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A study on Covid 19's ethical repercussions on business and Corporate Social Responsibility 2019冠状病毒病对商业和企业社会责任的伦理影响研究
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v11n03.003
D. Sheerin
The purpose of this paper is to investigate various business approaches to the Covid-19 pandemic primarily from the lens of ethics. In addition to this, it intends to provide recommendations to businesses with regard to the role they play in combating the epidemic and the consequences of its spread during these trying times. Which choices should be made by companies in light of the current situation? What moral repercussions are necessary to carefully consider before taking any action? To what extent does the law take into account the complexities of issues pertaining to corporate social responsibility?
本文的目的是主要从伦理的角度调查应对Covid-19大流行的各种商业方法。除此之外,它还打算向企业提出建议,说明它们在这一艰难时期在防治这一流行病方面发挥的作用及其蔓延的后果。针对当前的形势,企业应该做出哪些选择?在采取任何行动之前,需要仔细考虑哪些道德后果?法律在多大程度上考虑到企业社会责任相关问题的复杂性?
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引用次数: 0
Situational Analysis of Selected S&T-Based Social Enterprises in Batangas Province, Philippines toward a Policy Framework 菲律宾八打雁省科技型社会企业走向政策框架的情境分析
Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v11n03.001
John Hernandez, Jaine C. Reyes
Social Enterprises (SEs) can potentially facilitate social innovation. This study was designed to understand the situation of selected SEs in Batangas province run by Community-based Associations with DOST Grants-In-Aid Projects. The study described each SE, determined their problem situations, and analyzed surrounding institutional arrangements among them to formulate a policy framework. Data were gathered through FGDs and KIIs among SEs and their assisting institutions. The data went through two-level coding and were further analyzed using CIPP Evaluation Model and EPISTLE Analysis Tool. Social Enterprises Quality Indicators by PhilSEN were used to evaluate the SE’s business management performance, social responsibility and performance, and environment and cultural practices. Results showed that the seven selected SEs are legally registered with existence ranging from 0-20 years. Most of them belong in the food processing sector. Majority met the standards for Business and Management Performance, Social Responsibility and Performance, and Environment and Cultural Practice. Problem situation of SEs identified were related to association, production, market, and financial. The association problems were mainly caused by members; production problems were interrelated and influenced by lack of funds; market problems included customer complaints; and financial problems were associated with low income. Most problem situations influence SEs’ overall operations. Meanwhile, majority of the selected SEs did not consider any direct influence from legal and environmental factors, but admitted to be influenced by political and economic environment, and socio-cultural factors. All the selected SEs consider institutions as support mechanisms for growth and source of improvement for their product, process, and promotion. However, only informal institutional arrangements were in place. A policy framework was formulated at the end of the study. It embeds analysis approaches to better understand the background and broader problem situations, influences, and institutional interventions to determine possible policy actions. The framework highlights a five-level process needed to set up guidelines for S&T-Based SEs.
社会企业可以潜在地促进社会创新。这项研究的目的是了解八打雁省由社区协会与科技部赠款援助项目管理的选定中小企业的情况。该研究描述了每个SE,确定了它们的问题情况,并分析了它们之间的周围制度安排,以制定政策框架。数据是通过中小企业及其协助机构的综合发展指标和基础教育指标收集的。数据经过两级编码,并进一步使用CIPP评价模型和EPISTLE分析工具进行分析。使用PhilSEN的社会企业质量指标来评估企业的经营管理绩效、社会责任和绩效以及环境和文化实践。结果表明,入选的7家企业均为合法注册企业,存在时间0 ~ 20年不等。其中大多数属于食品加工行业。大多数公司达到了业务和管理绩效、社会责任和绩效以及环境和文化实践的标准。所发现的中小企业的问题情况与协会、生产、市场和财务有关。协会问题主要是由会员造成的;生产问题相互关联,并受到缺乏资金的影响;市场问题包括客户投诉;经济问题与低收入有关。大多数问题情况都会影响企业的整体运营。与此同时,大多数入选的中小企业没有考虑法律和环境因素的直接影响,但承认受到政治经济环境和社会文化因素的影响。所有选定的企业都将机构视为增长的支持机制,以及产品、流程和推广的改进来源。但是,只有非正式的体制安排。在研究结束时制定了一个政策框架。它嵌入了分析方法,以更好地了解背景和更广泛的问题情况、影响和制度干预,以确定可能的政策行动。该框架强调了为基于科技的社会企业制定指导方针所需的一个五级过程。
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引用次数: 0
From traditional leadership to transformative leadership: A conceptual study on the Leadership Style of the School Principals 从传统领导到变革领导:学校校长领导风格的概念研究
Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v11n02.001
S. Dey, Amita Patra, Dillip Giri, Kanak Madrecha
Introduction: The effectiveness of a school is largely dependent upon its principal. His behavior influences the way a school functions. The most crucial factor in any school is the leadership behavior of the principal and how the principal carries out his leadership behavior and how that reflects the efficiency of school functioning. Today one can notice there is a phenomenal change in the leadership behavior of the principal. Now the environment they are working in is very competitive, advanced, and technical. There are a lot of risks they are encountering in every situation to give their school a sustainable future. In one way they have to address the expectation of society and in the other, they are to meet the expectation of the management. Though their position is tough yet they have to continue their performance up to the satisfaction of the stakeholders. Rationale: The previous research studies were mostly centered on a traditional concept of the leadership style of the principal, which narrows down the role of the principal, and most considered him an instructional leader. Considering this is a research gap the researchers conducted qualitative research on the transformative leadership style of the principal. The ethnographic interview and ethnographic observation established the authenticity and internal consistency of the data and the results thus derived were with a high level of validity. Objective: The purpose of the study was to study the leadership behavior of the school principal concerning transformative leadership style and also to compare the effectiveness of transformative leadership styles concerning the outcomes of the school. Methods: This is a Qualitative Research (QR). Considering the nature of the research, the researchers decided to use a typical research design named concept analysis, since the research tries to identify the insight of the principal towards transformative leadership style through the opinion of their staff members. Research Tools: The Researcher prepared an interview schedule with the questions which were modified from the original questionnaire named, Leadership Behaviors Development Questionnaire (LBDQ) developed by Ohio State University, USA. Data Collection techniques: The data was collected through an Ethnographic interview and Ethnographic observation schedule over an extended period and the writing of extensive field notes by the researchers. Data analysis and interpretation: As this is a qualitative research design, after the data was collected, an in-depth analysis was done, to remove data redundancy, bring stability to the opinion of the respondents, to compare & contrast the opinion of the participants in non-contrived situations. Results: It was found that mostly the principals of urban-based secondary schools are much more aware, motivated, and active in the implementation of transformational leadership style compared to their counterparts in the schools located in the rural area. Again,
一所学校的成效很大程度上取决于它的校长。他的行为影响了学校的运作方式。在任何一所学校,最关键的因素是校长的领导行为,以及校长如何实施他的领导行为,以及这如何反映学校运作的效率。今天,人们可以注意到校长的领导行为发生了惊人的变化。现在他们所处的环境竞争激烈,技术先进。为了让他们的学校有一个可持续的未来,他们在任何情况下都会遇到很多风险。一方面,他们必须满足社会的期望,另一方面,他们要满足管理层的期望。虽然他们的处境艰难,但他们必须继续他们的表现,直到利益相关者满意。理据:以往的研究大多集中在校长领导风格的传统概念上,这缩小了校长的角色,大多数人认为他是一个教学领导者。考虑到这是一个研究缺口,研究人员对校长的变革型领导风格进行了定性研究。民族志访谈和民族志观察建立了数据的真实性和内部一致性,由此得出的结果具有较高的效度。目的:本研究的目的是研究校长在变革型领导风格方面的领导行为,并比较变革型领导风格对学校成果的有效性。方法:采用定性研究方法。考虑到研究的性质,研究人员决定使用一个典型的研究设计命名为概念分析,因为该研究试图通过其员工的意见来确定对变革型领导风格的见解。研究工具:研究人员根据美国俄亥俄州立大学开发的领导行为发展问卷(LBDQ)的原始问卷进行了修改,并编制了访谈时间表。数据收集技术:数据是通过民族志访谈和民族志观察计划收集的,在很长一段时间内,研究人员撰写了大量的实地笔记。数据分析和解释:由于这是一个定性的研究设计,在收集数据后,进行深入的分析,以消除数据冗余,使受访者的意见稳定,比较和对比非人为情况下的参与者的意见。结果:城市中学校长实施变革型领导风格的意识、动机和主动性均高于农村中学校长。再一次,民族志观察报告说变革型领导和员工的工作满意度之间存在着非常重要的关系。与持消极转型心态的学校领导相比,工作人员的流失率更低,学校的绩效也不断提高。研究还发现,变革型领导对职业环境中的情绪控制、社会适应和创造力都有好处。报告还显示,拥有变革型领导力的学校在许多关键绩效指标(kpi)的成就方面更为领先。结论:研究的结论是校长了解持份者的期望,为学校带来创新是非常重要的。这是为学校带来可持续性和在竞争环境中崛起所必需的。
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引用次数: 0
Remittance and Agrarian Relation in Rural India 印度农村的汇款与土地关系
Pub Date : 2022-02-25 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v11n02.002
Awadhesh Kumar
This paper focuses on the use of remittance in India since new economic policy 1991 with the two objectives of relation between consumption, remittance and co2 emissions along with use of remittance in rural India. It is observed that household size is positively related to remittance income in India. That means rural urban migration plays a significant role for combating the poverty in rural India.
本文主要关注自1991年新经济政策以来印度汇款的使用,其两个目标是消费,汇款和二氧化碳排放之间的关系,以及印度农村汇款的使用。可以观察到,印度的家庭规模与汇款收入呈正相关。这意味着农村人口向城市迁移在消除印度农村贫困方面发挥着重要作用。
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引用次数: 0
Market Size estimation of Domestic Apparel Retail in India using Predictive Analytics 印度国内服装零售市场规模的预测分析
Pub Date : 2022-01-31 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v11n01.001
Kalipada Senapati, Ayan Chattopadhyay, R. Chakrabarty
The ensuing research aims at estimating the future market size of domestic Indian apparel industry. The study is based on secondary data and uses longitudinal study design. Univariate time series data is used in this study and annual retail sales data, collected from reliable secondary sources, for the period 2000 to 2019 forms the basis of generating predictive models. Owing to the available number of observations in the dataset, the researchers have considered Holt’s exponential smoothing method for the purpose of model generation and making forecasts. The absence of seasonal component in the time series data suggests the use of double exponential smoothing technique which includes effects of trend only. The analysis begins with the forecast of nineteen years with various combination of the coefficients, namely, α and β values and then deviation computed from the actual data. The deviation or the error estimates, namely MSE, MAPE, and MAD have been used to identify the best model in the present research study. The paper concludes with the actual forecasts for the next three years, 2020 till 2022 using the best model, i.e. the model which has resulted in minimum error. To the best of the knowledge of the researchers, this present study makes a maiden attempt to use Holt`s method at an individual level to predict the future market size of the second largest retail industry in India. Apart from the scholarly contribution, the researchers anticipate this study outcome likely to act as an aid to the apparel marketers for their future planning.
接下来的研究旨在估计印度国内服装行业未来的市场规模。本研究以二手资料为基础,采用纵向研究设计。本研究使用单变量时间序列数据,从可靠的二手来源收集的2000年至2019年的年度零售销售数据构成了生成预测模型的基础。由于数据集中有大量的观测值,研究人员考虑了Holt的指数平滑方法来生成模型并进行预测。由于时间序列数据中缺少季节成分,建议使用双指数平滑技术,该技术只包括趋势的影响。分析首先用不同组合的系数,即α和β值进行19年的预测,然后计算出与实际数据的偏差。在本研究中,偏差或误差估计即MSE、MAPE和MAD被用来确定最佳模型。最后用误差最小的最佳模型对未来三年(2020 - 2022)进行了实际预测。据研究人员所知,本研究首次尝试在个人层面上使用霍尔特的方法来预测印度第二大零售业的未来市场规模。除了学术贡献之外,研究人员预计这项研究的结果可能会对服装营销人员的未来规划起到帮助作用。
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引用次数: 1
The possibility of North Eastern States to lead the growth story of India: A viability study 东北各邦引领印度增长故事的可能性:可行性研究
Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v10n12.001
S. Priyadarshini
In recent years, growing concern has been noticed among Indian leaders and policy makers regarding the North East’s potentialities of growth. They have said that NE states can lead the growth story of India. Though, rich in natural resources, NE states have failed to take place among the developed states of the country. This paper deals with the question of possibility of NE states leading the growth story of India. It is based on secondary data collected from reports of the government and international organisations.
近年来,印度领导人和政策制定者越来越关注东北地区的增长潜力。他们说东北邦可以引领印度的增长故事。尽管拥有丰富的自然资源,东北邦却未能跻身发达邦之列。本文讨论东北邦引领印度增长故事的可能性问题。它基于从政府和国际组织的报告中收集的二手数据。
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引用次数: 1
A study on the role of WhatsApp as an emerging business communication tool among Startups and MSMEs in India WhatsApp作为新兴商业沟通工具在印度初创企业和中小微企业中的作用研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v10n11.002
Anil Kumar Kottani, A. K.N
Marketing Communications has been the vital part of Start-up’s and MSMEs growth in the recent years contributing to a significant change in the way the businesses are communicating after the advent of internet. After the arrival of smart phones, the interactions among business enterprises have refined completely compare to traditional interactions happening since ages among businesses. This study focusses on one such prominent communication tool which has changed the entire landscape of Start-ups and MSMEs marketing communication is “WhatsApp”. The study intends to highlight the significant roles of this powerful communication media WhatsApp among Start-up’s and MSMEs of India in terms of exchanging texts, images, videos and other documents while conducting their business on day-to-day basis. Also, the study intends to know more about WhatsApp’s benefits for Start-up’s and MSMEs in India and its future as a most cost-effective tool of marketing communication among start-ups and MSMEs.
近年来,营销传播一直是初创企业和中小微企业成长的重要组成部分,在互联网出现后,企业沟通方式发生了重大变化。智能手机出现后,企业之间的互动与传统企业之间的互动相比,已经完全细化。这项研究的重点是这样一个突出的通信工具,它已经改变了整个景观的初创企业和中小微企业营销传播是“WhatsApp”。该研究旨在强调WhatsApp这一强大的通信媒体在印度初创企业和中小微企业中在日常开展业务时交换文本、图像、视频和其他文件方面的重要作用。此外,该研究旨在更多地了解WhatsApp对印度初创企业和中小微企业的好处,以及它作为初创企业和中小微企业之间最具成本效益的营销沟通工具的未来。
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引用次数: 0
Breaking t he Mould & Rewiring Management Education 打破模式,重新布线管理教育。
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v10n11.003
Hemlata Agarwal
Introduction: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, release of New Education Policy and entry of the new generation - Gen Z, who are "location-aware" and speaks a “technological-language” in higher education as well as in work force has posed a challenge to not only educational institutes but also to recruiters. These Gen Zer’s are not fascinated to attend classes, listening to lectures, preparing notes, or mugging up for exams, In Its Place, they wish to participate in the learning process by doing practical things themselves. This necessitates a reflection on our teaching practices and learning environment to keep the students engaged in the classroom. Objective & Methodology: This paper will review Generation Z’s learning preferences from the existing literature as well as by way of an online survey to uncover some of the complex realities and challenges faced when educating Generation Z. MBA Sem III students, batch 2019-21 of a self-finance MBA institute were invited to participate in an online survey through google doc. Findings: It was found that there is a need to alter approaches of teaching to align to the beliefs and learning styles of these Generation Z. Teaching practices, course matter, and goals needs revamping to make it pertinent and connecting to this new generation of learners.
导读:新冠肺炎疫情的影响、新教育政策的发布以及新一代——Z世代——在高等教育和就业中具有“位置意识”、讲“技术语言”的人的进入,不仅给教育机构带来了挑战,也给招聘人员带来了挑战。这些“00后”并不着迷于上课、听课、记笔记或为考试而死记硬背,相反,他们希望通过自己做实际的事情来参与学习过程。这需要反思我们的教学实践和学习环境,以保持学生在课堂上的投入。目的与方法:本文将从现有文献中回顾Z世代的学习偏好,并通过在线调查的方式,揭示Z世代MBA第三代学生教育面临的一些复杂现实和挑战。一家自筹资金的MBA学院2019-21批学生受邀参加了一项通过谷歌文档进行的在线调查。研究发现:有必要改变教学方法,以适应z世代的信念和学习风格。教学实践、课程内容和目标需要改进,以使其与新一代学习者相关并联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Investment Decisions in Real Estate: A Study in Kolkata 房地产投资决策:基于加尔各答的研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v10n11.001
Dr. J. K. Das, Rajendra Nath Datta
Real Estate is being one of the flourishing sectors of the Indian Economy is expected to contribute around 13 per cent of the country’s GDP by 2025. The rapid globalization is accelerating the demand of real estate for residence and office space. The particular study is confined mainly to residential units. The main focus of the study is to analyze the factors that influence the real estate investment decision and also to find out the influence of demographic variables on the investment decisions of the real estate. For the purpose of the study 115 respondents were selected from Kolkata.
房地产是印度经济蓬勃发展的行业之一,预计到2025年将占该国GDP的13%左右。快速的全球化加速了房地产对居住和办公空间的需求。这项特别的研究主要局限于住宅单位。本研究的主要重点是分析影响房地产投资决策的因素,并找出人口变量对房地产投资决策的影响。为了研究的目的,从加尔各答选择了115名受访者。
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引用次数: 1
Assessment study on the Challenges of Project Management Knowledge Areas 项目管理知识领域挑战的评估研究
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.53983/ijmds.v10n10.001
Nahom Kebede
This study was conducted to identify the most challenging PMKAs in the external funded agricultural research projects of EIAR. The qualitative research approach with descriptive research designs was implemented. Both primary and secondary data collection methods were used. Respondents were purposively identified. Based on this technique 124 respondents were identified. Respondents were working in 30 projects. Interviewees were also organized for 30 key informants from each project. The collected data were analysed through SPSS. The Cronbach’s Alpha test result of the questionnaire is 0.85. The result shows that, challenges related with organizational environment, project risk management, project time management, project cost management, and project quality management are the most challenging knowledge areas whereas the other PMKAs are moderately challenging.
本研究旨在确定EIAR外部资助农业研究项目中最具挑战性的pmka。采用描述性研究设计的定性研究方法。采用了主要和次要数据收集方法。受访者是有目的地确定的。基于这种技术,确定了124名受访者。受访者在30个项目中工作。每个项目还组织了30名关键线人的受访者。收集的数据通过SPSS进行分析。问卷的Cronbach’s Alpha检验结果为0.85。结果表明,与组织环境、项目风险管理、项目时间管理、项目成本管理和项目质量管理相关的挑战是最具挑战性的知识领域,而其他pmka具有中等挑战性。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Management and Development Studies
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