Britain’s Blair administration introduced the concept of social exclusion and inclusion to deal with the issue of the social weak. The Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) was established in the government and has developed various policies for tackling the issue. In accordance with this trend, the concept of social inclusion has been introduced to public library policy. The aim of this study is to examine the meaning of social inclusion and the problems faced when implementing such concepts , through an investigation of related policy documents and project reports. I will also analyze how this concept is understood in the public library world, and whether the performance assessment systems and other required mechanisms have been put in place to achieve it. The study draws on Libraries for All with paticular attention to its relationship to the policies of the SEU. Libraries for All is the fundamental document on the social inclusion policies in the public library. The analysis shows that the policies of the SEU have concentrated on economic issues, while public library policies generally focus on social and cultural ones. In spite of this di#erence, it appears that the concept of social inclusion could strengthen the argument that public libraries should provide services to the social weak. That is, the introduction of the social inclusion concept to the public library shows that providing library services to the social weak is in tune with the one of the fundamental policies of the Blair administration. However, the mechanism to implement the policy in public libraries is not yet in place under the present performance assessment system. Furthermore, at the present stage, since this policy did not originate from within the library community, it appears that while the concept of social inclusion has been introduced into public library policies, the kinds of services necessary to 原著論文 英国の公共図書館政策への社会的包含理念の導入 すべての人 に開かれた図書館 の分析を中心に
{"title":"Introduction of the concept of social inclusion to public library policy in the United Kingdom","authors":"Chieko Suga","doi":"10.46895/lis.55.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.55.25","url":null,"abstract":"Britain’s Blair administration introduced the concept of social exclusion and inclusion to deal with the issue of the social weak. The Social Exclusion Unit (SEU) was established in the government and has developed various policies for tackling the issue. In accordance with this trend, the concept of social inclusion has been introduced to public library policy. The aim of this study is to examine the meaning of social inclusion and the problems faced when implementing such concepts , through an investigation of related policy documents and project reports. I will also analyze how this concept is understood in the public library world, and whether the performance assessment systems and other required mechanisms have been put in place to achieve it. The study draws on Libraries for All with paticular attention to its relationship to the policies of the SEU. Libraries for All is the fundamental document on the social inclusion policies in the public library. The analysis shows that the policies of the SEU have concentrated on economic issues, while public library policies generally focus on social and cultural ones. In spite of this di#erence, it appears that the concept of social inclusion could strengthen the argument that public libraries should provide services to the social weak. That is, the introduction of the social inclusion concept to the public library shows that providing library services to the social weak is in tune with the one of the fundamental policies of the Blair administration. However, the mechanism to implement the policy in public libraries is not yet in place under the present performance assessment system. Furthermore, at the present stage, since this policy did not originate from within the library community, it appears that while the concept of social inclusion has been introduced into public library policies, the kinds of services necessary to 原著論文 英国の公共図書館政策への社会的包含理念の導入 すべての人 に開かれた図書館 の分析を中心に","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2006-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanda Erdelez’s information behavior model of information encountering does not satisfactorily explain the relationship between active and passive information behaviors, and the types and definitions of unit behaviors which together constitute the process of information encountering. This paper examines Erdelez’s model with regards to these two issues proposes a revised model, and discusses the validity of the model. The revised model has three main characteristics (1) The information encountering process is independent from the task which generates it, and the user does not necessarily go back to the original task (2) The information encountering process consists of the following eight unit behaviors: “noticing”, “stopping”, “examining”, “use”, “sharing”, “storing”, “returning”, and “ending” (3) The unit behaviors are inter-related. In order to discuss the validity of the revised model, a series of qualitative interviews were conducted on information encountering on the Web. The results favor the validity of the model and show some new aspects of information encountering, some of which are presumably peculiar to the Web. These may contribute to further revisions of the model. 原著論文 情報遭遇に関する利用者行動モデルの再検討 ウェブ上の情報遭遇に対する調査
Sanda Erdelez关于信息相遇的信息行为模型并没有很好地解释主动和被动信息行为之间的关系，以及共同构成信息相遇过程的单元行为的类型和定义。本文针对这两个问题对Erdelez的模型进行了检验，提出了一个修正模型，并讨论了模型的有效性。修正后的模型具有三个主要特征:(1)信息相遇过程独立于产生信息的任务，用户不必回到原任务;(2)信息相遇过程由“注意”、“停止”、“检查”、“使用”、“共享”、“存储”、“返回”和“结束”八个单元行为组成;(3)单元行为相互关联。为了探讨修正后的模型的有效性，我们对网络上的信息相遇进行了一系列的定性访谈。结果支持该模型的有效性，并显示了信息相遇的一些新方面，其中一些可能是Web特有的。这些可能有助于模型的进一步修订。中文翻译:中文翻译:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为:中文翻译为
{"title":"Rethinking the information behavior model of information encountering","authors":"Norihisa Awamura","doi":"10.46895/lis.55.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.55.47","url":null,"abstract":"Sanda Erdelez’s information behavior model of information encountering does not satisfactorily explain the relationship between active and passive information behaviors, and the types and definitions of unit behaviors which together constitute the process of information encountering. This paper examines Erdelez’s model with regards to these two issues proposes a revised model, and discusses the validity of the model. The revised model has three main characteristics (1) The information encountering process is independent from the task which generates it, and the user does not necessarily go back to the original task (2) The information encountering process consists of the following eight unit behaviors: “noticing”, “stopping”, “examining”, “use”, “sharing”, “storing”, “returning”, and “ending” (3) The unit behaviors are inter-related. In order to discuss the validity of the revised model, a series of qualitative interviews were conducted on information encountering on the Web. The results favor the validity of the model and show some new aspects of information encountering, some of which are presumably peculiar to the Web. These may contribute to further revisions of the model. 原著論文 情報遭遇に関する利用者行動モデルの再検討 ウェブ上の情報遭遇に対する調査","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2006-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Gutenberg Bible and the manuscript tradition","authors":"Mari Agata","doi":"10.46895/lis.54.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.54.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With hand press books, there can be variants within the same setting, as a result of corrections made while the print run is in progress. These “stop-press variants” provide important clues to reconstruct the process of book production and discover practices unique to certain printing houses. Without collation, stop-press variants are very di$cult to detect because they can be rather subtle. This article reviews methods and instruments that have been used to collate printed books in the past, such as the Hinman Collator. It goes on to describe the merits and demerits of these methods, and define the necessary and desirable requirements for collation especially for collation of early printed books in Europe. This paper proposes a new approach to precise collation that makes use of the superimposition of digital images. In addition to being less costly, this approach is more detailed, more precise, and easier to implement than previous methods. Furthermore, it provides an objective way to identify di#erences. Two methods of applying the principle of superimposition, static and dynamic, are given along with technical details and software requirements. A case study is also discussed. 原著論文 デジタル画像を用いた刊本の校合の手法
{"title":"Towards collation with digital images","authors":"Mari Agata","doi":"10.46895/lis.53.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.53.1","url":null,"abstract":"With hand press books, there can be variants within the same setting, as a result of corrections made while the print run is in progress. These “stop-press variants” provide important clues to reconstruct the process of book production and discover practices unique to certain printing houses. Without collation, stop-press variants are very di$cult to detect because they can be rather subtle. This article reviews methods and instruments that have been used to collate printed books in the past, such as the Hinman Collator. It goes on to describe the merits and demerits of these methods, and define the necessary and desirable requirements for collation especially for collation of early printed books in Europe. This paper proposes a new approach to precise collation that makes use of the superimposition of digital images. In addition to being less costly, this approach is more detailed, more precise, and easier to implement than previous methods. Furthermore, it provides an objective way to identify di#erences. Two methods of applying the principle of superimposition, static and dynamic, are given along with technical details and software requirements. A case study is also discussed. 原著論文 デジタル画像を用いた刊本の校合の手法","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sub Title Hidden selection criteria of magazine and newspaper in public libraries in Japan Author 大場, 博幸(Ohba, Hiroyuki) Publisher 三田図書館・情報学会 Publication year 2004 Jtitle Library and information science No.52 (2004. ) ,p.4386 Abstract The purpose of this study is to clarify the selection criteria which public libraries in Japan tacitly employ. These criteria are determined 1) by calculating the number of libraries which hold each title of the newspapers and magazines examined, and 2) by examining the results in relation to the characteristics of the titles. In total, the newspaper and magazine holdings of 435 public libraries in Ehime, Shiga, Aichi, Kanagawa and Chiba Prefectures were examined. The study demonstrated that the users' demand do not necessarily have priority in selecting newspapers and magazines. Rather, the overall initial reputation of a title is more important. Other factors which influence the selection include originality, genre, ideology and means of distribution. On the other hand, magazines with the pornographic, discreditable, or explicitly commercial characteristics were relatively less selected, but not altogether excluded from collection. Notes 原著論文 Genre Journal Article URL https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=AN000 03152-00000052-0043
{"title":"Hidden selection criteria of magazine and newspaper in public libraries in Japan","authors":"Hiroyuki Ohba","doi":"10.46895/lis.52.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.52.43","url":null,"abstract":"Sub Title Hidden selection criteria of magazine and newspaper in public libraries in Japan Author 大場, 博幸(Ohba, Hiroyuki) Publisher 三田図書館・情報学会 Publication year 2004 Jtitle Library and information science No.52 (2004. ) ,p.4386 Abstract The purpose of this study is to clarify the selection criteria which public libraries in Japan tacitly employ. These criteria are determined 1) by calculating the number of libraries which hold each title of the newspapers and magazines examined, and 2) by examining the results in relation to the characteristics of the titles. In total, the newspaper and magazine holdings of 435 public libraries in Ehime, Shiga, Aichi, Kanagawa and Chiba Prefectures were examined. The study demonstrated that the users' demand do not necessarily have priority in selecting newspapers and magazines. Rather, the overall initial reputation of a title is more important. Other factors which influence the selection include originality, genre, ideology and means of distribution. On the other hand, magazines with the pornographic, discreditable, or explicitly commercial characteristics were relatively less selected, but not altogether excluded from collection. Notes 原著論文 Genre Journal Article URL https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=AN000 03152-00000052-0043","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sub Title How 'knowledge' is situated in some research areas of library and information science Author 武者小路, 澄子(Mushakoji, Sumiko) Publisher 三田図書館・情報学会 Publication year 2004 Jtitle Library and information science No.52 (2004. ) ,p.142 Abstract Knowledge' is closely related to the notion of 'information', which is one of the central notions in Library and Information Science, and is itself one of the most important notions in this field. In order to study how the notion 'knowledge' is situated in Library and Information Science, various articles and books which involve this notion were selected from reference books and textbooks in Library and Information Science. In examining those articles and books, 10 research areas which involve the notion 'knowledge' were selected. Based on the ethnographic methods, such as 'coding' and categorization, each of the articles and books was coded as to what kind of notion is assumed under the term 'knowledge', and how it is used. This sequence of coding produced 5 main analytical points to examine the notion and usage of 'knowledge' in each of the research areas. These analytical points are (1) how the term 'knowledge' is related with the term 'information', (2) how far it is generalized, (3) whether it is held as 'being personal' or as 'being shared', (4) in what way it is evaluated, and (5) where it is conceptually located. The notion and usage of 'knowledge' in each of the research areas were then explicated through these analytical points, and how 'knowledge' is situated in Library and Information as a whole was further inferred based on the analysis. Finally, some unexplored aspects of this notion are pointed out, and some direction within the study of 'knowledge' is suggested for Library and Information Science. Notes 原著論文 Genre Journal Article URL https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=AN000 03152-00000052-0001
{"title":"How ‘Knowledge’ is situated in some research areas of library and information science","authors":"Sumiko Mushakoji","doi":"10.46895/lis.52.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.52.1","url":null,"abstract":"Sub Title How 'knowledge' is situated in some research areas of library and information science Author 武者小路, 澄子(Mushakoji, Sumiko) Publisher 三田図書館・情報学会 Publication year 2004 Jtitle Library and information science No.52 (2004. ) ,p.142 Abstract Knowledge' is closely related to the notion of 'information', which is one of the central notions in Library and Information Science, and is itself one of the most important notions in this field. In order to study how the notion 'knowledge' is situated in Library and Information Science, various articles and books which involve this notion were selected from reference books and textbooks in Library and Information Science. In examining those articles and books, 10 research areas which involve the notion 'knowledge' were selected. Based on the ethnographic methods, such as 'coding' and categorization, each of the articles and books was coded as to what kind of notion is assumed under the term 'knowledge', and how it is used. This sequence of coding produced 5 main analytical points to examine the notion and usage of 'knowledge' in each of the research areas. These analytical points are (1) how the term 'knowledge' is related with the term 'information', (2) how far it is generalized, (3) whether it is held as 'being personal' or as 'being shared', (4) in what way it is evaluated, and (5) where it is conceptually located. The notion and usage of 'knowledge' in each of the research areas were then explicated through these analytical points, and how 'knowledge' is situated in Library and Information as a whole was further inferred based on the analysis. Finally, some unexplored aspects of this notion are pointed out, and some direction within the study of 'knowledge' is suggested for Library and Information Science. Notes 原著論文 Genre Journal Article URL https://koara.lib.keio.ac.jp/xoonips/modules/xoonips/detail.php?koara_id=AN000 03152-00000052-0001","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2005-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Techniques of document clustering","authors":"Kazuaki Kishida","doi":"10.46895/lis.49.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.49.33","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2004-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Browsing behavior in information seeking process","authors":"Chiharu Matsuda","doi":"10.46895/lis.49.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.49.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2004-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stakeholders' points of view on the public library service","authors":"Ryo Shiozaki","doi":"10.46895/lis.48.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.48.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2004-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70639551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Empirical study for optimal size of public libraries","authors":"Atsushi Ikeuchi","doi":"10.46895/lis.46.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46895/lis.46.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42468,"journal":{"name":"Library and Information Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2003-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70638863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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