Nitrogen is one of the key elements in the evolution and formation of stellar objects. Earth's atmosphere contains 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen; these two gases give rise to aurora when ions of the solar wind in the ionosphere collide with them. Some aerosols made of nitrogen and oxygen are also found in the atmosphere. Nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are the main contributors to the origin of life on Earth. The spectrum of nitrogen ion (N V) has been studied using Quantum defect theory (QDT) and Numerical Coulombic approximation (NCA). N V has two electrons in the core, with the nucleus, and one electron outside the core. It makes it hydrogen or lithium-like. In the first part, the energies of the ns, np, nd, and nf up to n < 30 were calculated with the help of QDT. In the second part, the wavelengths were calculated using the energies and line strength parameters using NCA. Very little experimental data on lifetime and transition probability are available; however, Biemont et al. have calculated the lifetime of the 48 levels of N V using coulomb approximation. In this study, we calculated the lifetime of 196 multiplets of N V. The results are compared with the available experimental and theoretical lifetimes; an excellent agreement was found between known lifetimes and calculated in this work. The lifetimes of 100 multiplets are presented for the first time. The lifetimes of each of the Rydberg series of N V were fitted, and a third-degree polynomial represents the lifetimes of each series.
{"title":"Mean Lifetimes of ns, np, nd, & nf Levels of N V","authors":"Rizwana Siddique, Roohi Zafar, Salman Raza, S.M. Zeeshan Iqbal, Zaheer Uddin","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-46","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is one of the key elements in the evolution and formation of stellar objects. Earth's atmosphere contains 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen; these two gases give rise to aurora when ions of the solar wind in the ionosphere collide with them. Some aerosols made of nitrogen and oxygen are also found in the atmosphere. Nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen are the main contributors to the origin of life on Earth. The spectrum of nitrogen ion (N V) has been studied using Quantum defect theory (QDT) and Numerical Coulombic approximation (NCA). N V has two electrons in the core, with the nucleus, and one electron outside the core. It makes it hydrogen or lithium-like. In the first part, the energies of the ns, np, nd, and nf up to n < 30 were calculated with the help of QDT. In the second part, the wavelengths were calculated using the energies and line strength parameters using NCA. Very little experimental data on lifetime and transition probability are available; however, Biemont et al. have calculated the lifetime of the 48 levels of N V using coulomb approximation. In this study, we calculated the lifetime of 196 multiplets of N V. The results are compared with the available experimental and theoretical lifetimes; an excellent agreement was found between known lifetimes and calculated in this work. The lifetimes of 100 multiplets are presented for the first time. The lifetimes of each of the Rydberg series of N V were fitted, and a third-degree polynomial represents the lifetimes of each series.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-70
Mohammed H.H. Al-Jassani, Aqeel I. Faris, Hussein H. Khudhur
The optical output of a semiconductor laser can fluctuate chaotically by modulating its direct current in limited conditions of the modulated current signal parameters in terms of modulation frequency and modulation index. In this work, single, double, and chaotic pulses of an InGaAsP laser with direct current modulation, are numerically presented through a bifurcation diagram. Numerically, the unidirectional optical coupling system realizes chaotic synchronization between two identical InGaAsP lasers with direct current modulation, as the transmitter/receiver configuration. The transmission time for transmitting light from the transmitted laser to the received laser is essential for controlling the quality of chaos synchronization. The transmission time applies on the order of nanoseconds. Chaos synchronization quality is estimated by a correlation plot and calculated by the cross-correlation coefficient. This study observed the best synchronization quality (complete chaos synchronization) when the two lasers are identical. On the other hand, the chaotic synchronization between two non-identical InGaAsP lasers was investigated. In this case, complete chaos synchronization is not found, and the quality of chaotic synchronization was observed to decrease as the mismatch between the parameters of the two lasers increased.
{"title":"Chaos Synchronization of InGaAsP Lasers","authors":"Mohammed H.H. Al-Jassani, Aqeel I. Faris, Hussein H. Khudhur","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-70","url":null,"abstract":"The optical output of a semiconductor laser can fluctuate chaotically by modulating its direct current in limited conditions of the modulated current signal parameters in terms of modulation frequency and modulation index. In this work, single, double, and chaotic pulses of an InGaAsP laser with direct current modulation, are numerically presented through a bifurcation diagram. Numerically, the unidirectional optical coupling system realizes chaotic synchronization between two identical InGaAsP lasers with direct current modulation, as the transmitter/receiver configuration. The transmission time for transmitting light from the transmitted laser to the received laser is essential for controlling the quality of chaos synchronization. The transmission time applies on the order of nanoseconds. Chaos synchronization quality is estimated by a correlation plot and calculated by the cross-correlation coefficient. This study observed the best synchronization quality (complete chaos synchronization) when the two lasers are identical. On the other hand, the chaotic synchronization between two non-identical InGaAsP lasers was investigated. In this case, complete chaos synchronization is not found, and the quality of chaotic synchronization was observed to decrease as the mismatch between the parameters of the two lasers increased.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-68
Pylyp Kuznietsov, Yuriy A. Kasatkin, Vyacheslav F. Klepikov
Three-nucleon systems are essential for the investigation of many-body forces in nuclear physics. Well-grounded parametrization of their vertex functions with further application for the calculation of cross-sections in nonlocal QED approach provides the ground for investigation of the variety of multi-particle systems. In present paper we describe the process of parametrization of two-particle photo-breakup amplitudes of three-nucleon systems (3H, 3He). We provide the general description of the wave function construction for three-nucleon systems as well as the parametrization of their vertex functions accounting two- and three-nucleon interactions based on meson exchange current formalism. In our calculations we account first and second order one-pion exchange terms and the term related to the exchange of ω and ρ mesons. The three-nucleon interaction potential is given as a sum of attraction (two-pion exchange) term andappropriate repulsive part. Based on the variational ”Urbana + Model VII” amplitudes we provide the results for energy dependence of differential cross-section of 3He(γ, p)d reaction at proton angle θ = 90◦ from the threshold up to Eγ = 40 MeV and compare theoretical predictions with the available experimental data. The investigation is also provided for angular cross-section distributions at high photon energies (Eγ = 305 ± 5 MeV; 365 ± 5 MeV; 450 ± 10 MeV and 675 ± 50 MeV). Correct description of 3H, 3He photo-disintegration processes in a unified approach based on the gauge nature of the electromagnetic field implies application of this model for other multi-particle systems.
{"title":"Amplitudes of 3H, 3He Two-Particle Photo-Breakup in Non-Local QED Approach","authors":"Pylyp Kuznietsov, Yuriy A. Kasatkin, Vyacheslav F. Klepikov","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-68","url":null,"abstract":"Three-nucleon systems are essential for the investigation of many-body forces in nuclear physics. Well-grounded parametrization of their vertex functions with further application for the calculation of cross-sections in nonlocal QED approach provides the ground for investigation of the variety of multi-particle systems. In present paper we describe the process of parametrization of two-particle photo-breakup amplitudes of three-nucleon systems (3H, 3He). We provide the general description of the wave function construction for three-nucleon systems as well as the parametrization of their vertex functions accounting two- and three-nucleon interactions based on meson exchange current formalism. In our calculations we account first and second order one-pion exchange terms and the term related to the exchange of ω and ρ mesons. The three-nucleon interaction potential is given as a sum of attraction (two-pion exchange) term andappropriate repulsive part. Based on the variational ”Urbana + Model VII” amplitudes we provide the results for energy dependence of differential cross-section of 3He(γ, p)d reaction at proton angle θ = 90◦ from the threshold up to Eγ = 40 MeV and compare theoretical predictions with the available experimental data. The investigation is also provided for angular cross-section distributions at high photon energies (Eγ = 305 ± 5 MeV; 365 ± 5 MeV; 450 ± 10 MeV and 675 ± 50 MeV). Correct description of 3H, 3He photo-disintegration processes in a unified approach based on the gauge nature of the electromagnetic field implies application of this model for other multi-particle systems.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-20
Muhammad Jawad, Mubeen Alam, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
The current study illuminates the enactment of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a bidirectional stretchable surface. The phenomena of heat and mass transfer with joule heating, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation have been debated. For the motivation of the problem, convective boundary conditions are part of this study. The modeled partial differential equations are mended into ordinary differential equations with the help of appropriate self-similarity transformations. Furthermore, the resulting system of ODEs is numerically handled by using well-established shooting scheme and acquired numerical outcomes are compared with ND Solve command of Mathematica. The Effects of prominent parameters on velocity, temperature and volumetric concentration distribution are inspected through graphs. The influence of emerging parameters involved in this study on flow and heat removal features are deliberated in detail. As we are increasing the values of power-law index n, Prandtl number Pr and Magnetic parameter M, outcomes increment in skin friction coefficient while decline in the Nusselt number is seen.
{"title":"Investigation of Thermal Radiative Tangent Hyperbolic Nanofluid Flow Due to Stretched Sheet","authors":"Muhammad Jawad, Mubeen Alam, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-20","url":null,"abstract":"The current study illuminates the enactment of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a bidirectional stretchable surface. The phenomena of heat and mass transfer with joule heating, chemical reaction, and thermal radiation have been debated. For the motivation of the problem, convective boundary conditions are part of this study. The modeled partial differential equations are mended into ordinary differential equations with the help of appropriate self-similarity transformations. Furthermore, the resulting system of ODEs is numerically handled by using well-established shooting scheme and acquired numerical outcomes are compared with ND Solve command of Mathematica. The Effects of prominent parameters on velocity, temperature and volumetric concentration distribution are inspected through graphs. The influence of emerging parameters involved in this study on flow and heat removal features are deliberated in detail. As we are increasing the values of power-law index n, Prandtl number Pr and Magnetic parameter M, outcomes increment in skin friction coefficient while decline in the Nusselt number is seen.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"22 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135369548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-65
Hmoud Al Dmour
Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (SSDSC) have been fabricated using two different metal oxide materials, graphene oxide and titanium oxide, are used as hole and electron transport materials, respectively. The N719 dye ruthenium between the hole and electron transport materials to act as an absorber layer in your Go/N719dye/TiO2 solar cells. Through the SCAPS-1D simulation, it was found that the Go/N719dye/TiO2 solar cells have significantly improved the performance of the solar cells compared to the Go/TiO2 solar cells. Specifically, the short circuit current (Jsc) has increased from 0.17 mA/cm2 to 1 mA/cm2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) has increased from 0.2 V to 1 V, and the power conversion efficiency (η) has increased from 0.02% to 2.5%. Additionally, Various factors that can affect the performance of Go/N719 dye/TiO2 solar cells. It was found that the optimal dye thickness for achieving high short circuit current density, high power conversion efficiency, and high open circuit voltage is between 200nm and 300nm. Furthermore, the operating temperature of the solar cells also affects their performance. Increasing the operating temperature negatively affects the open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the cells, while the short circuit current density is slightly enhanced. Finally, the efficiency of a solar cell can be affected by the type of metal used for the electrode and the type of semiconductor material used in the cell. In Ni and Cu electrodes solar cells ohmic contacts allow for efficient transfer of electrons, whereas Schottky barriers can impede electron flow and reduce efficiency in Mo and Ag electrodes solar cells .
{"title":"SCAPS Numerical Analysis of Graphene Oxide /TiO2 Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell Sensitized byN719 Ruthenium Dye","authors":"Hmoud Al Dmour","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-65","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (SSDSC) have been fabricated using two different metal oxide materials, graphene oxide and titanium oxide, are used as hole and electron transport materials, respectively. The N719 dye ruthenium between the hole and electron transport materials to act as an absorber layer in your Go/N719dye/TiO2 solar cells. Through the SCAPS-1D simulation, it was found that the Go/N719dye/TiO2 solar cells have significantly improved the performance of the solar cells compared to the Go/TiO2 solar cells. Specifically, the short circuit current (Jsc) has increased from 0.17 mA/cm2 to 1 mA/cm2, the open circuit voltage (Voc) has increased from 0.2 V to 1 V, and the power conversion efficiency (η) has increased from 0.02% to 2.5%. Additionally, Various factors that can affect the performance of Go/N719 dye/TiO2 solar cells. It was found that the optimal dye thickness for achieving high short circuit current density, high power conversion efficiency, and high open circuit voltage is between 200nm and 300nm. Furthermore, the operating temperature of the solar cells also affects their performance. Increasing the operating temperature negatively affects the open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency of the cells, while the short circuit current density is slightly enhanced. Finally, the efficiency of a solar cell can be affected by the type of metal used for the electrode and the type of semiconductor material used in the cell. In Ni and Cu electrodes solar cells ohmic contacts allow for efficient transfer of electrons, whereas Schottky barriers can impede electron flow and reduce efficiency in Mo and Ag electrodes solar cells .","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-39
Mohd Abdul Shukur, Katrapally Vijaya Kumar, Gade Narsinga Rao
Nanocrystalline La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15MnO3 (LSCMO) manganites were prepared by the combustion process and heated to various annealing temperatures (TA) to get various sized crystallites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns provided evidence that a Rhombohedral structure with space group was formed. Additionally, an increase in the size of the crystallites was observed, from 15.64 to 36.78nm, as the temperature (TA) increased from 700℃ to 1300℃. The FESEM micrographs revealed that homogeneous with porosity. The FTIR spectra showed five absorption peaks. The Optical energy gap of LSCMO nanocrystalline is decreased from 3.51 to 3.28 eV as annealed temperature raised, reveals that the LSCMO nanoparticles are semiconductor in nature. Room temperature Raman spectra of LSCMO nanoparticles demonstrate a notable reliance on annealing temperature. When the Raman modes were analysed with respect to TA, it was observed that the Raman vibrational phonon mode below 200cm-1 (A1g) and four modes (Eg) in the range 200-800cm-1 displayed significant displacements and widening, which were associated with oxygen sublattice distortion. Considerable changes were observed in both the intensity and full width half maximum (FWHM) of the five Raman modes as the annealing temperature increased. Magnetic behaviour using M-H loop at room temperature were measured by the Vibrating sample magnetometer revealed that gradation of saturation magnetization as the function of annealing temperature. Hence there is a remarkable crystallite size effect on optical and magnetic properties of LSCMO nanocrystallites.
{"title":"Impact of Crystallite Size on Structural, Optical and Magnetic Characteristics of La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15MnO3 Nanocrystalline","authors":"Mohd Abdul Shukur, Katrapally Vijaya Kumar, Gade Narsinga Rao","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-39","url":null,"abstract":"Nanocrystalline La0.7Sr0.15Ca0.15MnO3 (LSCMO) manganites were prepared by the combustion process and heated to various annealing temperatures (TA) to get various sized crystallites. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns provided evidence that a Rhombohedral structure with space group was formed. Additionally, an increase in the size of the crystallites was observed, from 15.64 to 36.78nm, as the temperature (TA) increased from 700℃ to 1300℃. The FESEM micrographs revealed that homogeneous with porosity. The FTIR spectra showed five absorption peaks. The Optical energy gap of LSCMO nanocrystalline is decreased from 3.51 to 3.28 eV as annealed temperature raised, reveals that the LSCMO nanoparticles are semiconductor in nature. Room temperature Raman spectra of LSCMO nanoparticles demonstrate a notable reliance on annealing temperature. When the Raman modes were analysed with respect to TA, it was observed that the Raman vibrational phonon mode below 200cm-1 (A1g) and four modes (Eg) in the range 200-800cm-1 displayed significant displacements and widening, which were associated with oxygen sublattice distortion. Considerable changes were observed in both the intensity and full width half maximum (FWHM) of the five Raman modes as the annealing temperature increased. Magnetic behaviour using M-H loop at room temperature were measured by the Vibrating sample magnetometer revealed that gradation of saturation magnetization as the function of annealing temperature. Hence there is a remarkable crystallite size effect on optical and magnetic properties of LSCMO nanocrystallites.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-31
Ali Amiar, Okba Belahssen, Mebrouk Ghougali, Mourad Mimouni, Ghani Rihia, Mohammed Sadok Mahboub, Yamina Benkrima
In this study, we prepared mixtures of nickel oxide (NiO) and zinc (ZnO) in different proportions as thin films on high-purity glass substrates, using pyrolysis spray technique. Where samples of mixtures were precipitated from two solutions of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2 ·6H2O) and zinc acetate (C4 H6O4 Zn·2H2O) mixed in different proportions. Then the optical and structural properties of the prepared samples were studied. The transmittance decreases with the increase in the percentage of nickel oxide, which means that increasing the zinc oxide improves the transmittance in all the studied spectral fields. Samples with higher zinc oxide (ZnO) have two energy gaps. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface morphology of the films has a relatively homogeneous composition. Where it was observed that increasing the proportion of zinc oxide leads to the appearance of zinc oxide granules clearly.
{"title":"Structural and Optical Prperties of (ZnO/NiO) Thin Films Mixture","authors":"Ali Amiar, Okba Belahssen, Mebrouk Ghougali, Mourad Mimouni, Ghani Rihia, Mohammed Sadok Mahboub, Yamina Benkrima","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-31","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we prepared mixtures of nickel oxide (NiO) and zinc (ZnO) in different proportions as thin films on high-purity glass substrates, using pyrolysis spray technique. Where samples of mixtures were precipitated from two solutions of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2 ·6H2O) and zinc acetate (C4 H6O4 Zn·2H2O) mixed in different proportions. Then the optical and structural properties of the prepared samples were studied. The transmittance decreases with the increase in the percentage of nickel oxide, which means that increasing the zinc oxide improves the transmittance in all the studied spectral fields. Samples with higher zinc oxide (ZnO) have two energy gaps. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface morphology of the films has a relatively homogeneous composition. Where it was observed that increasing the proportion of zinc oxide leads to the appearance of zinc oxide granules clearly.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-58
Wasmaa A. Jabbar, Ayser Hemed, Mayyadah Fadhala, Ismaeel Al-Baidhany
In this simulation study, Optisystem 18 software is used to monitor and study the effectiveness of side strain on selected lengths of two virtual uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The operational FBG sensor Bragg wavelength was 1550 nm, which is used to find the measured shift in deflected light source optical spectrum. This value is also supplied by the light source to offer the minimum absorption and attenuation during transmission inside the optical fiber. Reliability of the sensor and technique of transferring the signal under such effect are screened. The investigator is also used to observe the shift in wavelength with altered applied side strain. The influence of sensor active length on side strain sensitivity is studied where according to theory, the length of the FBG influences the sensitivity via reflectivity . The constructed sensor sensitivity is observed against length before and during the experiment. The sensing principle, in essence, depends on tracking the wavelength shift due to the variation of such strain. Results achieved in this study show an inverse relationship between sensor effective length and shift in the observed wavelength. The measured strain sensitivity is carried out for the active sensor length, which ranges from 0.05 to 15 cm, with corresponding sensitivity values of 1.19 pm/ OC to 0.9 pm/OC, respectively, under the same strain conditions. The empirical results also show the success of the suggested sensing system in measuring strain. The strain measurement, ε, is linearly increasing, identical to the increasing values of the wavelength shift of Bragg. It's also been observed that the wavelength of Bragg is shifting during small ratios in the length protraction of the FBGs.
{"title":"Characterization Study of Double Filtered Sensor Length Effect on Strain Sensitivity","authors":"Wasmaa A. Jabbar, Ayser Hemed, Mayyadah Fadhala, Ismaeel Al-Baidhany","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-58","url":null,"abstract":"In this simulation study, Optisystem 18 software is used to monitor and study the effectiveness of side strain on selected lengths of two virtual uniform fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The operational FBG sensor Bragg wavelength was 1550 nm, which is used to find the measured shift in deflected light source optical spectrum. This value is also supplied by the light source to offer the minimum absorption and attenuation during transmission inside the optical fiber. Reliability of the sensor and technique of transferring the signal under such effect are screened. The investigator is also used to observe the shift in wavelength with altered applied side strain. The influence of sensor active length on side strain sensitivity is studied where according to theory, the length of the FBG influences the sensitivity via reflectivity . The constructed sensor sensitivity is observed against length before and during the experiment. The sensing principle, in essence, depends on tracking the wavelength shift due to the variation of such strain. Results achieved in this study show an inverse relationship between sensor effective length and shift in the observed wavelength. The measured strain sensitivity is carried out for the active sensor length, which ranges from 0.05 to 15 cm, with corresponding sensitivity values of 1.19 pm/ OC to 0.9 pm/OC, respectively, under the same strain conditions. The empirical results also show the success of the suggested sensing system in measuring strain. The strain measurement, ε, is linearly increasing, identical to the increasing values of the wavelength shift of Bragg. It's also been observed that the wavelength of Bragg is shifting during small ratios in the length protraction of the FBGs.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135498244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-50
Natalya K. Blinova, Mikhail V. Nesterenko, Viktor A. Katrich
The problem of connecting three electrodynamic volumes with ideally conducting walls through electrically narrow rectilinear connecting slots and a radiating slot is solved by the generalized method of induced magnetomotive forces (MMF). The solution is obtained in an analytical form, taking into account the finite thickness of the walls of the connected volumes. The volumes are an infinite rectangular waveguide excited by a fundamental wave, a rectangular cavity resonator, and a half-space above an infinite plane. The energy characteristics of this system have been comprehensively studied depending on the geometric parameters of the constituent elements of the structure under consideration.
{"title":"Multiparameter Control of Energy Characteristics of Waveguide-Cavity Resonator-Slot Radiators","authors":"Natalya K. Blinova, Mikhail V. Nesterenko, Viktor A. Katrich","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-50","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of connecting three electrodynamic volumes with ideally conducting walls through electrically narrow rectilinear connecting slots and a radiating slot is solved by the generalized method of induced magnetomotive forces (MMF). The solution is obtained in an analytical form, taking into account the finite thickness of the walls of the connected volumes. The volumes are an infinite rectangular waveguide excited by a fundamental wave, a rectangular cavity resonator, and a half-space above an infinite plane. The energy characteristics of this system have been comprehensively studied depending on the geometric parameters of the constituent elements of the structure under consideration.","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-04DOI: 10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-10
Ulugbek I. Erkaboev, Rustamjon G. Rakhimov
In this work, the influence of two-dimensional state density on oscillations of transverse electrical conductivity in heterostructures with rectangular quantum wells is investigated. A new analytical expression is derived for calculating the temperature dependence of the transverse electrical conductivity oscillation and the magnetoresistance of a quantum well. For the first time, a mechanism has been developed for oscillating the transverse electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance of a quantum well from the first-order derivative of the magnetic field (differential) at low temperatures and weak magnetic fields. The oscillations of electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance of a narrow-band quantum well with a non-parabolic dispersion law are investigated. The proposed theory investigated the results of experiments of a narrow-band quantum well (InxGa1-xSb).
{"title":"Determination of the Dependence of the Oscillation of Transverse Electrical Conductivity and Magnetoresistance on Temperature in Heterostructures Based on Quantum Wells","authors":"Ulugbek I. Erkaboev, Rustamjon G. Rakhimov","doi":"10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26565/2312-4334-2023-3-10","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the influence of two-dimensional state density on oscillations of transverse electrical conductivity in heterostructures with rectangular quantum wells is investigated. A new analytical expression is derived for calculating the temperature dependence of the transverse electrical conductivity oscillation and the magnetoresistance of a quantum well. For the first time, a mechanism has been developed for oscillating the transverse electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance of a quantum well from the first-order derivative of the magnetic field (differential) at low temperatures and weak magnetic fields. The oscillations of electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance of a narrow-band quantum well with a non-parabolic dispersion law are investigated. The proposed theory investigated the results of experiments of a narrow-band quantum well (InxGa1-xSb).","PeriodicalId":42569,"journal":{"name":"East European Journal of Physics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135496564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：