, which is used for measuring the capacity of a person to carry out 10 basic everyday activities. The average age of the caregivers in this study was 49.6 years, with a predominance of the female sex (82.6 %), and most of the patients’ caregivers were their daughters (38.2 %). The caregivers’ perceived percentage of dependence was placed in the moderate dependence category, with 32.4 %. Results show a small but significant correlation (r = - 0.159, P = 0.010) between dependence and symptoms of depression. The group of caregivers of people with severe dependence showed greater depressive symptoms than their caregiver peers of people with moderate dependence (P = 0.014). Informal primary caregivers reported greater depressive symptoms when they perceived more dependence in their relatives with chronic illnesses.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"86-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46938420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-01DOI: 10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1380
Miriam Janet Cervantes-López, Alma A. Peña-Maldonado, Alcides Ramos-Sánchez
The use of electronic devices as educational tools is very frequent in the global knowledge society, which has been favored by current technological advancement. New alternatives are employed in teaching practice and in educational processes, and institutions dedicated to medical education are no exception. The objective of this work was to establish whether the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for medical students’ learning at the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Southern campus. A descriptive, observational and crosssectional study was carried out. Data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 109 students. Of the total number of participants, 90.83 % had a laptop, 94.50 % had internet access, either via a computer or a mobile phone. The effective time spent daily using ICT for educational activities ranged between two and four hours, and Google Scholar was the most used database for information retrieval. On the other hand, it was found that between 50 % and 75 % of respondents have an understanding and command of the English language. The use of ICT’s is very supportive for students, since it facilitates both, the scientific and medical information retrieval, as well as the development of competencies in the processing and management of information. This simplifies the exchange of updated scientific information to continue with their medical education.
{"title":"Uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación como herramienta de apoyo en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de medicina","authors":"Miriam Janet Cervantes-López, Alma A. Peña-Maldonado, Alcides Ramos-Sánchez","doi":"10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v15i1.1380","url":null,"abstract":"The use of electronic devices as educational tools is very frequent in the global knowledge society, which has been favored by current technological advancement. New alternatives are employed in teaching practice and in educational processes, and institutions dedicated to medical education are no exception. The objective of this work was to establish whether the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) for medical students’ learning at the Autonomous University of Tamaulipas, Southern campus. A descriptive, observational and crosssectional study was carried out. Data was collected through a questionnaire administered to 109 students. Of the total number of participants, 90.83 % had a laptop, 94.50 % had internet access, either via a computer or a mobile phone. The effective time spent daily using ICT for educational activities ranged between two and four hours, and Google Scholar was the most used database for information retrieval. On the other hand, it was found that between 50 % and 75 % of respondents have an understanding and command of the English language. The use of ICT’s is very supportive for students, since it facilitates both, the scientific and medical information retrieval, as well as the development of competencies in the processing and management of information. This simplifies the exchange of updated scientific information to continue with their medical education.","PeriodicalId":42451,"journal":{"name":"CienciaUat","volume":"1 1","pages":"162-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41968857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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