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Letteratura per l’infanzia e l’adolescenza dal/del Nord-Est Italia. Una analisi degli eco-assi da Salgari a Scarpa (1901–2021)
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.05
Pietro Mazzarisi
Over the last hundred years and since the Second World War at the speed of the Great Acceleration, the Anthropocene has been intensively impacting the Northeast of Italy and, as a result, redrawn the Triangolo Industriale, shifting it towards the East, whereby its two prior western cities – Turin and Genoa – have been replaced with the production hubs scattered along the Via Emilia and Veneto. The coastal region has seen the foundation and robust growth of Porto Marghera with its freight, metallurgy, chemical, mechanical, shipbuilding, oil and electricity sectors; the Veneto plain has witnessed an expansion of SMEs; and Emilia has become home to multinational corporations. While not subject to industrialisation, the mountains of the Triveneto have not been exempt from a thorough modernisation on the scale unparalleled in the Italian Alps. Considering these changes, this paper surveys a range of literary works from Salgari to Scarpa (via Albertazzi, Zavattini, Buzzati, Guerra, D’Arzo, Pratt, Malerba, Altan, Nanetti, Benni, Rigoni Stern, Molesini, Costa, Corona, Carminati, Sgardoli, Tamaro, Tessaro and Ervas) in order to establish what role is given to environmental issues by the authors of children’s literature in the Northeast and whether (dis)continuities emerge in the body of their writings in this respect. The paper also investigates which authors present an active sensitivity useful for fostering an eco-consciousness and in what ways they do so. The methodology combines an array of critical tools developed in eco-pedagogical criticism, ecofeminism and the NatCul Matrix, geared to answering a series of questions: (1) Is basic environmental literacy offered? (2) Is a critical reflection on human primacy and environmental (in)sustainability implicit, explicit or absent? (3) How are humanity and nature related in children’s literature? (4) How is eco-justice approached? (5) What attitudinal role does the narrative assign to nature?
在过去的一百年里,自第二次世界大战以来,以“大加速”的速度,人类世一直在强烈地影响着意大利东北部,结果,重新绘制了三角工业区,将其转移到东方,在那里,它之前的两个西部城市——都灵和热那亚——已经被分散在艾米利亚和威尼托大街上的生产中心所取代。沿海地区以货运、冶金、化工、机械、造船、石油、电力等产业为基础,形成了马尔盖拉港的基础和强劲发展;威尼托平原见证了中小企业的扩张;艾米利亚已经成为跨国公司的大本营。虽然特里威尼托山脉没有受到工业化的影响,但它也没有受到意大利阿尔卑斯山无与伦比的全面现代化的影响。考虑到这些变化,本文调查了从萨尔加里到斯卡帕的一系列文学作品(通过Albertazzi, Zavattini, Buzzati, Guerra, D’arzo, Pratt, Malerba, Altan, Nanetti, Benni, Rigoni Stern, Molesini, Costa, Corona, Carminati, Sgardoli, Tamaro, Tessaro和Ervas),以确定东北儿童文学作者对环境问题的作用,以及在这方面是否(不)连续性出现在他们的作品中。本文还调查了哪些作者表现出对培养生态意识有用的积极敏感性,以及他们以何种方式这样做。该方法结合了生态教学批评、生态女权主义和自然矩阵中开发的一系列关键工具,旨在回答一系列问题:(1)是否提供基本的环境素养?(2)对人类首要地位和环境可持续性的批判性反思是隐含的、明确的还是缺失的?(3)儿童文学中人性与自然的关系是怎样的?(4)生态正义是如何实现的?(5)叙事赋予自然什么样的态度角色?
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引用次数: 0
Bibliografia dell’italianistica polacca del 2021 2021年波兰意大利语书目
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.09
Daniel Słapek
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引用次数: 0
Questioni ecologiche nella produzione di Giana Anguissola e Gianni Rodari 生产吉阿尼索拉和吉阿尼·罗达里的生态问题
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.06
M. Rossitto
The aim of this paper is to examine ecological issues in Italian children’s literature by focusing on the works of two Italian writers who criticize, from different perspectives, the lack of ecological awareness in modern humans. The writers are Giana Anguissola (1906–1966), loved by the young female readership of the day for her vividly ironic style and rounded female characters, and Gianni Rodari (1920–1980), effectively combining realism and fantasy to encourage his readers’ critical thinking. Anguissola’s Le straordinarie vacanze di Violetta (1964) places the protagonists of her prior Milan-set Violetta la timida in the new setting of the Piacenza countryside, where charismatic Don Piero has revived ancient farming practices: the local farmers do not use chemical fertilizers, machines or herbicides, and they transport their produce to the town by carts. Rodari explicitly addresses ecological themes in some of his articles and in two stories: “Il pifferaio e le automobili” (Tante storie per giocare, 1971) and “Il mondo in scatola” (Novelle fatte macchina, 1973). In the former tale, the narrative unfolds in a city completely overrun by cars, and in the latter, a surreal plot revolves around the problem of waste.
本文的目的是通过两位意大利作家的作品来审视意大利儿童文学中的生态问题,他们从不同的角度批评现代人缺乏生态意识。作者是吉安娜·安圭索拉(Giana Anguissola, 1906-1966)和吉安尼·罗达里(Gianni Rodari, 1920-1980),前者因其生动的讽刺风格和丰满的女性角色而受到当时年轻女性读者的喜爱,后者有效地将现实主义与幻想结合起来,鼓励读者进行批判性思考。安圭索拉的《维奥莱塔的生活》(Le straordinarie vacanze di Violetta)(1964)将她之前以米兰为背景的《维奥莱塔的生活》(Violetta la timida)的主人公置于皮亚琴扎乡村的新环境中,魅力非凡的唐·皮耶罗(Don Piero)在那里复兴了古老的农业实践:当地农民不使用化肥、机器或除草剂,他们用手推车把农产品运到镇上。罗达里在他的一些文章和两个故事中明确地谈到了生态主题:“Il pifferaio e le automobili”(《地理故事》,1971年)和“Il mondo in scatola”(《小说》,1973年)。在前一个故事中,故事展开在一个完全被汽车泛滥的城市,而在后一个故事中,一个超现实的情节围绕着浪费问题展开。
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引用次数: 0
Perdersi ne La foresta-radice-labirinto. Calvino e la pedagogia del paesaggio per bambini 迷失在迷宫迷宫中。卡尔维诺和儿童景观教育学
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.03
Anna Małgorzata Brysiak
The paper examines La Foresta-Radice-Labirinto (1981), a fairy tale which is one of Italo Calvino’s latest and lesser known works. In what can be regarded as his testament, Calvino looks back on and revives the ecological commitment of his literary production and his attention to the complex relationship between nature and culture, which has been a prominent leitmotif of his writings (from The Baron in the Trees to The Cloud of Smog, and from the adventures of Marcovaldo to the Invisible Cities). The paper offers a detailed symbological and eco-critical analysis of the text, in order to examine an ‘ecology of mind’ as developed by Calvino, invariably sensitive to hybridisation and to the ongoing and often difficult relation between historical and environmental mutations. In doing so, the paper lists and explores the construction of images-icons and figures-types that make up what Calvino calls ‘a pedagogy of imagination’. The paper focuses on Calvino’s dedication to education through fairy tales as a primary form of experience, capable of conveying universal messages to a young readership, and on his longing for an authentic exposure to the environment, where getting lost means finding oneself and where chaos leads to a new order, founded on an ethical search for a more harmonious union of city, human beings and nature.
本文考察了伊塔洛·卡尔维诺最新的、知名度较低的童话作品《森林-拉迪丝-拉比里托》(1981)。卡尔维诺回顾并重新审视了他文学创作中的生态承诺,以及他对自然与文化之间复杂关系的关注,这是他作品的一个突出主题(从《树上的男爵》到《烟雾之云》,从《马可瓦尔多的冒险》到《看不见的城市》)。本文对文本进行了详细的符合学和生态批判分析,以检验卡尔维诺发展的“心灵生态”,对杂交和历史与环境突变之间持续的、经常困难的关系始终敏感。在此过程中,本文列出并探讨了构成卡尔维诺所谓的“想象教学法”的图像-图标和人物-类型的构建。本文关注的是卡尔维诺对教育的奉献,他将童话作为一种主要的体验形式,能够向年轻的读者传达普遍的信息,以及他对真实暴露于环境的渴望,在这种环境中,迷失意味着找到自我,混乱导致新的秩序,建立在对城市、人类和自然更和谐的伦理探索之上。
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引用次数: 0
Il libro degli animali di Mario Rigoni Stern: un messaggio ecologıco rivolto ai ragazzi 《动物》马里奥·斯特恩:发出ecolog Rigoniıco向男孩
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.01
Cristiano Bedin
Asiago-born writer Mario Rigoni Stern, whose centenary of birth was celebrated in 2021, always took a great interest in young people, as amply demonstrated by his numerous talks at schools, where he often addressed ecological problems afflicting the Earth. His Il libro degli animali (1992), a collection of children’s stories illustrated by Xavier de Maistre, characteristically engages with environmental themes by expressing respect for the animal world and admiration for its beauty. Similar to ecological literature for children, Rigoni Stern’s book aims to highlight environmental problems and suggest possible solutions to them. Given this, it is dedicated to inspiring young readers to adopt an alternative way of life, one based on respect for nature and responsible/sustainable practices. This effort is combined with promoting symbiosis with land, as communion with nature is the only viable solution to many of the contemporary ecological problems. Employing ecocritical theories, mostly those related to environmentalism, this paper explores the way in which Rigoni Stern presents his standpoint on and ideas of the natural world to the young reading public. His approach makes Il libro degli animali part of the most complex ecological discourse that he developed in his long literary career.
出生于亚亚戈的作家马里奥·里戈尼·斯特恩(Mario Rigoni Stern)一直对年轻人很感兴趣,他在学校的多次演讲充分证明了这一点,他经常谈到困扰地球的生态问题。斯特恩于2021年庆祝了他的百年诞辰。他1992年出版的儿童故事集《动物图书馆》(Il libro degli animali)由泽维尔·德·梅斯特尔(Xavier de Maistre)绘制,以环境为主题,表达了对动物世界的尊重和对其美丽的钦佩。与儿童生态文学类似,Rigoni Stern的书旨在强调环境问题,并提出可能的解决方案。鉴于此,它致力于激励年轻读者采用一种基于尊重自然和负责任/可持续实践的另一种生活方式。这一努力与促进与土地的共生相结合,因为与自然交流是解决许多当代生态问题的唯一可行办法。本文运用生态批评理论,主要是那些与环境主义有关的理论,探讨了里戈尼·斯特恩如何向年轻的读者展示他对自然世界的观点和想法。他的方法使《动物图书馆》成为他在漫长的文学生涯中发展起来的最复杂的生态话语的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
Per un Rodari “ecologico” 对于“绿色”啮齿动物
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.02
P. Boero
Nelle sue opere Gianni Rodari ha avuto sempre uno sguardo attento all’ambiente e alle parole che lo caratterizzano e in anni in cui ancora dominava una visione sempre bella e positiva della natura ha saputo creare testi capaci di divertire ma anche far riflettere il lettore. Scopo di questo lavoro è dimostrare quanto lo scrittore abbia anticipato temi che oggi appartengono all’emergenza ambientale. Rodari dedica all’ambiente e alla natura poesie, favole e articoli; a livello di metodo la ricerca parte dalla schedatura completa di tutti i testi rodariani presenti su volumi e riviste e si sviluppa sia attraverso la valutazione dei temi più ricorrenti (la scarsa attenzione degli adulti alle esigenze dei bambini, la speculazione edilizia, le stagioni che cambiano, gli animali che non riescono più ad orientarsi nelle città soffocate dall’inquinamento), sia attraverso la valutazione dello stile di Rodari, mai didascalico e sempre teso alla leggerezza del sorriso. I risultati confermano che lo scrittore attraverso la dimensione fantastica riesce a far emergere l’importanza del rispetto dell’ambiente e il ruolo che l’infanzia può avere nello sviluppo di idee positive verso l’ambiente. Le conclusioni ribadiscono l’attualità dei testi di Rodari in ambito ecologico e la loro validità in campo educativo.
在他的作品中,吉阿尼·罗达里(Gianni Rodari)总是对环境和自然语言有一种敏锐的洞察力,在那些年里,对自然的积极和美丽的看法仍然占主导地位,他能够创作出既有趣又能让读者思考的作品。这项工作的目的是证明作者预测了今天属于环境紧急情况的主题的程度。罗达里致力于环境和自然,诗歌、童话和文章;完整的记录部分的研究方法层面上所有文本rodariani卷和杂志的发展是通过评估最申请人(成人很少注意的问题儿童的需要,房地产投机,季节的变化,动物无法集中于城市污染扼杀),都通过Rodari方式的评估,从来没有标题,总是对微笑的轻盈感到紧张。结果证实,作者通过其奇妙的维度,成功地突出了尊重环境的重要性以及儿童在发展积极的环境思想方面可以发挥的作用。结论重申了罗达里关于环境问题的报告的相关性及其在教育领域的价值。
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引用次数: 0
Andrea Camilleri in Polonia: un contributo alla ricerca Andrea Camilleri在波兰:对研究的贡献
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.08
Adrianna Sowińska
Andrea Camilleri (1925–2019), one of the most prominent contemporary Italian writers, made a name for himself and won extraordinary popularity with readers as an author of crime fiction, including novels and short stories. Italian literary critics regard him as an undisputed master of Italian mystery writing. The paper seeks to synthetise the available data on the reception of Camilleri’s work in Poland by the end of 2021. The argument begins with an outline of Camilleri’s life and work, which is followed by a survey of the studies of his writings. These findings are complemented with statistics concerning his books on the Polish publishing market. Camilleri’s writing and publishing career represents an interesting research field that has been explored by Polish scholars for more than twenty years now. His fiction, which found its way into Poland with a considerable delay, has since garnered the appreciation of both readers and literary critics, as well as inviting interest from the media. Camilleri’s art as a novelist has also drawn the attention of Polish scholars, primarily literature researchers.
安德烈·卡米列里(1925-2019)是意大利当代最杰出的作家之一,以长篇小说和短篇小说等犯罪小说闻名于世,在读者中广受欢迎。意大利文学评论家认为他是意大利悬疑文学无可争议的大师。本文试图综合到2021年底卡米列里在波兰工作的接收情况的现有数据。本文首先概述了卡米列里的生活和工作,然后对他的作品进行了研究。这些发现与他的书在波兰出版市场的统计数据相辅相成。卡米莱里的写作和出版生涯代表了一个有趣的研究领域,波兰学者已经探索了二十多年。他的小说在相当长一段时间后才进入波兰,此后获得了读者和文学评论家的赞赏,也引起了媒体的兴趣。卡米列里作为小说家的艺术也引起了波兰学者的注意,主要是文学研究者。
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引用次数: 0
Wasted world o sporco mondo: tradurre i testi divulgativi per ragazzi sull’ambiente 浪费的世界或肮脏的世界:翻译传播给儿童的关于环境的文本
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.07
Annalisa Sezzi
The paper focuses on the Italian translations of two English informational books for children: Wasted World (2009) and Kids Fight Climate Change (2020), which deal with environmental issues. Informational books texts result from a complex dissemination process aimed at making specialised knowledge comprehensible to young readers. To achieve this purpose, informational books rely on various discursive popularising strategies, such as an array of explanations, and various methods for eliciting readers’ engagement, such as questions and irony. Indeed, they are part of what has come to be known as “edutainment,” in which education and entertainment are intertwined to create a “hybrid genre” (Buckingham and Scanlon, 2005). As the texts examined in the paper engage with ecology and environmental issues, they have a dual purpose: to inform and to raise awareness (ecoliteracy). Despite the importance of popularising texts, the translation of such products is still an underexplored field of research. The comparative analysis of the two English texts and their respective Italian translations centres on how global warming and climate change are described in the source and target texts. It examines how the popularising strategies are translated, given their importance in knowledge dissemination for children. The findings indicate that Italian translations, though retaining the combination of education and entertainment, tend to be more precise and more complex than the source texts. This is in line with the intercultural differences identified between Low Context (LC) cultures and High Context (HC) cultures.
本文重点研究了两本儿童英语信息书籍的意大利语翻译:《浪费的世界》(2009)和《儿童应对气候变化》(2020),这两本书都涉及环境问题。信息性书籍文本是一个复杂的传播过程的产物,其目的是使年轻读者能够理解专业知识。为了达到这一目的,信息性书籍依赖于各种话语普及策略,例如一系列解释,以及各种引起读者参与的方法,例如问题和讽刺。事实上,它们是被称为“寓教于乐”的一部分,其中教育和娱乐交织在一起,创造了一种“混合类型”(Buckingham和Scanlon, 2005)。由于论文中研究的文本涉及生态和环境问题,它们有双重目的:告知和提高意识(生态素养)。尽管文本大众化具有重要意义,但这类产品的翻译仍然是一个未被充分开发的研究领域。两个英文文本及其各自的意大利语翻译的比较分析集中在如何在源文本和目标文本中描述全球变暖和气候变化。鉴于普及战略在向儿童传播知识方面的重要性,它审查了如何落实这些战略。研究结果表明,意大利语翻译虽然保留了教育和娱乐的结合,但往往比原文更精确、更复杂。这与低语境(LC)文化和高语境(HC)文化之间的跨文化差异是一致的。
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引用次数: 0
Lumberjanes e Hilda, serie a fumetti scout tra ecocritica ed ecofemminismo 伐木工人和希尔达,生态批判和生态女权主义的童子军连环画
Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2022.13.1.04
D. Forni
Among the forms of children’s literature that deal with the complex relationship between humanity and nature, comics can offer various insights on the topic for boys and girls. In particular, children’s stories have recently revitalized the scout movement, interpreting it through new values related to identity, gender and ecology. This paper will consider two comic book series on scouting, Hilda (Luke Pearson, 2011–2019) and Lumberjanes (Noelle Stevenson, 2014–2020). Both works tell the story of a diverse group of characters involved in scouting activities: the stories, developed in natural settings, portray the growth of young and peculiar characters who, through constant contact with the environment, show a strong respect for both nature and the peer group, in a peaceful and adventurous coexistence with the environment and the different forms of life that inhabit it. The essay aims to develop a first state of the art that highlights new interpretative strands in this literary genre through an ecocritical and ecofeminist lens. The study explores the two works in a comparative perspective, so as to show how comic book narratives can present interesting ecological and egalitarian dynamics, in this case through the experience of scouting.
在处理人类与自然之间复杂关系的儿童文学形式中,漫画可以为男孩和女孩提供关于这个主题的各种见解。特别是,儿童故事最近重振了童军运动,通过与身份、性别和生态有关的新价值观来诠释它。本文将考虑两个关于童子军的漫画系列,希尔达(卢克·皮尔逊,2011-2019)和伐木工人(诺埃尔·史蒂文森,2014-2020)。这两部作品都讲述了参与童军活动的一群不同的人物的故事:这些故事在自然环境中发展,描绘了年轻而独特的人物的成长,他们通过与环境的不断接触,表现出对自然和同伴群体的强烈尊重,与环境和栖息在其中的不同形式的生命和平而冒险地共存。本文旨在通过生态批评和生态女性主义的视角,发展出一种新的艺术状态,突出了这种文学类型的新解释。本研究从比较的角度探讨了这两部作品,以展示漫画书叙事如何通过童子军的经历来呈现有趣的生态和平等主义动态。
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引用次数: 0
Quo vadis all’italiana Monika Woźniak, Katarzyna Biernacka-Licznar, Jan Rybicki (2020). 120 lat recepcji „Quo vadis” Henryka Sienkiewicza we Włoszech. Warszawa – Bellerive-sur-Allier: Wydawnictwo DiG – Edition La Rama, pp. 281
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.15804/iw.2021.12.2.11
Jadwiga Miszalska
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引用次数: 0
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Italica Wratislaviensia
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