Objective: Overfilling a root canal has a negative influence on the prognosis of teeth with apical periodontitis. This study proposed to assess extruded sealer and gutta-percha in single-rooted teeth within a Turkish subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography. Methods: The study included cone-beam computed tomography scans of 2,346 endodontically treated teeth with a single root and foramen from a private dental clinic's archive. Teeth were divided into four groups: maxillary anteriors, mandibular anteriors, mandibular premolars, and maxillary second premolars. Two endodontists analyzed the scans at all planes and recorded information pertaining to tooth number, tooth type, and presence of extrusion. To examine the data, a chi-square test with a 0.05 p-value was performed. Results: Extrusion was detected in 256 (10.91%) of the single-rooted teeth. There was significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). Extrusion was significantly higher in the maxillary anteriors than in the other tooth groups. Maxillary second premolars had lower extrusion compared to the other tooth groups. There was no statistical relationship between the maxillary anterior tooth groups and the presence of extrusion (p=0.338). Conclusion: Maxillary anteriors had higher root canal filling material extrusion than the other tooth groups, while maxillary second premolars had lower extrusion.
{"title":"Assessment of Extruded Root Canal Filling Materials in Single-Rooted Teeth Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography","authors":"Emre Çulha, F. Tunç","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1720","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Overfilling a root canal has a negative influence on the prognosis of teeth with apical periodontitis. This study proposed to assess extruded sealer and gutta-percha in single-rooted teeth within a Turkish subpopulation using cone-beam computed tomography.\u0000Methods: The study included cone-beam computed tomography scans of 2,346 endodontically treated teeth with a single root and foramen from a private dental clinic's archive. Teeth were divided into four groups: maxillary anteriors, mandibular anteriors, mandibular premolars, and maxillary second premolars. Two endodontists analyzed the scans at all planes and recorded information pertaining to tooth number, tooth type, and presence of extrusion. To examine the data, a chi-square test with a 0.05 p-value was performed.\u0000Results: Extrusion was detected in 256 (10.91%) of the single-rooted teeth. There was significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). Extrusion was significantly higher in the maxillary anteriors than in the other tooth groups. Maxillary second premolars had lower extrusion compared to the other tooth groups. There was no statistical relationship between the maxillary anterior tooth groups and the presence of extrusion (p=0.338).\u0000Conclusion: Maxillary anteriors had higher root canal filling material extrusion than the other tooth groups, while maxillary second premolars had lower extrusion.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85415605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (HH) is the most common cause of permanent hypoglycemia, especially in the neonatal period. Childhood HH is mostly related to genes encoding proteins in the insulin secretion pathways, and may also be seen in syndromes such as Beckwidth Wiedemann, Kabuki, and Turner. The majority of congenital HH cases are the result of KATP channel gene defect. Most of these cases are unresponsive to diazoxide treatment. In this review, recent genetic studies and recent updates in treatment options in childhood HH are reviewed.
{"title":"Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia in Childhood","authors":"Özhan Orhan, M. Özbek","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1758","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (HH) is the most common cause of permanent hypoglycemia, especially in the neonatal period. Childhood HH is mostly related to genes encoding proteins in the insulin secretion pathways, and may also be seen in syndromes such as Beckwidth Wiedemann, Kabuki, and Turner. The majority of congenital HH cases are the result of KATP channel gene defect. Most of these cases are unresponsive to diazoxide treatment. In this review, recent genetic studies and recent updates in treatment options in childhood HH are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89598125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gkionoul Nteli Chatzioglou, Elif Toklu, Elif Bayraktar, A. Ertaş, Ayşin Kale, O. Coşkun, A. Öztürk, Ö. Gayretli
Objective: The morphological and morphometric variations of the hyoid bone (os hyoideum) are known to be significant in cervical surgeries and also serve as important evidence in forensic cases involving hanging and strangulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological and morphometric differences of the hyoid bone. Methods: Sixty-four adult hyoid bones of unknown age and gender were used in our study. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (date/number: 15.12.2021/632888). The bone shape variations were classified into four main groups: D, U, B, and V types according to the morphometric measurements of the hyoid bone. Also the hyoid bones were evaluated based on their symmetry and isometry properties. Morphometric measurements were analyzed for reliability and repeatability using TEM, rTEM, and R tests, with the same person measuring twice. Measurements were calculated using the Image J program. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.21. Results: The percentages of D, U, B, and V types were found to be 53.84%, 23.07%, 15.38%, and 11.53%, respectively. Among the hyoid bones, 34 (53.12%) were found to be asymmetrical, 30 (46.88%) symmetrical, 35 (54.69%) anisometric, and 29 (45.31%) were isometric. Conclusion: Our study's results indicate that the hyoid bone of Anatolian individuals exhibits morphological differences compared to other populations. Understanding the morphological and morphometric values of the hyoid bone can contribute to clinical and forensic applications.
{"title":"Morphological and Morphometric Variations of the Hyoid Bone in Anatolian Population","authors":"Gkionoul Nteli Chatzioglou, Elif Toklu, Elif Bayraktar, A. Ertaş, Ayşin Kale, O. Coşkun, A. Öztürk, Ö. Gayretli","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1721","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The morphological and morphometric variations of the hyoid bone (os hyoideum) are known to be significant in cervical surgeries and also serve as important evidence in forensic cases involving hanging and strangulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the morphological and morphometric differences of the hyoid bone.\u0000Methods: Sixty-four adult hyoid bones of unknown age and gender were used in our study. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Istanbul Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (date/number: 15.12.2021/632888). The bone shape variations were classified into four main groups: D, U, B, and V types according to the morphometric measurements of the hyoid bone. Also the hyoid bones were evaluated based on their symmetry and isometry properties. Morphometric measurements were analyzed for reliability and repeatability using TEM, rTEM, and R tests, with the same person measuring twice. Measurements were calculated using the Image J program. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.21.\u0000Results: The percentages of D, U, B, and V types were found to be 53.84%, 23.07%, 15.38%, and 11.53%, respectively. Among the hyoid bones, 34 (53.12%) were found to be asymmetrical, 30 (46.88%) symmetrical, 35 (54.69%) anisometric, and 29 (45.31%) were isometric.\u0000Conclusion: Our study's results indicate that the hyoid bone of Anatolian individuals exhibits morphological differences compared to other populations. Understanding the morphological and morphometric values of the hyoid bone can contribute to clinical and forensic applications.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78844540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mythical bronze creature Talos (Greek: Τάλως) was worshiped initially as the god of light or the sun in the Hellenic Island of Crete. He is supposed to have lived in the peak Kouloukona of the Tallaia Mountains in the Gerontospelio cave. His relation towards bronze and fire and his continuous voyage circling the island of Crete most probably introduces the concept of the change of the four seasons. The sun was considered in the area of the South-East Mediterranean nations as just judge, a guardian who monitors and judges from above all the actions of the commoners, a controller for the faithful application of laws in Crete [1]. Hesychios in his Lexicon notes that talos means sun and that the name Tallaios was initially attributed to Zeus [2]. The birth of the Olympian gods forged a new Pantheon and nomenclature forcing some of the old gods to fell into lower deities. This happened to Talos who soon became a mythical hero [1]. According to Apollodorus, the bronze creature was forged by the magnificent constructor Hephaestus as a gift to the mythical King Minoa to help him guard the island [3]. Although the verb “peritrohazo” (Greek: περιτροχαζω) was used, meaning a movement in a steady orbit (track), some depictions image him as a winged being. To protect the island, he was throwing rocks into unknown ships or in the case of a foreign landing he was burning with fire or with his flamed bronze body the intruders. He was holding copper plates with the laws of the island and his circle allowed him to pass all island sores three times daily [1,4-6]. Plato, speaks of him as a real person, suggesting he was the brother of King Rhadamanthys, thus a son of Zeus [5]. Talos may be considered as the token of the Cretan power, a symbol of technological development in the field of metalworking in prehistoric and Minoan times. An animated, programmed gigantic android to enforce its will. A primitive robot for basic actions having a power source, fire and ichor (Greek: ιχώρ) the sacred fluid in the vessels of the gods. The first manufactured being with his individual intelligence, a primary concept of artificial intelligence (AI) [7]. Homer was the first to introduce the term automata (Greek: αυτόματα), to describe ingenious machines built by the supreme blacksmith god of invention and technology, God of metal and fire, Hephaestus, manufactured devices “acting of one’s own will” as the Hellenic word indicates [8]. Eons later, the humanoid automaton the “Automa cavaliere” (English: Automaton knight) appeared in the court of the nobleman and Duke of Milan Ludovico Maria Sforza. It was the year 1495, when Leonardo da Vinci presented his robotic knight, an innovative construction operated by a series of pulleys and cables, presenting though no individual mind. Although it was manufactured by a highly intelligent polymath, it could only be operated through an outer intelligence [9]. Advancements made during the Fourth Industrial Revolution allowed modern technolo
神话中的青铜生物塔洛斯(希腊文:Τάλως)最初在希腊克里特岛被崇拜为光神或太阳神。他应该住在塔拉亚山脉的库卢科纳峰的格罗尼托斯佩利奥洞穴里。他与青铜和火的关系以及他环绕克里特岛的持续航行很可能引入了四季变化的概念。在地中海东南部国家，太阳被认为是公正的法官，是监督和评判平民行为的守护者，是克里特岛忠实执行法律的控制者。赫西俄斯在他的词典中指出，塔洛斯的意思是太阳，而塔拉伊奥斯这个名字最初被认为是宙斯的名字。奥林波斯山诸神的诞生造就了一个新的万神殿和命名法，迫使一些旧神沦为低级神。这件事发生在塔洛斯身上，他很快成为了神话中的英雄。根据阿波罗多罗斯的说法，这个青铜生物是由伟大的建造者赫菲斯托斯铸造的，作为送给神话中的米诺阿国王的礼物，帮助他守卫岛屿。虽然使用了动词“peritrohazo”(希腊语:περιτροχαζω)，意思是在一个稳定的轨道(轨道)上运动，但有些描述把他描绘成一个有翅膀的人。为了保护岛屿，他向不知名的船只投掷石块，或者在外国人登陆的情况下，他用火焚烧入侵者，或者用他燃烧的青铜身体焚烧入侵者。他手里拿着刻有岛上规律的铜板，他的圆圈允许他每天三次通过所有岛上的疮疤[1,4-6]。柏拉图说他是一个真实的人，暗示他是国王Rhadamanthys的兄弟，因此是宙斯的儿子。塔洛斯可以被认为是克里特权力的象征，是史前和米诺斯时代金属加工领域技术发展的象征。一个动画的，编程的巨型机器人来执行自己的意志。一种原始的机器人，有动力来源，火和水(希腊语:ιχώρ)，水是神的容器中的神圣液体。第一个拥有个人智能的人造生命，这是人工智能(AI)的基本概念。荷马是第一个引入“自动机”一词的人(希腊语:ατ ο ματα)，用来描述由发明和技术的最高铁匠之神，金属和火之神赫菲斯托斯制造的巧妙的机器，制造出“按照自己的意志行动”的装置，正如希腊文[8]所表示的那样。很久以后，人形机器人“Automa cavaliere”(英语:automaton knight)出现在贵族和米兰公爵Ludovico Maria Sforza的宫廷里。1495年，列奥纳多·达·芬奇(Leonardo da Vinci)展示了他的机器人骑士，这是一种由一系列滑轮和缆绳操纵的创新建筑，虽然没有个人的思想。虽然它是由一位高智商的博学者制造的，但它只能通过外部智能bbb来操作。第四次工业革命期间取得的进步使现代技术能够制造智能机器，以辅助侵入性手术领域。其中最复杂的装置之一是达文斯手术塔。达芬奇系统是在21世纪的背景下推出的，是最常用的工具/系统之一，在机器人辅助手术领域占主导地位。有人可能会说，它实际上重塑了手术的概念，为医生提供了巨大的能力，旨在实现最佳的术后结果。瓣膜和冠状动脉旁路移植术[12,13]。达芬奇在全球范围内获得了心脏外科手术的许可，并开始流行，以实现心脏外科医生在衣柜里做手术的梦想。它给病人带来的好处和开胸手术一样。它由四个安装在吊臂上的机械臂以及一个移动平台和一个主控制台组成。后者具有可调整的眼内距离，软垫头枕，可调整的臂杆和灵活的手指环，精心设计以满足外科医生的“需求”[12]。每个机械臂都有三个自由度，与EndoWrist技术相结合，模仿外科医生手部的精细动作，获得额外的七个自由度。
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence: From Talos to da Vinci","authors":"Konstantinos Christodoulou, Gregory Tsoucalas","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1775","url":null,"abstract":"The mythical bronze creature Talos (Greek: Τάλως) was worshiped initially as the god of light or the sun in the Hellenic Island of Crete. He is supposed to have lived in the peak Kouloukona of the Tallaia Mountains in the Gerontospelio cave. His relation towards bronze and fire and his continuous voyage circling the island of Crete most probably introduces the concept of the change of the four seasons. The sun was considered in the area of the South-East Mediterranean nations as just judge, a guardian who monitors and judges from above all the actions of the commoners, a controller for the faithful application of laws in Crete [1]. Hesychios in his Lexicon notes that talos means sun and that the name Tallaios was initially attributed to Zeus [2]. The birth of the Olympian gods forged a new Pantheon and nomenclature forcing some of the old gods to fell into lower deities. This happened to Talos who soon became a mythical hero [1]. According to Apollodorus, the bronze creature was forged by the magnificent constructor Hephaestus as a gift to the mythical King Minoa to help him guard the island [3]. Although the verb “peritrohazo” (Greek: περιτροχαζω) was used, meaning a movement in a steady orbit (track), some depictions image him as a winged being. To protect the island, he was throwing rocks into unknown ships or in the case of a foreign landing he was burning with fire or with his flamed bronze body the intruders. He was holding copper plates with the laws of the island and his circle allowed him to pass all island sores three times daily [1,4-6]. Plato, speaks of him as a real person, suggesting he was the brother of King Rhadamanthys, thus a son of Zeus [5]. Talos may be considered as the token of the Cretan power, a symbol of technological development in the field of metalworking in prehistoric and Minoan times. An animated, programmed gigantic android to enforce its will. A primitive robot for basic actions having a power source, fire and ichor (Greek: ιχώρ) the sacred fluid in the vessels of the gods. The first manufactured being with his individual intelligence, a primary concept of artificial intelligence (AI) [7]. Homer was the first to introduce the term automata (Greek: αυτόματα), to describe ingenious machines built by the supreme blacksmith god of invention and technology, God of metal and fire, Hephaestus, manufactured devices “acting of one’s own will” as the Hellenic word indicates [8]. Eons later, the humanoid automaton the “Automa cavaliere” (English: Automaton knight) appeared in the court of the nobleman and Duke of Milan Ludovico Maria Sforza. It was the year 1495, when Leonardo da Vinci presented his robotic knight, an innovative construction operated by a series of pulleys and cables, presenting though no individual mind. Although it was manufactured by a highly intelligent polymath, it could only be operated through an outer intelligence [9]. Advancements made during the Fourth Industrial Revolution allowed modern technolo","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135214679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editors, Amidst the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence tools, we have read the editorials published in your journal on the subject of “artificial intelligence and academic articles” with great interest [1, 2]. First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude for fostering an essential platform for discourse on this current topic. Thank you for creating a significant environment for discussion. The rapid advancements emerging in artificial intelligence tools undoubtedly promise significant contributions not only in various fields but also in the realm of science. However, just as in scientific progress, it is clear that the opportunities supporting science and enabling its advancement are also evolving. For instance, had we sent this letter to your journal thirty years ago, we might have needed to send it through postal mail. Alternatively, if our writing had been published in your journal twenty years ago, we could have read it in hard copy rather than in an online environment. Similarly, had we been practising medicine hundreds of years ago, we wouldn't have had the capability to do anything for patients that we can easily treat today with the aid of ultrasound guidance in the operating room. It is highly likely that in the future, thanks to artificial intelligence tools, many tasks will become significantly more efficient and practical. From this perspective, we believe that incorporating artificial intelligence tools into the realm of science is a necessity. However, as you have also pointed out in your editorial articles [1, 2], we believe that the inclusion of artificial intelligence tools as authors in academic research is a significant topic of debate. Based on our current knowledge and perspective, we believe this situation may not be entirely appropriate. We believe that one of the most crucial points of contention regarding the inclusion of artificial intelligence tools as authors in academic research is the concept of “accuracy”. Artificial intelligence provides us with information it finds on the internet. Whether these sources are genuinely obtained from reputable journals cannot be definitively determined. This poses a significant challenge in ensuring the accuracy of such contributions. This also suggests that articles written by artificial intelligence may not be sufficiently reliable. For instance, when we input “the lumbar transforaminal injection method” into ChatGPT, it provides a lot of information on the topic. However, when asked for references, it responds with, “The information I provide is based on a vast dataset of text from a wide range of sources available on the internet, including books, websites, research papers, and more.” Indeed, it can also retrieve information from virtual and/or fake accounts. In essence, as of now, artificial intelligence lacks a truth filter similar to that of a human. While artificial intelligence facilitates rapid access to information, the uncertainty arising fro
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Co-Authorship: Perspectives on Scientific Accuracy and Responsibility","authors":"Ayşe Bahşi, Çağatay Küçükbingöz","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1770","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editors,\u0000Amidst the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence tools, we have read the editorials published in your journal on the subject of “artificial intelligence and academic articles” with great interest [1, 2]. First and foremost, we would like to express our gratitude for fostering an essential platform for discourse on this current topic. Thank you for creating a significant environment for discussion.\u0000The rapid advancements emerging in artificial intelligence tools undoubtedly promise significant contributions not only in various fields but also in the realm of science. However, just as in scientific progress, it is clear that the opportunities supporting science and enabling its advancement are also evolving. For instance, had we sent this letter to your journal thirty years ago, we might have needed to send it through postal mail. Alternatively, if our writing had been published in your journal twenty years ago, we could have read it in hard copy rather than in an online environment. Similarly, had we been practising medicine hundreds of years ago, we wouldn't have had the capability to do anything for patients that we can easily treat today with the aid of ultrasound guidance in the operating room.\u0000It is highly likely that in the future, thanks to artificial intelligence tools, many tasks will become significantly more efficient and practical. From this perspective, we believe that incorporating artificial intelligence tools into the realm of science is a necessity. However, as you have also pointed out in your editorial articles [1, 2], we believe that the inclusion of artificial intelligence tools as authors in academic research is a significant topic of debate. Based on our current knowledge and perspective, we believe this situation may not be entirely appropriate.\u0000We believe that one of the most crucial points of contention regarding the inclusion of artificial intelligence tools as authors in academic research is the concept of “accuracy”. Artificial intelligence provides us with information it finds on the internet. Whether these sources are genuinely obtained from reputable journals cannot be definitively determined. This poses a significant challenge in ensuring the accuracy of such contributions. This also suggests that articles written by artificial intelligence may not be sufficiently reliable. For instance, when we input “the lumbar transforaminal injection method” into ChatGPT, it provides a lot of information on the topic. However, when asked for references, it responds with, “The information I provide is based on a vast dataset of text from a wide range of sources available on the internet, including books, websites, research papers, and more.” Indeed, it can also retrieve information from virtual and/or fake accounts. In essence, as of now, artificial intelligence lacks a truth filter similar to that of a human. While artificial intelligence facilitates rapid access to information, the uncertainty arising fro","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81890161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple eruptive dermatofibromas (MEDF) are rare tumors and thought to be associated with the disturbances in the immune system. In our 40-year-old case, 5 nodules have developed in a 4-month period. The patient was diagnosed by a dermatologist to have MEDF, and referred to rheumatology outpatient clinic because of the symptoms such as dry mouth, and polyarthralgia. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) was made. According to the best of our knowledge, this case is the first reported association between MEDF and primary SS. Therefore, when the diagnosis of MEDF is made, SS should also been included in the comprehensive evaluation of associated diseases.
{"title":"Multiple Eruptive Dermatofibromas in a Patient with Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome","authors":"M. Kaya, D. Tecer, S. Yılmaz","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1745","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple eruptive dermatofibromas (MEDF) are rare tumors and thought to be associated with the disturbances in the immune system. In our 40-year-old case, 5 nodules have developed in a 4-month period. The patient was diagnosed by a dermatologist to have MEDF, and referred to rheumatology outpatient clinic because of the symptoms such as dry mouth, and polyarthralgia. After clinical and laboratory evaluation, the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) was made. According to the best of our knowledge, this case is the first reported association between MEDF and primary SS. Therefore, when the diagnosis of MEDF is made, SS should also been included in the comprehensive evaluation of associated diseases.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83817773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dear Editors, I am excited to see a current discussion in this journal [1]. In another editorial article, the questions and answers directed to Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence (AI) product, about the authorship process contributed to my idea of conducting a similar study [2]. In addition, addressing the editorial question, the second answer partially satisfied me because it was more innovative. Although the answers of ChatGPT in this article are apparent in the text, their contribution is not included in the footnote, explanation, acknowledgment, or reference; in some studies, it is shown in the footnote [3]; in some, it is included in the acknowledgment section [4]. Such contributions or the nature of the support received should also be evaluated and clearly stated. Which section should be included for AI-enabled content such as ChatGPT? Since accessing the previous accesses is impossible, it may be better to copy them to a visual or open access place instead of giving them a reference in the sources. Although many subjects need to be read further and a detailed examination is required, a brief description of the working mechanism should be made. AI's deep learning is to experiment with a given set of inputs and outputs and make suggestions, and when it encounters a new input, it gives it an appropriate output. As I analyze the book chapters [5] that examine the success of AI programs in the process of inventing, producing art, and doing the work of different professional groups, such as lawyers or doctors in some fields, with appropriate learning algorithms, I think that they may have a promising potential for the future in terms of writing articles. In an environment without prejudice, such as the Turing test, there has been much discussion about the superiority of intelligence only when compared to the machine [5]. In addition, the fact that AI provides a contribution whose authorship cannot be detected by similarity or plagiarism programs, which are different software products, makes this situation difficult to understand. In one of the studies contributing to this editorial correspondence, various AI examples with different functions and more capabilities are given, apart from ChatGPT. In addition, while drawing attention to the trust problem, margin of error, and differences in the level of development between programs, it was emphasized that the suitability of using AI applications for general and simple service operations such as article language editing to reduce financial costs should be treated without prejudice [6]. Another article stated that the support to be received from AI after the article was written would be more reliable, controlled, and risk-free [7]. The article that questioned AI's identity on philosophical and ethical grounds was also remarkable [8]. In a different approach, it was stated that with the increase of pseudoscience authors, scientific and unethical situations may
{"title":"Follow-up of Artificial Intelligence Development and its Controlled Contribution to the Article: Step to the Authorship?","authors":"Ekrem Solmaz","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1733","url":null,"abstract":"Dear Editors,\u0000I am excited to see a current discussion in this journal [1]. In another editorial article, the questions and answers directed to Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT), an artificial intelligence (AI) product, about the authorship process contributed to my idea of conducting a similar study [2]. In addition, addressing the editorial question, the second answer partially satisfied me because it was more innovative. Although the answers of ChatGPT in this article are apparent in the text, their contribution is not included in the footnote, explanation, acknowledgment, or reference; in some studies, it is shown in the footnote [3]; in some, it is included in the acknowledgment section [4]. Such contributions or the nature of the support received should also be evaluated and clearly stated. Which section should be included for AI-enabled content such as ChatGPT? Since accessing the previous accesses is impossible, it may be better to copy them to a visual or open access place instead of giving them a reference in the sources.\u0000Although many subjects need to be read further and a detailed examination is required, a brief description of the working mechanism should be made. AI's deep learning is to experiment with a given set of inputs and outputs and make suggestions, and when it encounters a new input, it gives it an appropriate output. As I analyze the book chapters [5] that examine the success of AI programs in the process of inventing, producing art, and doing the work of different professional groups, such as lawyers or doctors in some fields, with appropriate learning algorithms, I think that they may have a promising potential for the future in terms of writing articles. In an environment without prejudice, such as the Turing test, there has been much discussion about the superiority of intelligence only when compared to the machine [5]. In addition, the fact that AI provides a contribution whose authorship cannot be detected by similarity or plagiarism programs, which are different software products, makes this situation difficult to understand.\u0000In one of the studies contributing to this editorial correspondence, various AI examples with different functions and more capabilities are given, apart from ChatGPT. In addition, while drawing attention to the trust problem, margin of error, and differences in the level of development between programs, it was emphasized that the suitability of using AI applications for general and simple service operations such as article language editing to reduce financial costs should be treated without prejudice [6]. Another article stated that the support to be received from AI after the article was written would be more reliable, controlled, and risk-free [7]. The article that questioned AI's identity on philosophical and ethical grounds was also remarkable [8]. In a different approach, it was stated that with the increase of pseudoscience authors, scientific and unethical situations may","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"58 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86068624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The purpose of our study is to show how the relationship between marital adjustment and satisfaction will change in cases of chronic disease in either or both spouses of married couples using a multivariate statistical analysis method. Methods: Marriage adjustment ve marriage satisfaction scales were used. A structural equation modeling - multiple group analysis method was used in the study, which was designed as a relational screening model. Results: In the study, which included 898 participants, 56.6% of the participants were female and 43.4% were male. The mean age of the participants was 36.94 ± 8.72 standard deviations. First, the relationship between marital adjustment and satisfaction was analyzed using structural equation modeling, and the relationship between the scales was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). In the model, which was significant and sufficient, the variable of chronic disease was coded on the arrow representing the regression coefficient between the scales, and multiple group analysis was applied. The relationship between marital adjustment and satisfaction was found to be weak among individuals with chronic diseases. The rate of marriage satisfaction explaining marriage adjustment was lower in individuals without chronic disease (R2=0.16) than in those without chronic disease (R2=0.10). While ego scores were not significant in individuals without chronic disease (p=0.237), they were statistically significant in individuals with chronic disease (p=0.017). Conclusion: Chronic diseases has been found to have a significant impact on the relationship between spouses. Many studies have examined the effects of chronic diseases on marriage. However, our study differs from other studies because of the analytical methods used. In the scales, it was determined whether the chronic disease showed a change in the relationship between the scales, not the scores in the chronic disease state.
{"title":"Moderator Effect of Chronic Disease on The Relationship Between Marriage Adjustment and Satisfaction in Married Couples","authors":"Feyza Inceoğlu, Esra Porgalı Zayman","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1722","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of our study is to show how the relationship between marital adjustment and satisfaction will change in cases of chronic disease in either or both spouses of married couples using a multivariate statistical analysis method.\u0000Methods: Marriage adjustment ve marriage satisfaction scales were used. A structural equation modeling - multiple group analysis method was used in the study, which was designed as a relational screening model.\u0000Results: In the study, which included 898 participants, 56.6% of the participants were female and 43.4% were male. The mean age of the participants was 36.94 ± 8.72 standard deviations. First, the relationship between marital adjustment and satisfaction was analyzed using structural equation modeling, and the relationship between the scales was found to be statistically significant (p=0.001). In the model, which was significant and sufficient, the variable of chronic disease was coded on the arrow representing the regression coefficient between the scales, and multiple group analysis was applied. The relationship between marital adjustment and satisfaction was found to be weak among individuals with chronic diseases. The rate of marriage satisfaction explaining marriage adjustment was lower in individuals without chronic disease (R2=0.16) than in those without chronic disease (R2=0.10). While ego scores were not significant in individuals without chronic disease (p=0.237), they were statistically significant in individuals with chronic disease (p=0.017).\u0000Conclusion: Chronic diseases has been found to have a significant impact on the relationship between spouses. Many studies have examined the effects of chronic diseases on marriage. However, our study differs from other studies because of the analytical methods used. In the scales, it was determined whether the chronic disease showed a change in the relationship between the scales, not the scores in the chronic disease state.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79006081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: It is unclear whether exon 2 mutations are variations or a mutations that causes the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis exon 2 mutations in Familial Mediterranean Fever. Methods: The clinical features, disease severity and prognosis of all patients with at least one exon 2 mutations were evaluated retrospectively. These data were compared seperately for homozygous (Group 1), heterozygous (Group 2), compound heterozygous (Group 3), and complex alleles (Group 4), and the data were compared by grouping patients into those with and without exon 10 mutations. Results: There were a total of 119 patients with exon 2 mutations, including 11.7% in Group 1, 36.1% in Group 2, 21.8% in Group 3, and 30.2% in Group 4 were similar in terms of demographic data, clinical characteristics, and disease course. When compared patients with exon 10 mutations (+) to those with exon 10 mutations (-), the exon 10 mutations (+) group had a higher presence of chest pain (100%, p=0.02) and a significantly higher mean Pras severity score (6.66±1.87, 6.01±1.40; p=0.02). Additionally, a higher number of patients with exon 10 mutation (-) achieved remission with treatment (76 (67.9%), 36 (32.1%); p=0.03). Conclusion: Exon 2 mutations have a milder course and higher remission rates but they should be considered as Familial Mediterranean Fever disease because of their similar clinical presentation and response to colchicine treatment with exon 10 mutations. Early treatment and close follow-up should be performed.
{"title":"The Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Exon 2 Mutations in Familial Mediterranean Fever","authors":"Begüm Avcı, Gönül Parmaksız, Feride Şahin, Aytül Noyan","doi":"10.58600/eurjther1739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther1739","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: It is unclear whether exon 2 mutations are variations or a mutations that causes the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features and prognosis exon 2 mutations in Familial Mediterranean Fever. Methods: The clinical features, disease severity and prognosis of all patients with at least one exon 2 mutations were evaluated retrospectively. These data were compared seperately for homozygous (Group 1), heterozygous (Group 2), compound heterozygous (Group 3), and complex alleles (Group 4), and the data were compared by grouping patients into those with and without exon 10 mutations. Results: There were a total of 119 patients with exon 2 mutations, including 11.7% in Group 1, 36.1% in Group 2, 21.8% in Group 3, and 30.2% in Group 4 were similar in terms of demographic data, clinical characteristics, and disease course. When compared patients with exon 10 mutations (+) to those with exon 10 mutations (-), the exon 10 mutations (+) group had a higher presence of chest pain (100%, p=0.02) and a significantly higher mean Pras severity score (6.66±1.87, 6.01±1.40; p=0.02). Additionally, a higher number of patients with exon 10 mutation (-) achieved remission with treatment (76 (67.9%), 36 (32.1%); p=0.03). Conclusion: Exon 2 mutations have a milder course and higher remission rates but they should be considered as Familial Mediterranean Fever disease because of their similar clinical presentation and response to colchicine treatment with exon 10 mutations. Early treatment and close follow-up should be performed.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135492605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Burak Özbaş, A. Gökçay Canpolat, Cansu Özbaş, D. Çorapçıoğlu, M. Şahin
Objective: It is not yet clear whether unilateral/bilateral adenomas are different in terms of both functionality and etiology. We investigated whether there were differences in hormonal profiles and evaluate the cortisol secretion profiles of unilateral and bilateral adenomas. Methods: Hormonal secretory profiles and clinical features of patients with adenomas were collected. Detailed evaluation was made in terms of hypercortisolemia. Results: Of the 184 patients examined, 140 had unilateral and 44 had bilateral adenomas. 73% of the patients were female and the mean body mass index was 34±8.1kg/m2. The mean age was 57.1±9.8 years. The average size of the adrenal masses was 23.3±10.5mm. While 83% of the evaluated adenomas were nonfunctional, ACS was found in 11% (n:20), hyperaldosteronism in 4% (n:8), and pheochromocytoma (PCC) in 2% (n:3) of the patients. The prevalence of ACS in bilateral/unilateral adenomas was 20.5%/7.9%, respectively. While serum adrenocorticotropic hormone level (25.6±16.6vs19.3±15µg/dL), urinary free cortisol level (162.3±108.3vs243.3±234.2µg/day), and low-dose-dexamethasone-suppression-test results (1.6±1.9vs1.73±1.7µg/dL) were not statistically different, the only difference between unilateral and bilateral adenomas was in serum DHEA-S level (141.4±85vs77.7±73.8 µg/dL, p:0.003). Conclusion: Although there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical findings, it is clear that ACS is more prevalent in bilateral adenomas than unilateral. Because of the negative effects of long-term hypercortisolism, precise management of ACS is noteworthy. The evaluation of ACS should be done more carefully in bilateral adenomas considering that ACS is more in bilateral adenomas than unilateral. According to our findings, we also suggest that DHEA-S may be an indicator for ACS.
{"title":"The Hormonal Status Comparison of Unilateral and Bilateral Adrenal Adenomas: Are They the Same?","authors":"Burak Özbaş, A. Gökçay Canpolat, Cansu Özbaş, D. Çorapçıoğlu, M. Şahin","doi":"10.58600/eurjther665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58600/eurjther665","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: It is not yet clear whether unilateral/bilateral adenomas are different in terms of both functionality and etiology. We investigated whether there were differences in hormonal profiles and evaluate the cortisol secretion profiles of unilateral and bilateral adenomas.\u0000Methods: Hormonal secretory profiles and clinical features of patients with adenomas were collected. Detailed evaluation was made in terms of hypercortisolemia.\u0000Results: Of the 184 patients examined, 140 had unilateral and 44 had bilateral adenomas. 73% of the patients were female and the mean body mass index was 34±8.1kg/m2. The mean age was 57.1±9.8 years. The average size of the adrenal masses was 23.3±10.5mm. While 83% of the evaluated adenomas were nonfunctional, ACS was found in 11% (n:20), hyperaldosteronism in 4% (n:8), and pheochromocytoma (PCC) in 2% (n:3) of the patients. The prevalence of ACS in bilateral/unilateral adenomas was 20.5%/7.9%, respectively. While serum adrenocorticotropic hormone level (25.6±16.6vs19.3±15µg/dL), urinary free cortisol level (162.3±108.3vs243.3±234.2µg/day), and low-dose-dexamethasone-suppression-test results (1.6±1.9vs1.73±1.7µg/dL) were not statistically different, the only difference between unilateral and bilateral adenomas was in serum DHEA-S level (141.4±85vs77.7±73.8 µg/dL, p:0.003).\u0000Conclusion: Although there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of clinical findings, it is clear that ACS is more prevalent in bilateral adenomas than unilateral. Because of the negative effects of long-term hypercortisolism, precise management of ACS is noteworthy. The evaluation of ACS should be done more carefully in bilateral adenomas considering that ACS is more in bilateral adenomas than unilateral. According to our findings, we also suggest that DHEA-S may be an indicator for ACS.","PeriodicalId":42642,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Therapeutics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83349655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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