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Christmas and Revolution 圣诞节与革命
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-18 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10070
Oleh Melnychenko
The discourse of the Ukrainian Revolution of Dignity (2013–2014) abundantly adopted religious themes. In my article, I show how the theme of Christmas, with its specific images and vocabulary, has been used in the rhetoric of the participants of the Revolution. In three sections, I demonstrate the three lines in which the protesters, speakers, and commenters drew parallels between the course of the Revolution and the Nativity story. These lines are the birth of Christ, the persecutions of Herod, and the Bethlehem infanticide. Finally, I show how the protesters killed at the end of the Revolution are represented in the post-Maidan discourse as national saints. I devote special attention to the Christmas play called Vertep, performed on the Maidan scene in the winter of 2013–2014, because it most fully embraces the link between these lines and the Revolution. The results of the study are intended to contribute to a better understanding of both phenomena: the Revolution of Dignity as an event, influenced by religion, and the Ukrainian Christmas tradition as a flexible and ever-renewable source for the conceptualization of social reality.
乌克兰尊严革命(2013-2014)的论述大量采用了宗教主题。在我的文章中,我展示了圣诞节的主题及其特定的图像和词汇是如何被用于革命参与者的修辞中的。在三个部分中,我展示了抗议者、演讲者和评论者将革命进程和耶稣诞生故事相提并论的三句话。这些台词是基督的诞生,希律的迫害,伯利恒的杀婴。最后,我展示了在革命结束时被杀害的抗议者是如何在后迈丹话语中被视为民族圣人的。我特别关注2013年至2014年冬天在迈丹演出的圣诞剧《顶点》,因为它最充分地体现了这些台词与革命之间的联系。这项研究的结果旨在有助于更好地理解这两种现象:受宗教影响的尊严革命,以及作为社会现实概念化的灵活和不断可再生来源的乌克兰圣诞节传统。
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引用次数: 0
On the Wrong Side of History 站在历史错误的一边
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10065
Richard Schaefer
This article investigates an episode of anti-Catholic polemic in the late eighteenth century in Germany. It shows how fear over the influence of “crypto-Catholics” masquerading as Protestants and exponents of Enlightenment triggered the conceptualization of “Catholicism” as a social and cultural force beyond Church membership. It shows how Friedrich Nicolai played a leading role in suggesting that Catholics posed a distinct threat to the Enlightenment and the progressive achievements of the last few decades. Guided by Reinhart Koselleck’s insights into the temporalization of fundamental concepts, this article shows how the conceptualization of Catholicism was part of the larger attempt to navigate the dissolution of feudal society. It argues that placing Catholics on the wrong side of history was thus generative of the modern historical regime.
这篇文章调查了18世纪晚期德国反天主教的一场论战。它展示了对伪装成新教徒和启蒙运动倡导者的“神秘天主教徒”的影响的恐惧如何引发了“天主教”作为教会成员之外的社会和文化力量的概念化。它展示了弗里德里希·尼古拉是如何在暗示天主教徒对启蒙运动和过去几十年的进步成就构成明显威胁方面发挥主导作用的。在莱因哈特·科塞莱克(Reinhart Koselleck)对基本概念的时间化的见解的指导下,本文展示了天主教的概念化如何成为引导封建社会解体的更大尝试的一部分。它认为,将天主教徒置于历史的错误一边是现代历史制度的产物。
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引用次数: 0
Early Quaker Identity from the Perspective of Some Ecclesiastical Anti-Quakers 从一些教会反贵格派的视角看早期贵格派的身份认同
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10053
Judith Roads
This empirical case study provides a new approach to the understanding of discursively constructed Quaker identity in the seventeenth century, from the point of view of those opposed to the dissenting Christian movement. This article asks how others may have viewed adherents to the Quaker communities in England. The findings illustrate a range of negative and denigrating discourses that go beyond abstract religious controversy to sow manufactured fear of the Quaker community. Overt and covert linguistic mechanisms used by anti-Quaker writers reveal expressions of emerging moral panic underlying unsubstantiated accusations attacking the minority Quaker community.
这个实证案例研究提供了一个新的方法来理解17世纪话语建构的贵格会身份,从那些反对反对基督教运动的人的角度来看。这篇文章询问其他人如何看待英国贵格会社区的信徒。这些发现说明了一系列负面和诋毁的话语,这些话语超越了抽象的宗教争议,播下了对贵格会社区的人为恐惧。反贵格会作家使用的公开和隐蔽的语言机制揭示了在攻击少数贵格会社区的未经证实的指控背后出现的道德恐慌的表达。
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引用次数: 0
Post-Soviet Believers in Migration 后苏联时代的移民信徒
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10066
M. Penttilä
Understanding of space is central in migrant identity-building and integration to a host society. Identity also relates to time, which is effectuated by memory. This article shows how the interplay between religiosity and space may be central to believers’ identity narratives. Religiosity and memories of the past may affiliate migrants to a specific country. Through narrative analysis, I have shown five different ways Russian speakers from various denominations in Finland affiliate spatially—whether to the past country which does not exist anymore, country of origin, two home countries, host country or the global society. Each narrative has its own way of memorizing. The article shows multiplicity in Russian-speaking believers’ life courses and present-day identity-building in Finland. The article also demonstrates, in a migration situation, the effect on identity narratives of denominational background and recognition as sectarian or necessity of remediation.
对空间的理解是移民身份建立和融入东道国社会的核心。身份还与时间有关,时间是由记忆影响的。这篇文章展示了宗教信仰和空间之间的相互作用可能是信徒身份叙事的核心。宗教信仰和对过去的记忆可能使移民与一个特定的国家联系在一起。通过叙事分析,我展示了芬兰不同教派的俄语使用者在空间上的五种不同联系方式——是否与不复存在的过去的国家、原籍国、两个母国、东道国或全球社会联系。每种叙述都有自己的记忆方式。这篇文章展示了芬兰俄语信徒的生活历程和当今身份建构的多样性。本文还论证了在移民情况下,教派背景对身份叙事的影响以及作为教派的承认或补救的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Muslim Women’s Narratives of Veiling and Identity in Post-Soviet Contexts 后苏联语境下穆斯林女性的面纱与身份叙事
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-17 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10067
A. Shisheliakina
Based on ethnographic materials, the article discusses Muslim women’s narratives as an expression of the process of identity negotiation in the post-Soviet cultural context. Muslim women’s narratives based on Islamic, ethnic, gendered epistemologies are intertwined with each other and hybrid. Muslim-Tatar women’s identity as women, Muslims and Tatars is tied together, while simultaneously being fragmented and peripheral to male identity. Since the Russian state imbues veiling with political meaning, Muslim women identity is politicized, therefore veiling as a part of Muslim-Tatar women’s identity is negotiated not only inside of the Muslim-Tatar community, but outside due to external discourses.
本文以民族志材料为基础,探讨了后苏联文化背景下穆斯林女性的身份协商过程。基于伊斯兰、民族、性别认识论的穆斯林女性叙事相互交织、混杂。穆斯林-鞑靼女性作为女性、穆斯林和鞑靼人的身份被捆绑在一起,同时又被男性身份割裂和边缘化。由于俄罗斯政府赋予面纱政治意义,穆斯林妇女的身份被政治化,因此,面纱作为穆斯林鞑靼妇女身份的一部分,不仅在穆斯林鞑靼社区内部进行谈判,而且由于外部话语而在外部进行谈判。
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引用次数: 1
Cross Pendants as Memory Objects 作为记忆对象的十字架
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10050
R. Marselis
This article explores the potential of combining material analysis with object-elicited memory work in order to explore the role of objects in lived religion. It presents a case study on two traditional cross pendants, a Dagmar Cross and a Huguenot Cross, and analyses the cultural-historical contexts of the two crosses, including their importance for specific national and religious memory communities. Furthermore, the memory work sections of the article foreground how the pendants were used as transgenerational gifts during a mixed-faith upbringing in a transnational family. The article argues that such a multidimensional approach is helpful for unfolding the potential meanings of religious objects in lived religion.
本文探讨了将材料分析与客体引发的记忆工作相结合的潜力,以探索客体在生活宗教中的作用。它对两个传统十字架进行了个案研究,一个是达格玛十字架,另一个是胡格诺十字架,并分析了这两个十字架的文化历史背景,包括它们对特定的民族和宗教记忆社区的重要性。此外,文章的记忆工作部分展望了在跨国家庭的混合信仰成长过程中,吊坠是如何被用作变性礼物的。文章认为,这种多维的方法有助于揭示宗教对象在生活宗教中的潜在含义。
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引用次数: 0
Religion and Sexualities: Theories, Themes and Methodologies , by Sarah-Jane Page and Heather Shipley 《宗教与性:理论、主题和方法论》,作者:莎拉-简·佩奇和希瑟·希普利
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10048
Inga Koralewska
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引用次数: 2
Secularization or Alternative Faith? 世俗化还是另类信仰?
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10049
Isabella Kasselstrand
In the debate on European secularization, it has been argued that conventional religion has given way to spirituality, and that religion is thus changing as opposed to diminishing. Focusing on northern Europe, this study uses semi-structured interviews and survey data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) to explore meanings and trends of spirituality and religious beliefs. Findings highlight a movement away from both religiosity and spirituality. Moreover, individuals who identify as ‘spiritual but not religious’ hold diverse beliefs about the supernatural and various interpretations of spirituality, some of which are in essence secular. Ultimately, this study suggests that current trends of spirituality are consistent with broader patterns of secularization in northern Europe.
在关于欧洲世俗化的辩论中,有人认为传统宗教已经让位于精神,因此宗教正在改变而不是减少。本研究以北欧为重点,使用半结构化访谈和国际社会调查计划(ISSP)的调查数据来探索精神和宗教信仰的含义和趋势。研究结果突显了一场远离宗教和精神的运动。此外,那些认同“精神而非宗教”的人对超自然现象持有不同的信仰,对精神有不同的解释,其中一些本质上是世俗的。最终,这项研究表明,当前的精神趋势与北欧更广泛的世俗化模式一致。
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引用次数: 1
The Internal Discussions in the Belarusian Orthodox Church on Identity and Policy Issues 白俄罗斯东正教内部关于身份和政策问题的讨论
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10051
S. Mudrov, Nikolay Zakharov
Based on extensive fieldwork across Belarus, this article analyses an ongoing discussion within the Belarusian Orthodox Church (BOC) regarding various issues that are key in assessing the country’s identity politics and politico-ideological developments. Since the independence of Belarus in 1991, the Church has continuously played an important public and societal function. A special agreement, signed between the Church and Belarusian Government in 2003, has fostered Church cooperation with various governmental institutions, including educational establishments. Discussing the contribution of the BOC to the construction of a distinct Belarusian national identity, we will address the national language, relationships with the state, foreign policy orientation and the Church’s autocephaly. The empirical part of this study is based on seventeen in-depth interviews with clergymen and laypeople from the BOC. Our study shows that Church representatives have not hesitated to develop their profound perspectives on the important issues of identity politics and the relationships of the BOC and state, and these perspectives were often reflective of wider debates within Belarusian intellectual circles.
基于白俄罗斯各地的广泛实地调查,本文分析了白俄罗斯东正教(BOC)内部正在进行的关于各种问题的讨论,这些问题是评估该国身份政治和政治意识形态发展的关键。自1991年白俄罗斯独立以来,教会一直发挥着重要的公共和社会职能。教会与白俄罗斯政府于2003年签署了一项特别协议,促进了教会与包括教育机构在内的各种政府机构的合作。讨论BOC对构建独特的白俄罗斯民族身份的贡献,我们将讨论民族语言、与国家的关系、外交政策取向和教会的自主性。本研究的实证部分基于对中国银行神职人员和非神职人员的十七次深入访谈。我们的研究表明,教会代表毫不犹豫地发展了他们对身份政治以及BOC与国家关系等重要问题的深刻观点,这些观点往往反映了白俄罗斯知识界更广泛的辩论。
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引用次数: 3
Biodynamic Wine-Crafting and the Spiritualization of the Workplace 生物动力酿酒与工作场所的精神化
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1163/18748929-bja10055
Alexandre Grandjean
In recent years, the involvement of Swiss wine-crafters (vignerons) with ‘holistic spiritualities’ has become more visible. Through the use of esoterically driven preparations, energetic crystals, and neo-shamanic ‘vision questing’ practices, vignerons have incorporated alternative self-healing practices in their workplace. Under the umbrella term ‘biodynamic farming,’ vignerons are experimenting and delineating a new professional and relational ethos, be it with humans or nonhumans (e.g., grapevines). In the context of the Swiss vineyards, however, the engagement of vignerons with ‘holistic spiritualities’ has also forced them to grapple with potential social stigmas. This article examines the social uses, dynamics, and dilemmas resulting from the gradual ‘spiritualization’ of vignerons’ workplaces.
近年来,瑞士葡萄酒工艺师(vignons)对“整体精神”的参与变得越来越明显。通过使用神秘的准备、充满活力的水晶和新萨满的“视觉探索”实践,维涅罗斯在他们的工作场所融入了替代性的自我修复实践。在“生物动力农业”这个总括术语下,葡萄园正在试验和描绘一种新的职业和关系精神,无论是与人类还是非人类(例如葡萄藤)。然而,在瑞士葡萄园的背景下,具有“整体精神”的葡萄园主的参与也迫使他们与潜在的社会污名作斗争。这篇文章探讨了小人物工作场所逐渐“精神化”所产生的社会用途、动态和困境。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Religion in Europe
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