Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3167/CHOC.2019.140103
B. Maslov
Pindaric odes written around the time of the French Revolution have a penchant for abstractions. Apostrophized Liberty, Fortune, Virtue, and Joy, which replaced the monarch as the ode’s addressee, attest to the numinous prehistory of distinctively modern concepts that Reinhart Koselleck termed “collective singulars.” In particular, eighteenth-century Pindarics put forward representations of Liberty prevailing over an unenlightened past, which conform to the schema of victorious encounter established in Pindar’s epinician odes. The article dwells closely on two ostensibly pro-revolutionary and highly influential texts in the Pindaric mold, Alexander Radishchev’s Liberty and Friedrich Schiller’s To Joy, which share a concept of freedom that diverges from both the republican and the liberal interpretations.
{"title":"Republican Liberty and the Pindaric Genealogy of Modern Abstractions","authors":"B. Maslov","doi":"10.3167/CHOC.2019.140103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CHOC.2019.140103","url":null,"abstract":"Pindaric odes written around the time of the French Revolution have a penchant for abstractions. Apostrophized Liberty, Fortune, Virtue, and Joy, which replaced the monarch as the ode’s addressee, attest to the numinous prehistory of distinctively modern concepts that Reinhart Koselleck termed “collective singulars.” In particular, eighteenth-century Pindarics put forward representations of Liberty prevailing over an unenlightened past, which conform to the schema of victorious encounter established in Pindar’s epinician odes. The article dwells closely on two ostensibly pro-revolutionary and highly influential texts in the Pindaric mold, Alexander Radishchev’s Liberty and Friedrich Schiller’s To Joy, which share a concept of freedom that diverges from both the republican and the liberal interpretations.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76379168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3167/CHOC.2019.140102
E. J. Corredera
This article explores David Hume’s views on public credit, the state, and geopolitics as outlined in his Political Discourses. By drawing attention to Hume’s analysis of the speed of political economic dynamics, the article suggests the philosopher feared that public credit, a crucial source of eighteenth-century European economic growth, fundamentally revolutionized the pace of social relations, the mechanics of the state, and European geopolitics at large. Hume’s study of public credit highlighted its role in reshaping eighteenth-century visions of time, and the philosopher’s disappointment with his own solution, in turn, reinforces the need to consider the multifaceted effects of public credit in the modern world.
{"title":"“Amazing Rapidity”","authors":"E. J. Corredera","doi":"10.3167/CHOC.2019.140102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CHOC.2019.140102","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores David Hume’s views on public credit, the state, and geopolitics as outlined in his Political Discourses. By drawing attention to Hume’s analysis of the speed of political economic dynamics, the article suggests the philosopher feared that public credit, a crucial source of eighteenth-century European economic growth, fundamentally revolutionized the pace of social relations, the mechanics of the state, and European geopolitics at large. Hume’s study of public credit highlighted its role in reshaping eighteenth-century visions of time, and the philosopher’s disappointment with his own solution, in turn, reinforces the need to consider the multifaceted effects of public credit in the modern world.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84618888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3167/CHOC.2019.140105
A. Topal, Einar Wigen
In this article, we discuss the pitfalls and benefits of conceptual history as an approach to Ottoman studies. While Ottoman studies is blossoming and using a wider set of tools to study the Ottoman past, Ottoman intellectual history is still resigned to a life-and-works approach. Th is absence of synthesizing attempts has left intellectual history in the margins. In addition to the lack of new, theoretically sophisticated accounts of how Ottoman intellectual and political changes were intertwined, the old Orientalist works still hold canonical status in the field. Drawing on recent developments in social and political history, conceptual history may be a good way of doing self-reflective longue durée intellectual history. Ottoman conceptual history may also off er nonspecialists more sophisticated bases for comparison with non-Ottoman cases.
{"title":"Ottoman Conceptual History","authors":"A. Topal, Einar Wigen","doi":"10.3167/CHOC.2019.140105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CHOC.2019.140105","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we discuss the pitfalls and benefits of conceptual history as an approach to Ottoman studies. While Ottoman studies is blossoming and using a wider set of tools to study the Ottoman past, Ottoman intellectual history is still resigned to a life-and-works approach. Th is absence of synthesizing attempts has left intellectual history in the margins. In addition to the lack of new, theoretically sophisticated accounts of how Ottoman intellectual\u0000and political changes were intertwined, the old Orientalist works\u0000still hold canonical status in the field. Drawing on recent developments in social and political history, conceptual history may be a good way of doing self-reflective longue durée intellectual history. Ottoman conceptual history may also off er nonspecialists more sophisticated bases for comparison with non-Ottoman cases.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83714179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3167/CHOC.2019.140107
H. Bonin
Pasi Ihalainen, The Springs of Democracy: National and Transnational Debates on Constitutional Reform in the British, German, Swedish and Finnish Parliaments, 1917–1919 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2017), 586 pp.
{"title":"One Swallow Does Not a Spring Make","authors":"H. Bonin","doi":"10.3167/CHOC.2019.140107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CHOC.2019.140107","url":null,"abstract":"Pasi Ihalainen, The Springs of Democracy: National and Transnational Debates on Constitutional Reform in the British, German, Swedish and Finnish Parliaments, 1917–1919 (Helsinki: Finnish Literature Society, 2017), 586 pp.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76368459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.3167/CHOC.2019.140106
Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus, Katja Mäkinen
Th is article investigates the genealogy of the concept of heritage in the European Commission’s (EC) policy discourse from 1973 to 2016. Based on conceptual analysis of 2,412 documents gathered from the EUR-Lex database, the uses of the concept in the EC’s policy discourse were categorized into seven thematic areas: nature, environment, and biodiversity; human habitats; economy and employment; agricultural products and foodstuffs; promotion of societal development and stability; audiovisuality and digitalization; and European identity and integration. In the EC’s discourse, heritage develops in the context of intertwined phases of EU integration and cultural Europeanization. The study indicates how the EC governs heritage mostly through implicit cultural policies included in diverse policy sectors other than culture.
{"title":"Genealogy of the Concept of Heritage in the European Commission’s Policy Discourse","authors":"Tuuli Lähdesmäki, Sigrid Kaasik-Krogerus, Katja Mäkinen","doi":"10.3167/CHOC.2019.140106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CHOC.2019.140106","url":null,"abstract":"Th is article investigates the genealogy of the concept of heritage in the European Commission’s (EC) policy discourse from 1973 to 2016. Based on conceptual analysis of 2,412 documents gathered from the EUR-Lex database, the uses of the concept in the EC’s policy discourse were categorized into seven thematic areas: nature, environment, and biodiversity; human habitats; economy and employment; agricultural products and foodstuffs; promotion of societal development and stability; audiovisuality and digitalization; and European identity and integration. In the EC’s discourse, heritage develops in the context of intertwined phases of EU integration and cultural Europeanization. The study indicates how the EC governs heritage mostly through implicit cultural policies included in diverse policy sectors other than culture.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90896574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3167/choc.2018.130202
Antero Holmila, P. Ihalainen
The carnage of World War I gave rise to liberal visions for a new world order with democratized foreign policy and informed international public opinion. Conservatives emphasized continuity in national sovereignty, while socialists focused on the interests of the working class. While British diplomacy in the construction of the League of Nations has been widely discussed, we focus on contemporary uses of nationalism and internationalism in parliamentary and press debates that are more ideological. We also examine how failed internationalist visions influenced uses of these concepts during World War II, supporting alternative organizational solutions, caution with the rhetoric of democracy and public opinion, and ways to reconcile national sovereignty with a new world organization. The United Nations was to guarantee the interests of the leading powers (including the United States), while associations with breakthroughs of democracy were avoided. Nationalism (patriotism) and internationalism were reconciled with less idealism and more pragmatism.
{"title":"Nationalism and Internationalism Reconciled","authors":"Antero Holmila, P. Ihalainen","doi":"10.3167/choc.2018.130202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/choc.2018.130202","url":null,"abstract":"The carnage of World War I gave rise to liberal visions for a new world\u0000order with democratized foreign policy and informed international public\u0000opinion. Conservatives emphasized continuity in national sovereignty,\u0000while socialists focused on the interests of the working class. While British\u0000diplomacy in the construction of the League of Nations has been widely\u0000discussed, we focus on contemporary uses of nationalism and internationalism\u0000in parliamentary and press debates that are more ideological. We also\u0000examine how failed internationalist visions influenced uses of these concepts\u0000during World War II, supporting alternative organizational solutions,\u0000caution with the rhetoric of democracy and public opinion, and ways to\u0000reconcile national sovereignty with a new world organization. The United\u0000Nations was to guarantee the interests of the leading powers (including the\u0000United States), while associations with breakthroughs of democracy were\u0000avoided. Nationalism (patriotism) and internationalism were reconciled\u0000with less idealism and more pragmatism.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74283368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3167/CHOC.2018.130204
Blake Ewing
Political theorists, especially in the subfield of ideology studies, continue to draw insights from Begriffsgeschichte (conceptual history) to help them better analyze the morphology of political concepts over time. However, other aspects of Reinhart Koselleck’s work remain underutilized. This is especially true of the connections between Begriffsgeschichte and his development of a theory of history (Historik), dealing with the broader intersection of language, structure, and the experience of time. This article focuses on just one aspect of this intersection: on the potential relevance of Koselleck’s use of the concept of horizon to theorize a particular “horizonal mode” of the politics of time. After discussing some relevant features of the horizon metaphor, the article moves to reappraise Koselleck’s use of the concept before elaborating and expanding on it to claim that Koselleck helps to showcase the contestation of different temporal horizons as a core feature of political thinking.
{"title":"Koselleck’s Historik and the Horizons of Politics","authors":"Blake Ewing","doi":"10.3167/CHOC.2018.130204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CHOC.2018.130204","url":null,"abstract":"Political theorists, especially in the subfield of ideology studies, continue\u0000to draw insights from Begriffsgeschichte (conceptual history) to help them\u0000better analyze the morphology of political concepts over time. However,\u0000other aspects of Reinhart Koselleck’s work remain underutilized. This is\u0000especially true of the connections between Begriffsgeschichte and his development\u0000of a theory of history (Historik), dealing with the broader intersection\u0000of language, structure, and the experience of time. This article\u0000focuses on just one aspect of this intersection: on the potential relevance\u0000of Koselleck’s use of the concept of horizon to theorize a particular “horizonal\u0000mode” of the politics of time. After discussing some relevant features\u0000of the horizon metaphor, the article moves to reappraise Koselleck’s use of\u0000the concept before elaborating and expanding on it to claim that Koselleck\u0000helps to showcase the contestation of different temporal horizons as a core\u0000feature of political thinking.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81761662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3167/choc.2018.130203
Teemu J. Häkkinen, Miina Kaarkoski
It is not a coincidence that perceptions of sovereignty were key reasons why the United Kingdom referendum on European Union membership ended in a victory for the Leave side. In this article, we will apply methods of conceptual history to parliamentary debates in order to trace the development of sovereignty as a political concept in Europe-related debates through studies of four periods between 1945 and 2016. We will show that both supporters and opponents of European unity deliberately used the British position on sovereignty in political struggles throughout the analyzed period. The concept was used above all to describe the traditional view of the supremacy of British parliamentary sovereignty, but it was also used for different purposes to create a perception of how sovereignty could or could not be modified in dealing with an integrating Europe.
{"title":"Sovereignty versus Influence","authors":"Teemu J. Häkkinen, Miina Kaarkoski","doi":"10.3167/choc.2018.130203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/choc.2018.130203","url":null,"abstract":"It is not a coincidence that perceptions of sovereignty were key reasons\u0000why the United Kingdom referendum on European Union membership\u0000ended in a victory for the Leave side. In this article, we will apply methods\u0000of conceptual history to parliamentary debates in order to trace the development\u0000of sovereignty as a political concept in Europe-related debates\u0000through studies of four periods between 1945 and 2016. We will show that\u0000both supporters and opponents of European unity deliberately used the\u0000British position on sovereignty in political struggles throughout the analyzed\u0000period. The concept was used above all to describe the traditional\u0000view of the supremacy of British parliamentary sovereignty, but it was also\u0000used for different purposes to create a perception of how sovereignty could\u0000or could not be modified in dealing with an integrating Europe.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85189831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3167/choc.2018.130205
Hizky Shoham
This article aims to form a conversation between conceptual history and anthropological history, taking bat mitzvah, the coming-of-age ceremony for Jewish girls, as a test case. The term is shown to have two main conceptual meanings: first, the new religious status that a Jewish girl acquires—that of an adult obligated by the precepts of Jewish law—and second, the event or ritual marking this milestone. The close examination of the concept’s various meanings in different Jewish languages tracks its development from its hesitant beginnings in the nineteenth century to its emergence as a key concept that refers to a central ceremony in the Jewish world of the twentieth century. From that point, the article follows the two lexical paths that bat mitzvah has traveled, in the United States and in Israel, and highlights a basic anthropological difference in the ceremony’s social function.
{"title":"The Conceptual and Anthropological History of Bat Mitzvah","authors":"Hizky Shoham","doi":"10.3167/choc.2018.130205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/choc.2018.130205","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to form a conversation between conceptual history and anthropological\u0000history, taking bat mitzvah, the coming-of-age ceremony for\u0000Jewish girls, as a test case. The term is shown to have two main conceptual\u0000meanings: first, the new religious status that a Jewish girl acquires—that of\u0000an adult obligated by the precepts of Jewish law—and second, the event or\u0000ritual marking this milestone. The close examination of the concept’s various\u0000meanings in different Jewish languages tracks its development from\u0000its hesitant beginnings in the nineteenth century to its emergence as a key\u0000concept that refers to a central ceremony in the Jewish world of the twentieth\u0000century. From that point, the article follows the two lexical paths that\u0000bat mitzvah has traveled, in the United States and in Israel, and highlights a\u0000basic anthropological difference in the ceremony’s social function.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77337689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-01DOI: 10.3167/CHOC.2018.130201
P. Escalante
French republicanism is traditionally considered not only the logical outcome of the principles of 1789 but also their main political goal in the long term. Since the revolutionary outbreak, France would have been destined to become a republic, and the consecutive republican regimes that shaped its history seem to support that interpretation. However, considering the formidable weight of the centuries-old French royalist tradition, it is difficult to believe that the French gave up kingship once and for all in the span of the first three revolutionary years and that the First Empire, the Bourbon Restoration, the July Monarchy, and the Second Empire were political regimes imposed only by force, against the will of the French, who only wanted a republican form of government. Driven by these reflections, this article attempts to propose a different interpretation of French republicanism.
{"title":"Revisiting French Foundational Republicanism from a Non-teleological Approach","authors":"P. Escalante","doi":"10.3167/CHOC.2018.130201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3167/CHOC.2018.130201","url":null,"abstract":"French republicanism is traditionally considered not only the logical outcome\u0000of the principles of 1789 but also their main political goal in the long\u0000term. Since the revolutionary outbreak, France would have been destined\u0000to become a republic, and the consecutive republican regimes that shaped\u0000its history seem to support that interpretation. However, considering the\u0000formidable weight of the centuries-old French royalist tradition, it is difficult to believe that the French gave up kingship once and for all in the\u0000span of the first three revolutionary years and that the First Empire, the\u0000Bourbon Restoration, the July Monarchy, and the Second Empire were\u0000political regimes imposed only by force, against the will of the French,\u0000who only wanted a republican form of government. Driven by these reflections,\u0000this article attempts to propose a different interpretation of French\u0000republicanism.","PeriodicalId":42746,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to the History of Concepts","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89851708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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