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Power and Weakness of Postcolonialism 后殖民主义的力量与弱点
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-2-7-11
S. Markedonov
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引用次数: 0
Ideologeme of Justice and Anticolonial Discourse as Justification for Türkiey’s Foreign Policy 正义意识形态与反殖民话语:论基外交政策的正当性
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-2-97-115
V. Tsibenko
The article critically examines how Türkiey justifies its proactive foreign policy through the concept of justice. The study analyzes Turkish discourse, blending Islamic teachings with an anticolonial stance, to characterize the understanding of justice. Initially used to legitimize opposition against secular elites, justice now serves as a tool for global leadership, mediation in conflicts involving Muslims, and regional focus on post-Ottoman states. It counters political opponents, gains negotiating advantages in EU accession talks, supports aspirations for a UN Security Council seat, and extends military presence beyond the region. The study concludes that justice grants moral legitimacy to Türkiye’s foreign policy decisions, particularly resonating with Muslim audiences.Rooted in Islamist principles and an anticolonial discourse, Türkiye positions itself as a just leader opposing historical oppression by the West. The concept of justice is crucial in shaping Türkiye’s foreign policy, establishing its authority as a just and moral actor internationally. By leveraging justice, Türkiye aims to assert leadership, mediate conflicts, and prioritize historically significant regions. Understanding the ideologeme of justice provides insights into Türkiye’s strategic decision-making and its aspiration for a just and influential role globally.
本文批判性地考察了土耳其如何通过正义的概念来为其积极的外交政策辩护。该研究分析了土耳其的话语,将伊斯兰教义与反殖民立场相结合,以表征对正义的理解。最初,正义被用来使反对世俗精英的行为合法化,而现在,正义被用作全球领导、调解涉及穆斯林的冲突以及关注后奥斯曼帝国国家的地区焦点的工具。它对抗政治对手,在加入欧盟的谈判中获得谈判优势,支持获得联合国安理会席位的愿望,并将军事存在扩展到该地区以外。该研究的结论是,正义赋予了伊斯兰国外交政策决策道德上的合法性,尤其是在穆斯林听众中引起共鸣。植根于伊斯兰主义原则和反殖民主义话语的伊斯兰革命阵线将自己定位为反对西方历史压迫的正义领袖。正义的概念在塑造土耳其的外交政策,确立其作为一个公正和道德的国际行动者的权威方面至关重要。通过利用正义,t rkiye旨在维护领导地位,调解冲突,并优先考虑历史上重要的地区。理解正义的意识形态,可以让我们深入了解土耳其的战略决策,以及它希望在全球发挥公正和有影响力的作用的愿望。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring the Nexus Between the Shadow Economy, Finance, and Economic Growth in Tunisia 探索突尼斯影子经济、金融和经济增长之间的联系
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-05-12 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.322791
Chokri Terzi, Khalil Mhadhbi, Faouzi Abdennour
This study aimed to assess the effect of the shadow economy on the finance-growth relationship in Tunisia over the period 1984-2020. The authors used a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lags (NARDL) model to verify the impact of the informal economy as measured by Tanzi's method on the finance-growth relationship. The results suggest that in the long term, with a positive change at the level of the shadow economy, the effect of financial development on growth becomes negative. The opposite is also true. However, in the short run, asymmetric effect of the shadow economy is only detected on economic growth and not on the financial development-economic growth nexus. Indeed, the level of the informal economy has an important role in the Tunisian economy. The significant and positive impact of financial development on the economy is strongly influenced by the size of the informal economy.
本研究旨在评估1984-2020年期间突尼斯影子经济对金融-增长关系的影响。本文采用非线性自回归分布滞后(NARDL)模型验证了Tanzi方法测量的非正规经济对金融-增长关系的影响。研究结果表明,从长期来看,随着影子经济水平的正向变化,金融发展对经济增长的影响变为负向。反之亦然。然而,从短期来看,影子经济的不对称效应仅体现在经济增长上,并未体现在金融发展与经济增长的关系上。事实上,非正规经济的水平在突尼斯经济中起着重要作用。金融发展对经济的重大和积极影响受到非正规经济规模的强烈影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Granger Causality of Bahrain Stocks, Bitcoin, and Other Commodity Asset Returns 巴林股票、比特币和其他商品资产收益的格兰杰因果关系
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.322304
M. Doblas, Maria Cecilia P. Lagaras
This study examines the tendency of short-term return spillover across Bahrain stocks, bitcoin, and other commodity assets factoring in the dynamic effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study employed vector autoregression (VAR) model using the daily returns of Bahrain All Shares Index, bitcoin, crude oil, and gold futures from January 2018 to March 2022. The results showed a persistent unidirectional short-term spillover of return from the Bahrain stock market to the futures gold market for both the period before and during the pandemic. Moreover, the results also showed that the significant positive shock in the bitcoin returns as granger-caused by the returns of the Bahrain stock market is only during the period before the pandemic. Finally, a significant negative contemporaneous short-term effect on the crude oil market returns can be statistically explained by the shocks in the Bahrain stock market only during the COVID-19 period.
本研究考察了考虑COVID-19大流行动态影响的巴林股票、比特币和其他大宗商品资产的短期回报溢出趋势。该研究采用向量自回归(VAR)模型,使用2018年1月至2022年3月巴林全股指数、比特币、原油和黄金期货的日收益。结果显示,在大流行之前和期间,巴林股票市场的回报持续单向短期溢出到黄金期货市场。此外,研究结果还表明,巴林股市收益对比特币收益的显著正冲击仅在疫情前出现。最后,仅在新冠肺炎期间,巴林股市的冲击就可以在统计上解释对原油市场回报的显著负同期短期影响。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Organizational and Supervisory Support Perceptions on the Turnover Intentions of Working Mothers-to-Be 组织和主管支持感知对职业准妈妈离职意向的影响
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-20 DOI: 10.4018/ijban.321536
Bhawna Agarwal, Merlin Mythili Nelson
The purpose of the paper is to examine the various factors that influence turnover intentions of working women at the threshold of motherhood. The impact and interrelationships of variables like organisational and supervisory support perceptions, flexible-work-options, work-family conflict, job and family satisfaction, and their effect on turnover intentions are examined. A questionnaire survey of 203 working women of three categories—women undergoing infertility treatment, pregnant women, and new mothers of the Indian IT sector—was conducted and hypotheses tested through structural equation modelling. Results validated the model developed and confirmed the causal relationships whereby employees working in family-supportive work environments experienced lower levels of work-family conflict, and reduced work-family conflict thereby led to greater job and family satisfaction followed by lesser turnover intentions. The study reiterates the need for organisations to offer specific policies that allow working-women to continue their careers as they go through motherhood.
本文的目的是研究影响职业妇女在母性门槛时离职意向的各种因素。影响和相互关系的变量,如组织和监督支持的看法,灵活的工作选择,工作-家庭冲突,工作和家庭满意度,以及他们对离职意向的影响进行了审查。研究人员对203名职业女性进行了问卷调查,调查对象包括印度IT行业接受不孕症治疗的女性、孕妇和新妈妈,并通过结构方程模型对假设进行了检验。结果验证了模型的有效性,并证实了在家庭支持型工作环境中工作的员工工作家庭冲突水平较低的因果关系,减少了工作家庭冲突,从而导致更高的工作和家庭满意度,随后减少了离职意愿。该研究重申,组织需要提供具体的政策,允许职业妇女在做母亲的过程中继续她们的职业生涯。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Unilateral Coercive Measures on Implementation of the 2030 Agenda in the Republic of Belarus 单方面强制措施对白俄罗斯共和国实施2030年可持续发展议程的影响
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-111-122
O. Leshenyuk
   The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the impact of unilateral coercive measures on sustainable development processes in the Republic of Belarus, as well as their influence on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda in Belarus and the Union State.   Divided into three sections, the article begins by examining how Belarus has adapted its legal framework and state policy to conform to the 2030 Agenda. However, the use of unilateral coercive measures by the collective West to pressure and incentivize “appropriate” behavior, in contradiction of the decisions of the UN Security Council, diverts the country’s resources toward safeguarding its sovereignty and non-intervention in the aff airs of other states. The second section delves into the role of integration associations and the Union State in overcoming coercive restrictive measures. Finally, the third section sheds light on the impact of such measures on the implementation of the 2030 Agenda. Specifi cally, the sectoral sanctions imposed by the US and EU on Belarus in 2021 hinder the development of a common agricultural policy, as well as gas, oil, and petroleum markets of the Union State, while simultaneously creating a fi nancial rift between Belarus and Russia. This underscores the negative eff ects of these measures in the short term.
这项研究的目的是全面分析单方面强制性措施对白俄罗斯共和国可持续发展进程的影响,以及这些措施对在白俄罗斯和联盟国家执行《2030年议程》的影响。本文分为三个部分,首先考察白俄罗斯如何调整其法律框架和国家政策以符合2030年议程。然而,西方集体使用单边强制措施来施压和激励“适当”行为,违背了联合国安理会的决定,将该国的资源转移到维护其主权和不干涉其他国家的事务上。第二部分探讨一体化协会和联盟国家在克服强制性限制措施方面的作用。最后,第三部分阐述了这些措施对落实《2030年议程》的影响。具体而言,美国和欧盟于2021年对白俄罗斯实施的部门制裁阻碍了共同农业政策以及联盟国家天然气,石油和石油市场的发展,同时在白俄罗斯和俄罗斯之间造成了财政裂痕。这凸显了这些措施在短期内的负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
New Modalities of the Global Sanctions Policy 全球制裁政策的新模式
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-37-51
E. Arapova
   The relevance and scientific novelty of the study lies in the author’s identifi cation of fundamentally new modalities of the global sanctions policy, including: the gradual expansion of the circle of countries initiating sanctions, the transformation of sanctions tools and thematic regimes of sanctions, the replication of the practice of using unilateral sanctions as tools to achieve foreign policy goals in a crisis of the unilateral world order and increasing competition and strategic confrontation between the great powers.   The discourse and content analysis of legal documents regulating the institutionalization of sanctions regimes in the initiating countries made it possible to identify a number of important global trends in the last decade in the fi eld of sanctions policy. First, in the context of the growing popularity of fi nancial restrictions in the last decade, they are rapidly becoming more complex. The practice of imposing sanctions against Central banks and freezing the foreign exchange reserves of sanctioned countries is being replicated. From “freezing” the assets of sanctioned persons (individuals and legal entities), the initiators of sanctions are increasingly moving towards the practice of their confi scation, while forming appropriate legal mechanisms. Secondly, there are important shifts in the thematic regimes of sanctions: the “collective” legalization of cybersanctions regimes, the massive introduction of liability for circumvention of sanctions into national legislations and the replication of the experience of introducing sanctions restrictions against transactions with cryptocurrency and alternative mechanisms for cross-border settlements. Thirdly, the gradual replication of secondary sanctions tools is obvious, which are beginning to be used not only by the United States, but also by the United Kingdom and China, which in the long term (taking into account the strategic confrontation between China and the United States) might create a fundamentally new phenomenon of actual competition of sanctions extraterritoriality.
这项研究的相关性和科学新颖性在于作者确定了全球制裁政策的根本新模式,包括:发起制裁的国家范围逐渐扩大,制裁工具和制裁主题制度的转变,在单边世界秩序危机中,以单边制裁为工具实现外交政策目标的做法再次出现,大国之间的竞争和战略对抗日益加剧。通过对有关在发起国将制裁制度制度化的法律文件的论述和内容分析,可以确定过去十年在制裁政策领域的一些重要的全球趋势。首先,在过去十年金融限制日益普及的背景下,它们正迅速变得更加复杂。对受制裁国家的央行实施制裁并冻结其外汇储备的做法正在被复制。从“冻结”受制裁人员(个人和法律实体)的资产,制裁的发起者越来越趋向于没收这些资产,同时形成适当的法律机制。其次,制裁的主题制度发生了重要转变:网络制裁制度的“集体”合法化,将规避制裁的责任大量引入国家立法,以及复制对加密货币交易实施制裁限制和跨境结算替代机制的经验。第三,二级制裁工具的逐步复制是显而易见的,不仅美国开始使用二级制裁工具,而且英国和中国也开始使用二级制裁工具,从长远来看(考虑到中美之间的战略对抗),这可能会产生一种根本性的新现象,即制裁的实际竞争是治外法权。
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引用次数: 0
Between Development, Growth and Survival: Some Current Features of Iran’s Model of Socio-Economic Development 在发展、增长与生存之间:伊朗社会经济发展模式的一些当前特征
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-72-91
N. Kozhanov
   In recent years, conservative forces in Iran have lambasted their moderate and pragmatic rivals for their inability to solve the country’s economic issues and improve the living standards of its populace. However, since Ebrahim Raisi won the presidential election in 2021, Iranian conservatives have had their own chance to tackle the country’s internal challenges, being the last of the political forces without direct influence on the economic decision-making system for a long time. Nevertheless, their failed attempts to foster economic growth under sanctions pressure may prove critical to the Islamic Republic. Not only the conservative part of the establishment but the entire political system may risk losing what remains of its credibility with the Iranian people, who could perceive it as incapable of eff ectively managing the economy. Furthermore, the government’s success in resolving the current socio-economic development issues is also pivotal to the political future of E. Raisi. His failure would deprive him of any opportunity to claim the post of the next supreme leader of Iran. Meanwhile, the accumulated structural problems of the Iranian economy and the external sanctions pressure can render achieving economic progress a daunting, if not insurmountable, task. This paper seeks to elucidate why there is signifi cant social tension in Iran, resulting in periodic outbursts of protest, and why the economic situation is deemed a crisis, despite the relative resilience of the Iranian economy to external and internal challenges, as well as the macroeconomic performance dynamics, which are not necessarily inferior to those of Iran’s regional neighbors. To answer this question, the paper analyzes the main economic challenges facing the country’s leadership and the extent to which the goals and priorities of the implemented “resistance economy” doctrine provide an adequate response to them. As a theoretical tool, the author employs the ideas of M. Todaro, A. Sen, S. Smith, J. Foster, and C. Handy, justifying the need for any state to transcend the simple parameters of economic growth in formulating its development strategy and think more comprehensively, focusing primarily on creating a social and economic environment that is comfortable for its citizens. As a result, the author concludes that the model of the Iranian economy that has been formed in an aggressive environment prioritizes the survival of the existing political system, approaching the issue of economic growth as secondary and failing to satisfy some popular needs beyond the basic ones. It is incapable of ensuring comprehensive sustainable socio-economic development, which over time leads to the accumulation of internal tension in Iranian society.
近年来,伊朗的保守势力一直在抨击温和派和务实的对手,因为他们无法解决国家的经济问题,也无法提高民众的生活水平。然而,自易卜拉欣·莱希(ibrahim Raisi)在2021年赢得总统选举以来,伊朗保守派有了自己的机会来解决该国的内部挑战,成为长期以来最后一支对经济决策体系没有直接影响的政治力量。然而,他们在制裁压力下促进经济增长的失败尝试可能对伊斯兰共和国至关重要。不仅是当权派的保守派,整个政治体系都有可能失去伊朗人民对其仅存的信任,因为伊朗人民可能会认为它没有能力有效管理经济。此外,政府在解决当前社会经济发展问题方面的成功也对E. Raisi的政治前途至关重要。他的失败将剥夺他获得伊朗下一任最高领袖职位的任何机会。与此同时,伊朗经济积累的结构性问题和外部制裁压力可能使实现经济进步成为一项艰巨的任务,即使不是不可克服的任务。本文试图阐明为什么伊朗存在严重的社会紧张局势,导致周期性的抗议爆发,以及为什么经济形势被视为危机,尽管伊朗经济对外部和内部挑战的相对弹性,以及宏观经济表现动态,这并不一定逊于伊朗的地区邻国。为了回答这个问题,本文分析了国家领导层面临的主要经济挑战,以及实施“抵抗经济”理论的目标和优先事项在多大程度上提供了适当的回应。作为一种理论工具,作者采用了M.托达罗、a .森、S.史密斯、J.福斯特和C.汉迪的观点,证明任何国家在制定其发展战略时都需要超越经济增长的简单参数,并进行更全面的思考,主要关注创造一个适合其公民的社会和经济环境。因此,作者的结论是,在激进的环境中形成的伊朗经济模式优先考虑现有政治制度的生存,将经济增长问题视为次要问题,未能满足基本需求之外的一些民众需求。它无法确保全面、可持续的社会经济发展,随着时间的推移,这会导致伊朗社会内部紧张局势的积累。
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引用次数: 0
BRICS-Plus: the New Force in Global Governance “金砖+”:全球治理新力量
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-138-148
Yaroslav Lissovolik
   The global economy is currently experiencing unprecedented changes as the BRICS nations establish themselves as a signifi cant power center and a crucial factor in the transformation of the international economic framework. Following China’s chairmanship of BRICS, which culminated in the BRICS+ meetings with a diverse range of emerging market economies, these and other countries have expressed their desire to join the BRICS group. The expansion process was largely catalyzed by the openness exhibited by BRICS through the BRICS+ format. The main question at this juncture is how the BRICS+ format will develop and whether it can enhance the position of BRICS in the global arena and among the Global South. This paper explores some of the opportunities presented by the BRICS+ concept in the creation of new global governance, particularly through the establishment of platforms – including those in the real sector and fi nancial platforms aimed at promoting greater cooperation among the sovereign wealth funds and regional development banks of the Global South. Another critical area is the launch of a new reserve currency that could serve as the foundation for greater economic integration across the broad platform of the developing world.
当前,世界经济正经历着前所未有的变化,金砖国家正在成为重要的权力中心,成为国际经济格局变革的关键因素。在中国担任金砖国家主席国之后,这些国家和其他国家都表达了加入金砖国家集团的愿望,金砖国家与众多新兴市场经济体举行了“金砖+”会晤。金砖国家通过“金砖+”模式展现的开放性,在很大程度上促进了金砖合作的扩大。当前的主要问题是“金砖+”如何发展,能否提升金砖国家在国际舞台和全球南方国家中的地位。本文探讨了“金砖+”概念在创建新的全球治理方面所带来的一些机会,特别是通过建立平台——包括实体领域的平台和旨在促进主权财富基金和全球南方地区开发银行之间更大合作的金融平台。另一个关键领域是推出一种新的储备货币,它可以作为在发展中国家这个广泛平台上实现更大经济一体化的基础。
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引用次数: 1
The Efficiency of Sanctions Policy. The Case of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1991- 2001). 制裁政策的效率。南斯拉夫联邦共和国案例(1991- 2001)。
IF 1.1 Q4 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2023-04-14 DOI: 10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-123-137
E. Entina, A. Životić
   The issue of sanctions, which has acquired a new dimension in the contemporary era, has transformed from a subject area in International Law into an interdisciplinary one, and has been widely analyzed in political science, sociology, and other fi elds. The case of Yugoslavia, which represents one of the earliest examples of the application of sanctions as a means to modify not only international actions, but also a political regime, has formed, among other things in modern history, the increasingly popular phenomenon of “cancelling” a nation. Given the external similarity of the processes that took place in the former Yugoslavia, in which Belgrade was involved, and in the post-Soviet space, it is of undisputed interest. This article delves into the situation of the Yugoslav economy, its reaction to the regime of comprehensive restrictions, as well as the eff ects of the sanctions policy in a comparative relation to the situation in modern Russia and the anti-Russian sanctions regime.
制裁问题在当代具有了新的层面,已从国际法的一个学科领域转变为一个跨学科领域,并在政治学、社会学和其他领域得到了广泛的分析。南斯拉夫的例子是最早使用制裁作为不仅改变国际行动而且改变政治制度的手段的例子之一,在现代历史上,除其他外,形成了日益流行的“取消”一个国家的现象。鉴于在贝尔格莱德参与的前南斯拉夫境内发生的进程与在后苏联时期发生的进程在外部具有相似性,这是无可争议的。本文通过与现代俄罗斯和反俄制裁制度的比较,探讨了南斯拉夫的经济状况、对全面限制制度的反应以及制裁政策的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Business Analytics
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