Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献_第3页

Plasmonic nanostructure-based optical nano-sensing for ultrasensitive detection of environmental pollutants 基于等离子体纳米结构的光学纳米传感技术用于环境污染物的超灵敏检测

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100424

Lixiang Fan , Dongxin Xu , Fei Lin , Mingkun Yuan , Yishui Lin , Zaijin Li , Zhibin Zhao , Hao Chen , Yi Qu , Guojun Liu , Lin li

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), owing to its ultrahigh sensitivity, rapid response, and molecular fingerprint recognition capability, has emerged as a powerful analytical technique for trace environmental pollutant detection. However, the performance of SERS is largely determined by the plasmonic properties of the substrate, and thus the development of nanostructured substrates with simultaneously high enhancement factors, excellent signal uniformity, and reliable batch-to-batch reproducibility remains a critical challenge. In this work, we constructed a composite SERS sensing platform based on noble-metal heterostructures. A 100 nm-thick gold film was first deposited onto a periodically ordered nanoporous sapphire array via electron-beam evaporation (Au/porous sapphire). Subsequently, chemically reduced silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were mixed with the analyte solution and self-assembled onto the Au/porous sapphire surface. Finite element simulations revealed that the Ag NP/Au film heterostructure could generate a larger number of electromagnetic “hotspots” compared with single-metal counterparts. Using rhodamine 6 G (R6G), malachite green (MG), melamine, and methylene blue (MB) as probe molecules, the platform exhibited outstanding detection sensitivity, excellent spectral reproducibility, and uniform signal distribution. Furthermore, the substrate enabled ultrasensitive detection of common microplastics (PE, PET, PP, and PS) as well as trace formaldehyde, with the latter facilitated by a 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP)-mediated capture strategy. Collectively, this work establishes a stable and reproducible SERS sensing platform, offering a promising pathway for trace pollutant monitoring and environmental safety assessment.

表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）由于其超高灵敏度、快速响应和分子指纹识别能力，已成为痕量环境污染物检测的有力分析技术。然而，SERS的性能在很大程度上取决于衬底的等离子体特性，因此开发同时具有高增强因子、优异的信号均匀性和可靠的批对批再现性的纳米结构衬底仍然是一个关键挑战。在这项工作中，我们构建了一个基于贵金属异质结构的复合SERS传感平台。首先通过电子束蒸发将100 nm厚的金膜沉积在周期性有序的纳米多孔蓝宝石阵列上（Au/多孔蓝宝石）。随后，化学还原银纳米粒子（Ag NPs）与分析物溶液混合，并自组装到Au/多孔蓝宝石表面。有限元模拟表明，Ag NP/Au薄膜异质结构比单金属异质结构产生更多的电磁“热点”。该平台以罗丹明6g （R6G）、孔雀石绿（MG）、三聚氰胺和亚甲基蓝（MB）为探测分子，检测灵敏度高，光谱重现性好，信号分布均匀。此外，该底物还可以超灵敏地检测常见的微塑料（PE、PET、PP和PS）以及微量甲醛，后者是通过4-氨基噻吩（4-ATP）介导的捕获策略实现的。综上所述，本工作建立了一个稳定、可重复的SERS传感平台，为痕量污染物监测和环境安全评价提供了一条有前景的途径。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR/Cas13a-enhanced FRET-PAINT (CFP) platform for highly sensitive detection of schistosome-derived miRNA CRISPR/ cas13a增强的FRET-PAINT （CFP）平台用于血吸虫源性miRNA的高灵敏度检测

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100423

Mengzhu Guo , Jiamei Zhong , Ziyue Xu , Tianyu Chen , Hongfeng Cui , Qi Wen , Shuying Xie , Yifei Yang , Xian Hao

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital biomarkers for early diagnosis of numerous diseases, yet their low abundance and high sequence homology pose significant challenges to conventional detection methods. To address these limitations, we present a novel ultrasensitive and highly specific miRNA detection platform that integrates the CRISPR/Cas13a system with single-molecule FRET-PAINT imaging. By leveraging a precisely localized donor–acceptor FRET mechanism and transient probe binding, our method achieves an approximately 80 % reduction in background noise compared to DNA-PAINT, reaching a detection limit as low as 103.58 aM. We further enhance specificity by introducing intentional mismatches in crRNA design, enabling robust discrimination among highly homologous sequences and rapid reconfiguration for new targets. The platform exhibits excellent anti-interference performance in unprocessed serum, with recovery rates ranging from 96.9 % to 109.6 %. Validation using nine clinical samples demonstrates 100 % diagnostic accuracy. This innovative platform provides a reliable technological foundation for the early screening and precise diagnosis of miRNA-related diseases.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs）是许多疾病早期诊断的重要生物标志物，但其低丰度和高序列同源性对传统检测方法构成了重大挑战。为了解决这些限制，我们提出了一种新的超灵敏和高特异性的miRNA检测平台，该平台将CRISPR/Cas13a系统与单分子FRET-PAINT成像相结合。通过利用精确定位的供体-受体FRET机制和瞬态探针结合，与DNA-PAINT相比，我们的方法实现了大约80%的背景噪声降低，检测极限低至103.58 aM。我们通过在crRNA设计中引入故意错配来进一步增强特异性，从而实现高度同源序列之间的强大区分和对新靶标的快速重构。该平台对未经处理的血清具有良好的抗干扰性能，回收率为96.9% ~ 109.6%。使用9个临床样本的验证证明了100%的诊断准确性。这一创新平台为mirna相关疾病的早期筛查和精准诊断提供了可靠的技术基础。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanistic understanding of gas sensing in palladium nanoparticles-decorated porous ZnO nanosheets: Correlating energy barrier and ionized oxygen species with sensing performance 钯纳米粒子修饰的多孔ZnO纳米片气敏的机理：能量势垒和电离氧与传感性能的关系

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100422

Ha Eun Choa , Min Young Kim , Chul Oh Park , Dung Thi Hanh To , Nosang Vincent Myung , Kyu Hyoung Lee

Nanoscale heterostructures composed of noble metals and metal oxides are widely employed to enhance gas sensing performance. However, the fundamental sensing mechanisms underlying these improvements remain incompletely understood. Herein, we investigate the surface reaction characteristics of porous ZnO nanosheets (P-ZnO NSs) decorated with Pd nanoparticles (NPs), focusing on two key parameters: the energy barrier for carrier transport (E_b) and the dominant ionized oxygen species, inferred from the power law exponent n in the relation

R = A {P_{O_{2}}}^{n}

,where R is the resistance and

P_{O_{2}}

is the oxygen partial pressure. Our results show that Pd NPs decoration significantly modulates E_b, and both E_b and n are strongly correlated with gas sensing behavior. Temperature- and concentration-dependent measurements reveal that an increased ΔE_b enhances the response toward acetone, while the optimal sensing temperature can be inferred from the n value. A maximum sensing response of ∼ 0.16 was achieved at 450 °C in the sample with ∼3.1 % Pd surface coverage, which exhibited the highest ΔE_b (0.60 eV) and an n value of 0.26, corresponding to dominant ionized oxygen species of O²⁻. For NO₂ sensing, the same sample also exhibited the largest response at 250 °C, suggesting that surface band modulation plays dominant role in oxidizing gas detection as well. In contrast, NH₃ sensing was comparatively suppressed, which is attributed to competing oxidative surface pathways that partially counteract the electron-donation effect of NH₃.

由贵金属和金属氧化物组成的纳米异质结构被广泛应用于提高气敏性能。然而，这些改进背后的基本感知机制仍然不完全清楚。本文研究了Pd纳米粒子修饰的多孔ZnO纳米片（P-ZnO NSs）的表面反应特性，重点研究了两个关键参数：载流子输运的能垒（Eb）和主要的电离氧，这是由R=APO2n中的幂律指数n推断出来的，其中R为电阻，PO2为氧分压。我们的研究结果表明，Pd NPs装饰显著调节Eb，并且Eb和n都与气感行为密切相关。温度和浓度相关的测量表明，ΔEb的增加增强了对丙酮的响应，而最佳传感温度可以从n值推断出来。在450°C下，在Pd表面覆盖率为3.1%的样品中，最大传感响应为~ 0.16，其中ΔEb （0.60 eV）最高，n值为0.26，对应于O2−的主要电离氧。对于NO2的检测，同样的样品在250°C时也表现出最大的响应，这表明表面波段调制在氧化气体检测中也起主导作用。相比之下，对NH3的感知被相对抑制，这是由于竞争的氧化表面途径部分抵消了NH3的电子给能作用。

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引用次数: 0

AI-assisted design and application of wound dressings 人工智能辅助伤口敷料的设计与应用

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100414

Jiekai Guan , Zuhao Li , Huayue Hu , Jiye He, Guiquan Cai, Dongliang Wang

The rising prevalence of wounds from various causes has highlighted the challenge of addressing their complex microenvironments. Conventional design and manufacturing methods of dressings face difficulties in achieving optimal performance and often fall short of meeting specific needs, emphasizing the urgent demand for functional alternatives. With advancements in science and technology, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool to address these issues. AI offers the potential to optimize dressing design and fabrication, enabling precise targeting of complex wound environments. This review provides an overview of AI-assisted wound dressing technologies, focusing on their design methodologies and applications. It categorizes dressings by material types and explores existing AI-assisted strategies for improving their functionality. We also discuss the limitations of traditional approaches, the potential of AI to overcome these barriers, and future directions for integrating AI into wound care. In conclusion, the development of AI-assisted wound dressings is expected to transform the field. It will enhance our understanding of wound-specific requirements, improve dressing functionality, and support personalized treatment strategies, ultimately paving the way for clinical applications.

各种原因造成的伤口越来越普遍，这凸显了解决其复杂微环境的挑战。传统的敷料设计和制造方法在达到最佳性能方面面临困难，并且往往不能满足特定的需要，这强调了对功能替代品的迫切需求。随着科学技术的进步，人工智能（AI）已经成为解决这些问题的有力工具。人工智能提供了优化敷料设计和制造的潜力，能够精确定位复杂的伤口环境。本文综述了人工智能辅助伤口敷料技术，重点介绍了其设计方法和应用。它根据材料类型对敷料进行分类，并探索现有的人工智能辅助策略，以提高其功能。我们还讨论了传统方法的局限性，人工智能克服这些障碍的潜力，以及将人工智能整合到伤口护理中的未来方向。总之，人工智能辅助伤口敷料的发展有望改变这一领域。它将增强我们对伤口特定要求的理解，改善敷料功能，并支持个性化治疗策略，最终为临床应用铺平道路。

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引用次数: 0

Two-step constructing a p-n heterojunction interfaces for ultrasensitive detection of isopropanol in real stool sample for early colorectal cancer diagnosis and machine learning prediction model 两步构建p-n异质结界面超灵敏检测真实粪便样品中的异丙醇，用于早期结直肠癌诊断和机器学习预测模型

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100420

Weiyu Xiao , Tong Ji , Runze Zhong , Liangdan Zhao , Lifeng Ding , Qingliang Tai , Songbing He , Qiuchen Dong

This research reported a novel p-n junction interface for the enhanced isopropanol detection to tackle the quantitative analysis of headspace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for real feces sample from colorectal cancer, adenomas and healthy samples in alleviating the uncomfortableness of colonoscopy and false positive in other methods such as genetic related fecal occult blood testing. Iridium oxide and zinc oxide were fabricated according to optimized electrodeposition method and calcination process to further elevate their crystallinity and forming new chemical bond between them. The constructed iridium oxide-zinc oxide p-n junction was used for selective 5 ppm isopropanol detection among 5 ppm methanol, 5 ppm ethanol, 1.6 ppm propan-1-ol, 3.2 ppm buta-1-ol, 80 ppm acetic acid, 106 ppm propanoic acid, and 15 ppm butane-2,3‑dione headspace gases, resulting in an ultrasensitive and selective isopropanol gas sensor. A linear range of 0.0585 ppm to 58.5 ppm isopropanol concentration was constructed with linear product-moment correlation coefficient fitting results of 0.971 for intra-stability test and 0.981 for inter-stability test. The sensitivity is 0.532 and 0.547 for intra- and inter-electrode testing. The proposed sensor possesses CRC pre-screen diagnosis by monitoring isopropanol concentration with a limit of detection (LoD) at 8.32 ppm and limit of quantification (LoQ) at 18.10 ppm. The long-term stability has also been tested up to 90 days. The results demonstrate that the first 30 days the sensor has kept over 90 % of response rate. The as-prepared sensor marks a potential application for real sample screening for CRC disease.

本研究报道了一种新型的p-n结界面，用于增强异丙醇检测，以解决结直肠癌、腺瘤和健康样本真实粪便样品的顶空挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的定量分析，减轻结肠镜检查的不适和其他方法如遗传相关粪便潜血检测的假阳性。采用优化后的电沉积方法和煅烧工艺制备氧化铱和氧化锌，进一步提高了两者的结晶度，形成了新的化学键。将所构建的氧化铱-氧化锌p-n结用于5 ppm甲醇、5 ppm乙醇、1.6 ppm丙烯-1-醇、3.2 ppm丁烷-1-醇、80 ppm乙酸、106 ppm丙烯酸和15 ppm丁烷-2,3 -二酮顶空气体中5 ppm异丙醇的选择性检测，得到了超灵敏和选择性的异丙醇气体传感器。异丙醇浓度在0.0585 ppm ~ 58.5 ppm范围内呈线性关系，内稳定性试验的线性积矩相关系数为0.971，间稳定性试验的线性积矩相关系数为0.981。电极内和电极间的灵敏度分别为0.532和0.547。该传感器通过监测异丙醇浓度实现CRC预筛查诊断，检测限（LoD）为8.32 ppm，定量限（LoQ）为18.10 ppm。长期稳定性也经过了长达90天的测试。结果表明，传感器前30天的响应率保持在90%以上。制备的传感器标志着CRC疾病真实样本筛选的潜在应用。

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引用次数: 0

Review of flexible touchpad technology: From principles to applications 柔性触摸板技术综述：从原理到应用

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100419

Youliang Lv , Tao Chen , Jun Li , Bo Zhu , Yang Wang , Chunping Ma , Fei Wang

Flexible touchpads are rapidly emerging as pivotal interfaces for wearable electronics, soft robotics, and embodied intelligence, enabling deformable, conformal, and multimodal human-machine interaction, yet their commercial adoption remains hindered by persistent challenges despite significant academic and technological progress. This review provides a quantitative, critical, and system-oriented analysis to identify key bottlenecks and propose actionable strategies for scalable deployment. It begins with examining dominant working mechanisms and benchmarking representative devices across critical performance metrics, including pressure range, sensitivity, resolution, response time, and mechanical durability. Then it traces a technology roadmap from material selection and routing architectures to fabrication methods, with applications spanning gesture recognition, health monitoring, and in-vehicle interaction, while emphasizing system-level considerations such as integration with flexible electronics and power efficiency. Key challenges are distilled, including material fatigue and interfacial delamination under prolonged deformation, signal drift and crosstalk in large-area arrays, packaging robustness and washability for daily use, and the absence of standardized testing protocols, alongside proposed solutions such as mechanically graded structures, durable interfacial bonding, optimized low-wire-count routing, and algorithm-hardware co-design. The review offers a foundational guide for researchers and engineers aiming to bridge the gap between flexible touchpad innovation and practical deployment.

柔性触摸板正迅速成为可穿戴电子产品、软机器人和具身智能的关键接口，实现可变形、保形和多模态人机交互，然而，尽管学术和技术取得了重大进展，但其商业应用仍受到持续挑战的阻碍。本综述提供了定量的、关键的和面向系统的分析，以确定关键瓶颈，并为可扩展部署提出可操作的策略。首先检查主要工作机制，并对关键性能指标（包括压力范围、灵敏度、分辨率、响应时间和机械耐久性）中的代表性设备进行基准测试。然后，它追溯了从材料选择和路由架构到制造方法的技术路线图，其应用跨越手势识别，健康监测和车载交互，同时强调系统级考虑，例如与柔性电子设备的集成和功率效率。主要挑战包括材料疲劳和长时间变形下的界面分层，大面积阵列中的信号漂移和串扰，日常使用的封装坚固性和可洗涤性，以及缺乏标准化测试协议，以及提出的解决方案，如机械分级结构，耐用的界面粘合，优化的低线数路由和算法硬件协同设计。该综述为旨在弥合柔性触摸板创新与实际部署之间差距的研究人员和工程师提供了基础指南。

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引用次数: 0

CRISPR-on-beads: A simple and sensitive assay for detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-on-beads：一种检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的简单、灵敏的方法

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100418

Jiaxiang Ye , Li Liu , Ruonan Peng , Fengjun Xu , Yujie Men , Ke Du

CRISPR/Cas12a, recognized for its high efficiency and specificity in nucleic acid recognition, has found extensive applications in infectious disease sensing. Nonetheless, a significant challenge persists in devising a simple method for the rapid, convenient, and accurate visualization of detection results. In this study, we demonstrate an innovative and simple CRISPR-on-beads assay for visual detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This approach combines isothermal target amplification, CRISPR/LbCas12a-mediated cleavage, and magnetic bead-based probe binding for signal amplification, enabling rapid and convenient identification of bacterial DNA. Our results show that this detection method exhibits both high sensitivity and specificity, with a detection limit as low as 30 CFU/μL. This newly developed biosensing approach can easily be integrated with a portable fluorescence microscope for medical diagnostics in resource-limited settings.

CRISPR/Cas12a因其在核酸识别方面的高效性和特异性而被广泛应用于传染病传感领域。然而，设计一种快速、方便、准确地可视化检测结果的简单方法仍然是一个重大的挑战。在这项研究中，我们展示了一种创新和简单的CRISPR-on-beads检测方法，用于视觉检测耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）。该方法结合等温靶扩增、CRISPR/ lbcas12a介导的裂解和基于磁珠的探针结合进行信号扩增，实现了细菌DNA的快速便捷鉴定。结果表明，该检测方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异性，检测限低至30 CFU/μL。这种新开发的生物传感方法可以很容易地与便携式荧光显微镜相结合，用于资源有限的医疗诊断。

引用次数: 0

A point-of-care test for miR-129–5p detection at sub-atto molar concentrations exploiting plasmonic pollen probes combined with complementary DNA 利用等离子体花粉探针结合互补DNA进行亚atatmolar浓度miR-129-5p检测的即时检测

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100417

Laura Pasquardini , Rosalba Pitruzzella , Francesco Arcadio , Mafalda Rizzuti , Valentina Melzi , Francesca Sironi , Lia Vanzetti , Andrea Chiappini , Chiara Perri , Linda Ottoboni , Nunzio Cennamo , Stefania Corti , Luigi Zeni

MicroRNAs represent an emerging class of biomarkers that can be correlated with pathological situations. Precise and rapid detection of these biomarkers via Point-of-Care Tests (POCT) can be crucial for early disease identification or monitoring of medical treatments. In this work, an ultra-highly sensitive biosensing strategy for POCT, based on hybrid plasmonic phenomena in pollen-based nanostructures covered by gold, combined with a specific bioreceptor layer, is presented. The miRNA detection is carried out in just 15 min by hybridization, without any target amplification or complex enhancement, simply by diluting the sample in a suitable buffer. As a proof of concept, miR-129–5p is selected as possibly correlated with Atrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and its detection is performed in buffer and diluted human serum, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 100 zM. The proposed POCT is characterized via X-ray Photoelectron Spectrocopy (XPS) and microRAMAN, dose-response curves, selectivity tests, and test in real samples. Moreover, the detection of miR-129–5p in ALS serum patients has been compared with qRT-PCR to highlight the impressive performances obtained with the POCT, just diluting the sample, without any additional treatment. These experimental results will open a new class of POCT with ultra-high sensitivity, ultra-high specificity, and ultra-fast response, all exploiting simple equipment and nanoplasmonic biochips. Specifically, considering the advantages of using diluted real samples and the achieved detection range, the proposed sensing approach could be useful for enhancing cancer diagnosis by detecting mature circulating miRNA in various body fluids.

MicroRNAs代表了一类新兴的生物标志物，可以与病理情况相关。通过即时检测（POCT）精确、快速地检测这些生物标志物对于早期疾病识别或医学治疗监测至关重要。在这项工作中，提出了一种超高灵敏度的POCT生物传感策略，该策略基于金覆盖的花粉基纳米结构中的杂化等离子体现象，并结合特定的生物受体层。通过杂交在15分钟内进行miRNA检测，无需任何目标扩增或复杂增强，只需将样品稀释在合适的缓冲液中。作为概念证明，miR-129-5p被选择为可能与萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）相关，并在缓冲液和稀释的人血清中进行检测，检测限（LOD）约为100 zM。通过x射线光电子能谱（XPS）和microroraman，剂量-响应曲线，选择性测试和实际样品测试对所提出的POCT进行了表征。此外，我们还将检测ALS患者血清中的miR-129-5p与qRT-PCR进行了比较，以突出POCT所获得的令人印象深刻的性能，只需稀释样品，无需任何额外处理。这些实验结果将开启一类新的POCT，具有超高灵敏度、超高特异性和超快速响应，所有这些都利用简单的设备和纳米等离子体生物芯片。具体来说，考虑到使用稀释真实样本的优势以及所达到的检测范围，本文提出的传感方法可以通过检测各种体液中的成熟循环miRNA来增强癌症诊断。

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引用次数: 0

Polymer nanofiber-based electrodes for tyrosinase detection in melanoma diagnosis 基于聚合物纳米纤维的酪氨酸酶检测电极在黑色素瘤诊断中的应用

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100416

Nazanin Poursharifi , Dariush Semnani , Hossein Fashandi , Ali A. Ensafi , Alireza Sanati , Onur Parlak

The rising global incidence of melanoma and its high mortality rates due to late diagnosis demand rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Here, we introduce a disposable electrochemical biosensor that exploits the synergistic properties of electrospun polyamide 6 (PA6) and conductive polypyrrole (PPy) nanofibers for detecting tyrosinase (Tyr). The biosensor integrates the high surface area and tunable morphology of PA6 nanofibers (random and aligned) with highly conductive PPy, fabricated via electrospinning, and polymerization onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes to ensure selective Tyr binding. Electrochemical testing in synthetic interstitial fluid (ISF) and human serum reveals a linear response to Tyr (0.1–0.9 mg/mL), with the aligned nanofiber configuration achieving high limits of detection (LOD) of 0.03 mg/mL (ISF) and 0.029 mg/mL (serum), alongside sensitivities of 95.97 and 76.60 μA·mg⁻¹·mL·cm⁻², respectively. The concentration-dependent current response highlights the biosensor’s high sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility, proving its potential for non-invasive, early-stage melanoma detection in complex biological environments. This work paves the way for scalable, cost-effective melanoma screening, with future studies aimed at clinical validation and integration into point-of-care devices to improve patient outcomes globally.

全球黑色素瘤发病率的上升及其因诊断晚而导致的高死亡率需要快速、敏感和非侵入性的诊断工具。在这里，我们介绍了一种利用静电纺聚酰胺6 （PA6）和导电聚吡咯（PPy）纳米纤维的协同特性来检测酪氨酸酶（Tyr）的一次性电化学生物传感器。该生物传感器将PA6纳米纤维（随机排列）的高表面积和可调形态与高导电性的聚吡啶（PPy）结合在一起，通过静电纺丝和聚合在氧化铟锡（ITO）电极上，以确保选择性地结合Tyr。在合成间质液（ISF）和人血清中的电化学测试显示，Tyr对0.1-0.9 mg/mL呈线性反应，排列的纳米纤维结构的高检出限（LOD）分别为0.03 mg/mL （ISF）和0.029 mg/mL（血清），灵敏度分别为95.97和76.60 μA·mg·mg⁻¹·mL·cm⁻²。浓度依赖性电流响应突出了生物传感器的高灵敏度、稳定性和生物相容性，证明了其在复杂生物环境中非侵入性、早期黑色素瘤检测的潜力。这项工作为可扩展的、具有成本效益的黑色素瘤筛查铺平了道路，未来的研究旨在临床验证和整合到护理点设备中，以改善全球患者的预后。

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引用次数: 0

Genosensors as a powerful and next generation diagnostic approach of bacterial infections: From the current methods and their challenges to clinical application of genosensors 基因传感器作为下一代细菌感染的强大诊断手段：从目前的方法及其挑战到基因传感器的临床应用

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100415

Mehdi Bakht , Saeideh Gholamzadeh Khoei , Nima Aria , Sara Rahimi , Hamid Sadeghi , Samira Sabzi , Abouzar Babaei

Rapid and highly specific detection of bacterial pathogens remains a major challenge in clinical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. While conventional culture and PCR-based assays provide reliable results, their reliance on laboratory infrastructure and long processing times limits their applicability for point of care testing. Genosensors biosensing platforms that detect bacterial nucleic acids through controlled probe immobilization and hybridization offer a promising alternative. This review critically examines recent advances in biorecognition elements (ssDNA, PNA, LNA), probe immobilization chemistries (thiol-gold SAMs, EDC/NHS coupling, click based strategies, and affinity systems), and diverse transduction formats including electrochemical, optical, and emerging hybrid approaches. Key developments enabling enhanced sensitivity, reduced nonspecific interactions, and improved performance in complex matrices are highlighted. Unlike previous pathogen by pathogen descriptive surveys, this review provides a comparative, mechanism focused analysis that identifies the strengths and limitations of each sensing strategy. Major translational barriers including surface fouling, limited reproducibility, lack of standardized fabrication workflows, and insufficient preclinical validation are discussed alongside emerging solutions such as antifouling coatings, microfluidic preprocessing, and standardized probe-surface assemblies. Overall, genosensors are positioned to evolve from laboratory scale prototypes into clinically relevant, multiplexed diagnostic tools. Continued progress toward robust sample-to-answer integration, regulatory-aligned validation, and scalable manufacturing will be essential for their widespread deployment in real world applications.

快速和高度特异性的细菌性病原体检测仍然是临床诊断、食品安全和环境监测的主要挑战。虽然传统的培养和基于pcr的检测方法提供了可靠的结果，但它们对实验室基础设施的依赖和较长的处理时间限制了它们在护理点检测中的适用性。通过控制探针固定和杂交来检测细菌核酸的基因传感器生物传感平台提供了一个有前途的选择。本文综述了生物识别元件（ssDNA， PNA， LNA），探针固定化化学（硫金SAMs， EDC/NHS耦合，基于点击的策略和亲和系统）以及各种转导格式（包括电化学，光学和新兴混合方法）的最新进展。重点介绍了在复杂矩阵中增强灵敏度、减少非特异性相互作用和改进性能的关键进展。与以往的病原体描述性调查不同，本综述提供了一种比较的、以机制为重点的分析，确定了每种感知策略的优势和局限性。主要的转化障碍包括表面污染、有限的可重复性、缺乏标准化的制造工作流程和临床前验证不足，以及新兴的解决方案，如防污涂层、微流体预处理和标准化探针表面组件。总的来说，基因传感器的定位是从实验室规模的原型发展到临床相关的多路诊断工具。继续朝着强大的样本到答案集成、符合法规的验证和可扩展制造的方向发展，将是它们在现实世界应用中广泛部署的必要条件。

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