Sensors and Actuators Reports最新文献_第5页

Inhibitive colorimetric detection of malathion using acetylcholinesterase and copper nanoparticles embedded in an agar film 用乙酰胆碱酯酶和铜纳米颗粒包埋在琼脂膜上的抑制比色法检测马拉硫磷

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100402

Hajar Shekarchizadeh, Zahra Teymouri

Malathion, a widely used organophosphate (OP) pesticide, poses serious health risks due to its neurotoxic effects, highlighting the urgent need for rapid and reliable detection in agricultural products. In this study, a simple, low-cost, and portable colorimetric indicator was developed by incorporating copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and acetylthiocholine iodide (ATChI) within an agar matrix. The sensing mechanism is based on the inhibition of AChE by malathion, which suppresses thiocholine generation and prevents CuNP aggregation, thereby inhibiting the expected color change of the film. The system exhibited optimal activity at pH 7.0 using 400 mU/mL AChE and 120 µM ATChI. TEM and FE-SEM analyses revealed dense CuNP aggregation in the absence of malathion, while UV–Vis spectra showed a red shift in the LSPR peak (from 228 to 259 nm) accompanied by reduced absorbance intensity, both consistent with AChE inhibition. FTIR spectra confirmed pesticide interaction through a characteristic P=O stretching band. The solution-based assay achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.013 ppm, whereas the film-based colorimetric sensor exhibited a slightly higher LOD of 0.027 ppm, attributed to diffusion limitations within the agar matrix compared with the homogeneous solution phase. Interestingly, a similar concentration-dependent behavior was observed for both systems, where enzyme inhibition dominated at low malathion levels (≤0.1 ppm), while direct CuNP–pesticide interactions prevailed at higher concentrations. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity toward malathion over other pesticides and maintained stability for up to 20 days. When applied to real samples (lettuce, cucumber, and strawberry), recoveries ranged from 85.8 % to 104.3 %. Owing to its high sensitivity, stability, and instrument-free operation, the developed indicator provides a promising platform for on-site and real-time monitoring of OP residues in food and environmental samples.

马拉硫磷是一种广泛使用的有机磷农药，由于其神经毒性作用而造成严重的健康风险，因此迫切需要在农产品中进行快速可靠的检测。在这项研究中，通过在琼脂基质中加入铜纳米颗粒（CuNPs）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和乙酰硫代碘化胆碱（ATChI），开发了一种简单、低成本、便携式的比色指示剂。其传感机制是基于马拉硫磷对AChE的抑制作用，抑制了硫胆碱的生成，阻止了CuNP的聚集，从而抑制了薄膜预期的颜色变化。在pH 7.0时，使用400 mU/mL AChE和120µM ATChI，该体系具有最佳活性。TEM和FE-SEM分析显示，在没有马拉硫磷的情况下，CuNP密集聚集，而紫外-可见光谱显示LSPR峰的红移（从228到259 nm）伴随着吸收强度的降低，这与AChE抑制一致。FTIR光谱通过特征P=O拉伸带证实了农药相互作用。基于溶液的检测达到了0.013 ppm的检测限（LOD），而基于薄膜的比色传感器显示出略高的LOD，为0.027 ppm，这是由于琼脂基质中与均匀溶液相相比的扩散限制。有趣的是，在两种系统中都观察到类似的浓度依赖行为，在低马拉硫磷水平（≤0.1 ppm）时酶抑制占主导地位，而在高浓度时直接与农药相互作用占主导地位。该传感器对马拉硫磷的选择性优于其他农药，稳定性可达20天。当应用于实际样品（生菜、黄瓜和草莓）时，回收率为85.8% ~ 104.3%。该指标具有灵敏度高、稳定性好、无需仪器操作等优点，为现场实时监测食品和环境样品中OP残留提供了一个很有前景的平台。

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引用次数: 0

SERS detection of antibiotics using dual plasmonic and charge transfer enhancement mechanism of Ag@MoS2 core-shell nanocomposites 利用Ag@MoS2核-壳纳米复合材料的双等离子体和电荷转移增强机制进行抗生素SERS检测

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100400

Raheel Ahmed Janjua , Chenyu Guo , Nayyar Abbas shah , Ruili Zhang , Sailing He

The increasing global threat of antibiotic resistance highlights the need for rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive detection methods in biological and environmental samples. In this study, we synthesized Ag@MoS₂ core-shell nanoparticles and evaluated their performance as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in detecting antibiotics at trace levels. The Ag@MoS₂ nanocomposites demonstrated significant Raman signal enhancement due to the synergistic effects of the plasmonic properties of silver and chemical enhancement via charge transfer from the MoS₂ shell. Using Rhodamine 6 G as a model molecule, we achieved an impressive detection limit of 10⁻¹⁰ M under both 532 nm and 785 nm excitation, with the latter offering enhanced sensitivity for biological applications. The Ag@MoS₂ core-shell nanocomposites demonstrated a threefold increase in SERS enhancement compared to silver nanoparticles, highlighting their superior performance in amplifying the Raman signal. Additionally, the ability of Ag@MoS₂ to detect antibiotics, specifically Levofloxacin and Tetracycline, at concentrations as low as 10⁻¹⁰ M under 785 nm excitation was demonstrated (surpassing existing SERS-based sensors reported experimentally). The results highlight the excellent sensitivity and potential of Ag@MoS₂ as a powerful platform for SERS-based antibiotic detection. This offers significant promise for environmental monitoring, clinical diagnostics, and combating the growing issue of antibiotic resistance.

抗生素耐药性的全球威胁日益增加，这凸显了对生物和环境样本快速、敏感和非侵入性检测方法的需求。在这项研究中，我们合成了Ag@MoS₂核壳纳米颗粒，并评估了它们作为表面增强拉曼光谱检测微量抗生素的底物的性能。Ag@MoS₂纳米复合材料表现出显著的拉曼信号增强，这是由于银的等离子体性质和MoS₂壳层电荷转移的化学增强的协同效应。使用罗丹明6g作为模型分子，我们在532 nm和785 nm激发下实现了10⁻¹⁰M的检测极限，后者为生物应用提供了更高的灵敏度。与银纳米粒子相比，Ag@MoS₂核壳纳米复合材料的SERS增强效果增加了三倍，突出了其在放大拉曼信号方面的优越性能。此外，Ag@MoS₂在785 nm激发下检测低至10⁻¹⁰M浓度的抗生素，特别是左氧氟沙星和四环素的能力被证明（超过现有的基于sers的传感器实验报告）。结果突出了Ag@MoS₂作为基于sers的抗生素检测的强大平台的出色灵敏度和潜力。这为环境监测、临床诊断和应对日益严重的抗生素耐药性问题提供了重大希望。

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引用次数: 0

Photo-induced chemiresistive sensor for lactate and glucose monitoring 用于乳酸和葡萄糖监测的光致化学电阻传感器

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100401

Nastaran Taleghani, Farbod Aleaziz, Fariborz Taghipour

Biosensors provide essential information on the health condition and performance of the body by identifying the concentration of specific biomarkers. Photoelectrochemical biosensors operate based on the principle of separation of excitation and detection sources, leading to advantages such as a very low detection limit. Here, a novel photo-induced chemiresistive biosensor is introduced that addresses the key challenges of existing biosensors and provides favorable analytical performance. A highly sensitive and selective ultraviolet (UV)-induced zinc-oxide (ZnO) nanorod/lactate oxidase chemiresistive biosensor for lactate monitoring in sweat was designed. The sensor exhibited excellent lactate monitoring capability. Further, the biosensor showed superb selectivity with responses of 1 % or less when exposed to interfering molecules, indicating its potential for analyzing the target biomarker in biological samples. Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited high reproducibility with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of <2 % and long-term storage stability, highlighting its potential for practical purposes. To further demonstrate the application of this platform for the detection of other biomarkers, a UV-induced ZnO nanorod/glucose oxidase chemiresistive biosensor was developed for glucose monitoring. The overall results indicated the potential of this transduction platform as a promising technique with excellent analytical performance for detecting different biomarkers in biological fluids for practical applications.

生物传感器通过识别特定生物标志物的浓度，提供有关身体健康状况和性能的基本信息。光电化学生物传感器基于激励源和检测源分离的原理工作，具有检测限极低等优点。本文介绍了一种新型光致化学阻性生物传感器，该传感器解决了现有生物传感器的主要挑战，并提供了良好的分析性能。设计了一种高灵敏度、高选择性紫外诱导氧化锌纳米棒/乳酸氧化酶耐化学生物传感器，用于汗液中乳酸监测。该传感器具有良好的乳酸监测能力。此外，当暴露于干扰分子时，该生物传感器显示出极好的选择性，响应率为1%或更低，表明其在分析生物样品中的目标生物标志物方面具有潜力。此外，该生物传感器具有较高的重复性，相对标准偏差（RSD）为<； 2%，并且长期储存稳定，突出了其实际用途的潜力。为了进一步证明该平台在其他生物标志物检测中的应用，我们开发了一种用于葡萄糖监测的紫外诱导氧化锌纳米棒/葡萄糖氧化酶化学抗性生物传感器。总体结果表明，该转导平台作为一种有前途的技术，具有良好的分析性能，可用于检测生物流体中的不同生物标志物。

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引用次数: 0

Fluorescent carbon quantum dot–based μPAD for the sensitive and selective detection of magnesium ions in human serum 荧光碳量子点μPAD灵敏选择性检测人血清中镁离子

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100399

Nikhil T Madhu , Alageswari D , Anjusha P Menon , Abhishek Pathak , Aarathi Pradeep , Bipin G Nair , PV Suneesh , TG Satheesh Babu

Accurate determination of magnesium ions in the blood is crucial due to their association with various disease conditions, including osteoporosis, nerve disorders, cardiovascular issues, and impaired kidney function. In this work, we developed a carbon quantum dot (CQDs) based fluorometric paper analytical device (PAD) for detecting magnesium ions in human blood serum. The fluorescent CQDs were synthesized using a simple microwave-assisted method. The addition of 8-hydroxyquinoline quenches the fluorescence of the CQDs, which is regained in the presence of magnesium ions. This OFF-ON mechanism was utilized for the sensitive and selective detection of magnesium ions on the PAD. In order to deploy the PAD for testing human blood samples, a calibration plot was generated from the fluorescent intensity obtained using serum samples spiked with magnesium ions. It exhibited two linear ranges of detection with a detection limit of 3.9 µM and a limit of quantification of 13 µM. The PAD showed sensitivities of 25.93 a.u/mM and 48.52 a.u/mM for the magnesium concentration ranges from 0.76 – 1.26 mM and 1.76 – 10.76 mM, respectively. The PAD was tested and validated using volunteer blood serum samples, showing good accuracy with a relative error of <5 % from the clinical lab results. This innovative CQDs-based PAD presents a promising and practical tool for reliable and efficient magnesium ion detection in human serum, offering potential applications in healthcare and clinical diagnostics.

血液中镁离子的准确测定是至关重要的，因为它们与各种疾病有关，包括骨质疏松症、神经紊乱、心血管问题和肾功能受损。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种基于碳量子点（CQDs）的荧光纸分析装置（PAD），用于检测人血清中的镁离子。采用简单的微波辅助法合成了荧光CQDs。8-羟基喹啉的加入使CQDs的荧光猝灭，而在镁离子的存在下，CQDs的荧光又恢复了。利用这种OFF-ON机制对PAD上的镁离子进行了灵敏和选择性的检测。为了部署PAD用于检测人类血液样本，使用添加了镁离子的血清样本获得的荧光强度生成了校准图。它具有两个线性检测范围，检测限为3.9µM，定量限为13µM。PAD对镁浓度范围为0.76 ~ 1.26 mM和1.76 ~ 10.76 mM的灵敏度分别为25.93和48.52 a.u/mM。使用志愿者血清样本对PAD进行测试和验证，显示出良好的准确性，与临床实验室结果的相对误差为<； 5%。这种创新的基于cqds的PAD提供了一种可靠、高效的人类血清镁离子检测工具，在医疗保健和临床诊断中具有潜在的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Colorimetric enhancement of mixed metal nanoparticle based multicolor and multiplex lateral flow immunoassay for analysis of two epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins 基于混合金属纳米颗粒的多色和多重侧流免疫分析法的比色增强分析两种上皮-间充质过渡相关蛋白

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100398

Yaoyang Gu , Xin Meng , Fuming Zhao , Chenglin Li , Yuejun Sun

E-cadherin (E-cad) and N-cadherin (N-cad), core members of the cadherin superfamily, are the two most critical biomarkers in the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The simultaneous detection of these two proteins will play an indispensable role in predicting and monitoring the occurrence and development of tumors. In this work, a multiplex lateral flow immunoassay (mLFIA) based on multicolor mixing effect was creatively developed and applied to the colorimetric sensing of E-cad and N-cad. To achieve this goal, three nanoparticles of Au, core-shell Au@Ag and hollow Au/Ag with characteristic colors of magenta, yellow and cyan were firstly synthesized and denoted as M-AuNPs, Y-Au@Ag NPs and C-hollow Au/Ag NPs, respectively. Then physical mixing between every two kind NPs was attempted and experimental results demonstrated that M-AuNPs + Y-Au@Ag NPs and M-AuNPs + C-hollow Au/Ag NPs combinations (with final colors of reddish and navy blue) showed stronger plasma coupling effect, thereby obtaining two signal probes for E-cad and N-cad with enhanced colorimetric on the mLFIA strips. Such an approach enabled simultaneous, specific and sensitive quantification of E-cad and N-cad with neglectable cross-interference. Under optimal conditions, the developed mLFIA strip demonstrated limits of detection (LOD) of 24.7 pg mL^-1 for E-cad and 34.7 pg mL^-1 for N-cad. As a proof of concept, this detection platform can be expected to provide important technical support for the occurrence and tracking of tumor EMT process.

E-cadherin （E-cad）和N-cadherin （N-cad）是钙粘蛋白超家族的核心成员，是上皮-间质转化（EMT）过程中最关键的两个生物标志物。这两种蛋白的同时检测将对预测和监测肿瘤的发生发展起到不可或缺的作用。本研究创造性地开发了一种基于多色混合效应的多重侧流免疫分析法（mLFIA），并将其应用于E-cad和N-cad的比色检测。为了实现这一目标，首先合成了三种特征颜色为品红、黄色和青色的Au、核壳Au@Ag和空心Au/Ag纳米粒子，分别命名为M-AuNPs、Y-Au@Ag NPs和c -空心Au/Ag NPs。然后尝试两种NPs之间的物理混合，实验结果表明M-AuNPs + Y-Au@Ag NPs和M-AuNPs + c -空心Au/Ag NPs组合（最终颜色为红色和藏青色）表现出更强的等离子体耦合效应，从而在mLFIA试纸上获得了两种具有增强比色的E-cad和N-cad信号探针。这种方法能够同时、特异、灵敏地定量E-cad和N-cad，交叉干扰可忽略不计。在最佳条件下，所建立的mLFIA试纸条对E-cad的检出限为24.7 pg mL-1，对N-cad的检出限为34.7 pg mL-1。作为概念验证，该检测平台有望为肿瘤EMT过程的发生和跟踪提供重要的技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Water-dispersible, electrically recyclable cellulose paper for versatile surface applications 水分散，电可回收的纤维素纸，用于多种表面应用

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100397

Jeong Woo Chae , Wooseok Kim , Gooyoon Chung , Gyuri Shin , Xinge Yu , Geumbee Lee , Joohoon Kang , Yoonseok Park , Sang Min Won

Green electronics are emerging as a prominent and environmentally responsible technology in response to the growing concern over electronic waste. This study introduces water dispersible and electrically recyclable functional paper for flexible electrodes and sensing materials, with the ability to conformally laminate onto dynamic surfaces. The conductive paper is formed by coating pulp fibers with conductive composites comprising sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and carbon black particles. Such functional paper enables conformal contact with curved and/or rough surfaces through a water spray application followed by a drying process, ensuring reliable performance across diverse surface geometries. When used in a parallel-plate capacitor, these electrodes enable keypad functionality on rough rock surfaces. The addition of hydrophobic encapsulation enhances the paper's usability in aqueous environments, allowing for a controllable operational period. Conversely, electrodes without hydrophobic encapsulation serve effectively as humidity sensors, demonstrating sensitivity to respiration and ambient humidity changes.

随着人们对电子垃圾的日益关注，绿色电子技术正成为一种突出的、对环境负责的技术。本研究介绍了用于柔性电极和传感材料的水分散和电可回收功能纸，具有在动态表面上共形层压的能力。导电纸是用含有羧甲基纤维素钠和炭黑颗粒的导电复合材料涂覆纸浆纤维形成的。这种功能纸可以通过喷水和干燥过程与弯曲和/或粗糙表面进行保形接触，确保在不同的表面几何形状上具有可靠的性能。当在并联板电容器中使用时，这些电极可以在粗糙的岩石表面上实现键盘功能。疏水封装的添加增强了纸张在水环境中的可用性，允许可控的操作周期。相反，没有疏水封装的电极有效地作为湿度传感器，表现出对呼吸和环境湿度变化的敏感性。

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of oxygen tension variation in an in vitro tumor microenvironment model based on co-culture of tumor spheroid and endothelial cells in a microfluidic device 基于肿瘤球体细胞和内皮细胞在微流控装置中共培养的体外肿瘤微环境模型中氧张力变化的定量

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100396

Kuang-Hsing Chiang , Wei-Jen Chang , Yuan-Hsuan Liu , Hsin-Lei Lin , Chih-Ting Lin , Tzyy-Wen Chiou , Hsiao-Mei Wu , Yi-Chung Tung

In this study, we developed an in vitro tumor microenvironment model that integrates a tumor spheroid and a monolayer of endothelial cells within a microfluidic device, aiming to replicate the complex conditions of an avascular solid tumor with limited oxygen supply. The tumor spheroid is cultured in a gas-impermeable plastic chamber, which effectively simulates the limited oxygen supply environment of solid tumors, thereby providing a realistic platform for studying tumor behavior and interactions with surrounding cells. To characterize the three-dimensional spatial oxygen tension profiles, we utilized oxygen-sensing microbeads with widefield frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FD-FLIM). The FD-FLIM setup ensures minimal excitation light dosage to reduce photocytotoxicity while providing capabilities for reliable three-dimensional oxygen tension measurements for an extended period. The experimental results show that the oxygen tensions were lowered to approximately 6% in the neighborhood of a colon cancer cell line (HCT116) tumor spheroid. Interestingly, when the tumor spheroid is co-cultured with a monolayer of endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cell, HUVEC), the lowering of oxygen tension can be alleviated. Our findings highlight the significant interactions between the tumor spheroid and endothelial cells, emphasizing the crucial role of the endothelium in regulating oxygen microenvironments and influencing angiogenesis. Furthermore, the model provides a valuable tool for exploring the dynamics of tumor biology. This capability is particularly beneficial for drug development and preclinical validation, as it allows for the observation of interactions among different cell types and the assessment of stimulations or environmental factors.

在这项研究中，我们开发了一种体外肿瘤微环境模型，该模型将肿瘤球体和单层内皮细胞整合在微流控装置中，旨在复制缺氧供应的无血管实体肿瘤的复杂条件。肿瘤球体在不透气的塑料腔中培养，有效地模拟了实体肿瘤的有限供氧环境，从而为研究肿瘤行为和与周围细胞的相互作用提供了一个现实的平台。为了表征三维空间氧张力分布，我们利用氧传感微珠与宽场频域荧光寿命成像显微镜（FD-FLIM）。FD-FLIM装置确保最小的激发光剂量，以减少光细胞毒性，同时提供长时间可靠的三维氧张力测量能力。实验结果表明，在结肠癌细胞系（HCT116）肿瘤球体附近，氧张力降低到约6%。有趣的是，当肿瘤球体与单层内皮细胞（人脐静脉内皮细胞，HUVEC）共培养时，氧张力的降低可以减轻。我们的研究结果强调了肿瘤球体和内皮细胞之间的重要相互作用，强调了内皮细胞在调节氧微环境和影响血管生成中的关键作用。此外，该模型为探索肿瘤生物学动力学提供了一个有价值的工具。这种能力对药物开发和临床前验证特别有益，因为它允许观察不同细胞类型之间的相互作用以及评估刺激或环境因素。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemiluminescent magnetic biosensor for simultaneous microRNA and parathyroid hormone detection via resonance energy transfer 通过共振能量转移同时检测微rna和甲状旁腺激素的电化学发光磁性生物传感器

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100395

Muhammad Faizan , Punklahan Nutthawadee , Chi-Hsien Liu , Pravanjan Malla , Wei-Chi Wu , Paiboon Sreearunothai , Yen-Han Lin

Thyroid-related malignancies often involve both oncogenic alterations and endocrine imbalance, necessitating integrated biomarker monitoring. In this work, we report an electrochemiluminescent (ECL) magnetic biosensor for the simultaneous detection of microRNA (miR) and parathyroid hormone (PTH), two clinically relevant indicators of thyroid cancer and parathyroid dysfunction. The sensing platform leverages luminol as an ECL donor and organic dyes as energy acceptors within a chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET) framework, enabling excitation-free signal generation with low background interference. Surface-modified magnetic nanoparticles serve as dual-function carriers, facilitating efficient magnetic enrichment and high-affinity target recognition. The system achieves sensitive and specific dual-analyte detection in a single assay with broad linear ranges and rapid turnaround. Limits of detection in human serum were 0.38 fM for miR-222 and 0.22 pg/mL for PTH. This CRET-ECL magnetic biosensor offers a rapid, sensitive, and minimally invasive approach for point-of-care evaluation of thyroid malignancy and associated endocrine disorders.

甲状腺相关的恶性肿瘤通常包括致癌改变和内分泌失衡，需要综合生物标志物监测。在这项工作中，我们报道了一种电化学发光（ECL）磁性生物传感器，用于同时检测微rna （miR）和甲状旁腺激素（PTH），这是甲状腺癌和甲状旁腺功能障碍的两个临床相关指标。传感平台利用发光氨作为ECL供体，有机染料作为化学发光共振能量转移（CRET）框架内的能量受体，实现无激励信号的低背景干扰产生。表面修饰的磁性纳米颗粒作为双重功能载体，促进了高效的磁性富集和高亲和力的目标识别。该系统在单次分析中实现敏感和特异的双分析物检测，具有宽线性范围和快速周转。人血清中miR-222的检测限为0.38 fM， PTH的检测限为0.22 pg/mL。这种CRET-ECL磁性生物传感器提供了一种快速、敏感和微创的方法，用于甲状腺恶性肿瘤和相关内分泌疾病的即时评估。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of nanozyme construction strategies and their applications in environmental analysis 综述了纳米酶构建策略及其在环境分析中的应用

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100394

Samar H. Elagamy , Reem H. Obaydo , Abdulsalam Ashkar , Hayam M. Lotfy

Nanozymes NZs have gained increasing attention in environmental analysis due to their robust performance, cost-effectiveness, and resistance to harsh conditions compared to natural enzymes. Recent developments in nanozyme construction focus not only on enhancing catalytic activity and selectivity but also on adopting greener synthesis approaches such as using plant-based precursors, and low-energy methods in line with the principles of green analytical chemistry GAC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the types of NZs, including metal-based, carbon-based, and hybrid system with nanomaterials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) based systems, as well as molecularly imprinted polymers MIPs. Additionally, it discusses strategies for hybridizing MIPs with MOFs as a powerful approach to engineer advanced NZs with enhanced selectivity, stability, and catalytic activity. The review also covers key aspects of nanozyme development, including the catalytic mechanisms, detection modes, synthetic methods, and green synthesis approaches. The environmental applications of these systems, including pollutant detection and heavy metal ion sensing, are discussed in detail. Finally, current limitations, challenges, and perspectives for the future development of green NZs in real-world environmental monitoring are addressed.

与天然酶相比，纳米酶NZs由于其强大的性能、成本效益和对恶劣条件的抵抗力而在环境分析中受到越来越多的关注。纳米酶构建的最新进展不仅集中在提高催化活性和选择性上，而且还集中在采用更绿色的合成方法，如使用植物为基础的前体，以及符合绿色分析化学GAC原则的低能量方法。本文综述了纳米复合材料的类型，包括金属基、碳基和纳米材料混合体系、金属有机框架（mof）体系以及分子印迹聚合物mip。此外，它还讨论了mof与mip杂交的策略，作为设计具有更高选择性，稳定性和催化活性的高级NZs的有力方法。综述了纳米酶的催化机理、检测方式、合成方法和绿色合成途径等方面的研究进展。详细讨论了这些系统的环境应用，包括污染物检测和重金属离子传感。最后，讨论了绿色NZs在现实环境监测中的局限性、挑战和未来发展前景。

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引用次数: 0

A seed-inspired 3D electroionic flier with obliquely embossed ionic polymer actuators for tunable autorotation and lift 一种受种子启发的三维电子离子飞行器，具有倾斜压纹离子聚合物致动器，可调自旋和升力

IF 7.6 Q1 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Sensors and Actuators Reports

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.snr.2025.100393

Seong-Jun Jo, Chanmin Park, Yunsang Kwak, Jaehwan Kim

In nature, many plants disperse their seeds with simple wing structures that ride the wind, slow descent, and carry propagules farther. These natural flight morphologies offer blueprints for low-mass, passively stable autorotation and lift generation. Despite extensive seed-mimicking efforts based on this inspiration, most research using stimuli-responsive actuators has focused on reproducing simple bending-dominated shapes rather than on the kinematic flight control of seeds, resulting in only a limited mimicry of the aerodynamic flight of seeds. Here we demonstrate a geometry-programmed ionic polymer actuator approach that enables controllable autorotation in three-dimensional electroionic fliers. Embossed Nafion membranes are patterned so that the pitch sets the magnitude of bending bias and the oblique orientation induces twist, resulting in coupled bending-twisting motion. Asymmetry varies non-monotonically with pitch, reaching at maximum at 1.6 mm, arising from the interplay between reduced ion-ion repulsion at the patterned surface and mechanical stiffening from rib-like surface relief. At 1.5 V and 0.1 Hz sinusoidal input, peak displacements reach -2.76/2.04 mm (embossed/smooth), whereas square-wave input increases displacement to -3.71/2.66 mm and raises asymmetry from 0.72 to 1.05 mm. Assembled from these actuators, a 3D electroionic flier emulating the aerodynamic mechanisms of two different wind-dispersed seeds exhibits a descent speed of 2.980 m s⁻¹ in a drop test, the lowest among the tested fliers. These results position geometry-programmable ionic polymer actuation as a scalable pathway to autorotation and lift tuning, which should allow the realization of advanced seed-mimetic deployment systems and soft aerial microrobots.

在自然界中，许多植物通过简单的翅膀结构来传播种子，这种结构可以顺风而行，缓慢下降，并将繁殖体传播得更远。这些自然的飞行形态为低质量、被动稳定的自旋和升力产生提供了蓝图。尽管基于这一灵感进行了大量的种子模拟工作，但大多数使用刺激响应致动器的研究都集中在复制简单的弯曲主导形状，而不是种子的运动学飞行控制，导致对种子气动飞行的模拟有限。在这里，我们展示了一种几何编程的离子聚合物致动器方法，使三维电子离子飞行器的可控自旋成为可能。压花Nafion膜的图案使俯仰设置弯曲偏差的大小，倾斜方向诱导扭曲，导致耦合弯曲-扭转运动。不对称性随螺距非单调变化，在1.6 mm处达到最大值，这是由于图案表面离子-离子斥力的减少和肋状表面浮雕的机械硬化之间的相互作用造成的。在1.5 V和0.1 Hz正弦输入下，峰值位移达到-2.76/2.04 mm（浮雕/光滑），而方波输入将位移增加到-3.71/2.66 mm，并将不对称性从0.72提高到1.05 mm。由这些致动器组装而成的模拟两种不同风散种子气动机理的三维电子离子飞行器，在跌落试验中下降速度为2.980 ms−1，是试验飞行器中最低的。这些结果将几何可编程离子聚合物驱动定位为一种可扩展的自旋和升力调谐途径，这将允许实现先进的模拟种子部署系统和软空中微型机器人。

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