Nonprofits are key social service providers in many Western welfare states. Yet the nonprofits that deliver government-funded public services are also an important part of civil society and, in theory, promote democratic inclusion through their democratic civil society function. But to what extent do welfare-providing nonprofits carry out democracy-promoting activities in reality and what do these activities include? Using a survey distributed to Canadian charities that operate government-funded homeless shelters, we find evidence of activities falling within three areas of democracy promotion: support for political participation, internal democratic governance, and representative voice. The variation amongst different activities is presented in ideal types, which can inform future studies of the democratic function of nonprofits. Our empirical results point to a vital role of homeless shelters that extends beyond the provision of basic needs and contribute to a better understanding of the modalities of democratic inclusion for excluded populations.
{"title":"Do Service-Providing Nonprofits Contribute to Democratic Inclusion? Analyzing Democracy Promotion by Canadian Homeless Shelters","authors":"Anna Kopec, Kristen Pue","doi":"10.29173/cjnser615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser615","url":null,"abstract":"Nonprofits are key social service providers in many Western welfare states. Yet the nonprofits that deliver government-funded public services are also an important part of civil society and, in theory, promote democratic inclusion through their democratic civil society function. But to what extent do welfare-providing nonprofits carry out democracy-promoting activities in reality and what do these activities include? Using a survey distributed to Canadian charities that operate government-funded homeless shelters, we find evidence of activities falling within three areas of democracy promotion: support for political participation, internal democratic governance, and representative voice. The variation amongst different activities is presented in ideal types, which can inform future studies of the democratic function of nonprofits. Our empirical results point to a vital role of homeless shelters that extends beyond the provision of basic needs and contribute to a better understanding of the modalities of democratic inclusion for excluded populations.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49624193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community Economies in the Global South: Case Studies of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations and Economic Cooperation","authors":"James Patriquin","doi":"10.29173/cjnser620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48247507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indigenous Peoples are the fastest growing and youngest populations in Canada, yet face persistent housing crises across both urban and reserve settings. While Indigenous Peoples often move to cities in search of employment and education, they are overrepresented among the homeless population. This article, summarizing results from the author’s doctoral dissertation, provides a review of housing transitions needs and barriers from the experiences and perspectives of 13 Indigenous Elders/traditional knowledge keepers and youth, employing a narrative inquiry methodology and traditional knowledges interpretive framework. The intersection of Indigenous culture, community, housing transition, supports, and barriers is presented, highlighting the narrative voices, experiences, and perspectives of community members and Elders. Implications for service providers, policy, and future directions are included in this work.
{"title":"Our Home Is Native Land: Teachings, Perspectives, and Experiences of Indigenous Houselessness","authors":"Mikaela Gabriel","doi":"10.29173/cjnser574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser574","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous Peoples are the fastest growing and youngest populations in Canada, yet face persistent housing crises across both urban and reserve settings. While Indigenous Peoples often move to cities in search of employment and education, they are overrepresented among the homeless population. This article, summarizing results from the author’s doctoral dissertation, provides a review of housing transitions needs and barriers from the experiences and perspectives of 13 Indigenous Elders/traditional knowledge keepers and youth, employing a narrative inquiry methodology and traditional knowledges interpretive framework. The intersection of Indigenous culture, community, housing transition, supports, and barriers is presented, highlighting the narrative voices, experiences, and perspectives of community members and Elders. Implications for service providers, policy, and future directions are included in this work.","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42099043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this article is to describe housing and community economic development in Membertou, a First Nation community located in Mi’kma’ki. First, I review how the federal government has not adequately intervened in housing for First Nations communities across Canada. I then present a case of my home community of Membertou and the initiatives that are in place to help solve the local housing crisis and generate community wealth at the same time. These initiatives include the generation of community-controlled businesses and changes to the land code, and new housing initiatives using own-source funding which also incorporate the use of locally owned and operated companies for housing construction and which emphasize training and skills development among band members. In this case study, I use data including community reports, media stories, and in-depth interviews.
{"title":"Housing and Community Economic Development: The Case of Membertou","authors":"Melissa MacDonald","doi":"10.29173/cjnser533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser533","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to describe housing and community economic development in Membertou, a First Nation community located in Mi’kma’ki. First, I review how the federal government has not adequately intervened in housing for First Nations communities across Canada. I then present a case of my home community of Membertou and the initiatives that are in place to help solve the local housing crisis and generate community wealth at the same time. These initiatives include the generation of community-controlled businesses and changes to the land code, and new housing initiatives using own-source funding which also incorporate the use of locally owned and operated companies for housing construction and which emphasize training and skills development among band members. In this case study, I use data including community reports, media stories, and in-depth interviews.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43311361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shifting from Economic Poverty to Prosperity: The Challenge for Indigenous Communities","authors":"A. Harper, S. Hill, Myrle Ballard, S. Thompson","doi":"10.29173/cjnser622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser622","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41982781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Babajide Oni, Donna Martin, Marleny Bonnycastle, Norman Wood, S. Thompson
The Mino Bimaadiziwin Homebuilders postsecondary education pilot project built Indigenous youth capacity and houses in two remote Anishinini reserves—Garden Hill and Wasagamack. To evaluate this community-led project, a sustainable livelihood assessment holistically measured the impact on 45 of the 70 (64%) Homebuilder students and the community. The community benefited by gaining three culturally appropriate houses built from local lumber and employment opportunities for Anishinini instructors. A longitudinal survey found five of the six livelihood assets improved statistically and significantly, including satisfaction with social relationships, cultural awareness, income and ability to pay bills, housing safety, and human development. Students reported better relations with their families and neighbourhood. Most (85%) of the 70 Homebuilder students earned postsecondary certificates either in forestry, homebuilding or both while obtaining a training stipend, which elevated their incomes. These positive outcomes occurred despite project underfunding, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, climate change events, and inequitable housing policies under the Indian Act. Based on this project’s success, we recommend investing in Indigenous-led postsecondary education in community homebuilding projects. However, to attain equitable housing and human rights, a plan is needed to overturn the Indian Act, which keeps Indigenous people as “wards of the state” and their land in trust.
{"title":"Mino Bimaadiziwin Homebuilder Program’s Impact on Sustainable Livelihoods Among Youth in Garden Hill and Wasagamack First Nations: An Evaluative Study","authors":"Babajide Oni, Donna Martin, Marleny Bonnycastle, Norman Wood, S. Thompson","doi":"10.29173/cjnser554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser554","url":null,"abstract":"The Mino Bimaadiziwin Homebuilders postsecondary education pilot project built Indigenous youth capacity and houses in two remote Anishinini reserves—Garden Hill and Wasagamack. To evaluate this community-led project, a sustainable livelihood assessment holistically measured the impact on 45 of the 70 (64%) Homebuilder students and the community. The community benefited by gaining three culturally appropriate houses built from local lumber and employment opportunities for Anishinini instructors. A longitudinal survey found five of the six livelihood assets improved statistically and significantly, including satisfaction with social relationships, cultural awareness, income and ability to pay bills, housing safety, and human development. Students reported better relations with their families and neighbourhood. Most (85%) of the 70 Homebuilder students earned postsecondary certificates either in forestry, homebuilding or both while obtaining a training stipend, which elevated their incomes. These positive outcomes occurred despite project underfunding, the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, climate change events, and inequitable housing policies under the Indian Act. Based on this project’s success, we recommend investing in Indigenous-led postsecondary education in community homebuilding projects. However, to attain equitable housing and human rights, a plan is needed to overturn the Indian Act, which keeps Indigenous people as “wards of the state” and their land in trust.","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43084294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the social economy can achieve many positive outcomes, one recent benefit is that it can be a route to Indigenous food sovereignty—a restorative framework for feeding communities and engaging in decolonization. This article examines how some Indigenous groups in Canada use the social economy to build food sovereignty, beginning with an overview of cultural relationships with food, its place in an Indigenous worldview, and the effect of colonization on Indigenous foodways. After introducing food sovereignty, and in particular Indigenous food sovereignty, it focuses on how some Indigenous communities are using the social economy to build food sovereignty, using the example of the Northern Manitoba Food, Culture, and Community Collaborative. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of community and food sovereignty, not only for Indigenous Peoples but also for the social economy itself.
{"title":"Growing Community Sustenance: The Social Economy as a Route to Indigenous Food Sovereignty","authors":"J. Sumner, J. McMurtry, Derya Tarhan","doi":"10.29173/cjnser535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser535","url":null,"abstract":"While the social economy can achieve many positive outcomes, one recent benefit is that it can be a route to Indigenous food sovereignty—a restorative framework for feeding communities and engaging in decolonization. This article examines how some Indigenous groups in Canada use the social economy to build food sovereignty, beginning with an overview of cultural relationships with food, its place in an Indigenous worldview, and the effect of colonization on Indigenous foodways. After introducing food sovereignty, and in particular Indigenous food sovereignty, it focuses on how some Indigenous communities are using the social economy to build food sovereignty, using the example of the Northern Manitoba Food, Culture, and Community Collaborative. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of community and food sovereignty, not only for Indigenous Peoples but also for the social economy itself.","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48073186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most Indigenous women in Canada (61%) experience intimate partner violence (IPV), which is significantly worse than the high rate of 44 percent for other women in Canada. Despite the great risk for IPV, only three unfunded second-stage shelters for more than 600 First Nation reserves exist in Canada to provide First Nation women and their children a safe home. Second-stage housing offers IPV survivors transitional homes for an extended period that provide safety and renewal after their initial emergency shelter stays. This article documents the need for safe, nurturing, and culturally appropriate second-stage shelters for Indigenous women and their families to heal and rebuild. The authors provide two second-stage prototype designs based on domestic environmental analysis and concepts of houselessness, home, and co-housing. We discuss how these designs are one step in an action plan to protect Indigenous women and stop the genocide of Indigenous Peoples by supporting cultural, economic, health, and social development. The literature review and design concepts form an agenda to have design goals for housing IPV survivors that answers the “Calls to Justice for Murdered and Missing Women” and expands this needed service to every reserve.
{"title":"Investing in Saving Lives: Designing Second-Stage Women’s Shelters on First Nation Reserves","authors":"Courtney Allary, S. Thompson, S. Mallory-Hill","doi":"10.29173/cjnser557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser557","url":null,"abstract":"Most Indigenous women in Canada (61%) experience intimate partner violence (IPV), which is significantly worse than the high rate of 44 percent for other women in Canada. Despite the great risk for IPV, only three unfunded second-stage shelters for more than 600 First Nation reserves exist in Canada to provide First Nation women and their children a safe home. Second-stage housing offers IPV survivors transitional homes for an extended period that provide safety and renewal after their initial emergency shelter stays. This article documents the need for safe, nurturing, and culturally appropriate second-stage shelters for Indigenous women and their families to heal and rebuild. The authors provide two second-stage prototype designs based on domestic environmental analysis and concepts of houselessness, home, and co-housing. We discuss how these designs are one step in an action plan to protect Indigenous women and stop the genocide of Indigenous Peoples by supporting cultural, economic, health, and social development. The literature review and design concepts form an agenda to have design goals for housing IPV survivors that answers the “Calls to Justice for Murdered and Missing Women” and expands this needed service to every reserve.","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42786992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Could a philanthropic model aimed at community development enforce colonial policy rather than providing equitable economic opportunity? This research analyzes the transcripts of 20 public webinars on philanthropy and the Indian Act and maps the 54 community foundations in Manitoba, Canada. All 54 community foundations in Manitoba service only settler-dominated cities and municipalities, with none on Native communities. As community foundations serve only their specific geographical areas, the community foundations in Manitoba effectively concentrate wealth in settler-dominated cities and municipalities, taking away needed resources from Native communities. In excluding the poorest communities in Manitoba, this philanthropic model further entrenches marginalization, poverty, and health risks for Native people on Native communities.
{"title":"Indian Act Philanthropy: Why are Community Foundations Missing from Native Communities in Manitoba, Canada?","authors":"Craig Blacksmith, K. Thapa, Tayzia Stormhunter","doi":"10.29173/cjnser556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser556","url":null,"abstract":"Could a philanthropic model aimed at community development enforce colonial policy rather than providing equitable economic opportunity? This research analyzes the transcripts of 20 public webinars on philanthropy and the Indian Act and maps the 54 community foundations in Manitoba, Canada. All 54 community foundations in Manitoba service only settler-dominated cities and municipalities, with none on Native communities. As community foundations serve only their specific geographical areas, the community foundations in Manitoba effectively concentrate wealth in settler-dominated cities and municipalities, taking away needed resources from Native communities. In excluding the poorest communities in Manitoba, this philanthropic model further entrenches marginalization, poverty, and health risks for Native people on Native communities.","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46623646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article s’intéresse à la manière de ré-« concilier » l’appui à l’entrepreneuriat en contexte autochtone à partir de l’étude du cas de StartUp Nations, un programme d’accompagnement en entrepreneuriat collectif pour les jeunes des Premières Nations au Québec. Basé sur une approche qualitative décoloniale permettant la mise en valeur de points de vue des personnes selon leur propre cadre culturel, cet article montre comment l’approche pédagogique et le contenu théorique du programme ont été adaptés. La démarche de ré-« conciliation » peut être résumée en six actions concrètes prises par StartUp Nations pour répondre aux besoins et aspirations des jeunes, ainsi qu’aux réalités des Premières Nations.
{"title":"Accompagnement à l’entrepreneuriat collectif des jeunes Autochtones : un récit d’expérience d’autochtonisation","authors":"Émilie Fortin-Lefebvre, Karine Awashish, Natasha Blanchet-Cohen","doi":"10.29173/cjnser555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/cjnser555","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article s’intéresse à la manière de ré-« concilier » l’appui à l’entrepreneuriat en contexte autochtone à partir de l’étude du cas de StartUp Nations, un programme d’accompagnement en entrepreneuriat collectif pour les jeunes des Premières Nations au Québec. Basé sur une approche qualitative décoloniale permettant la mise en valeur de points de vue des personnes selon leur propre cadre culturel, cet article montre comment l’approche pédagogique et le contenu théorique du programme ont été adaptés. La démarche de ré-« conciliation » peut être résumée en six actions concrètes prises par StartUp Nations pour répondre aux besoins et aspirations des jeunes, ainsi qu’aux réalités des Premières Nations.","PeriodicalId":42673,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Nonprofit and Social Economy Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45017792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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