Pub Date : 2022-07-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221141453
Kamlesh Singh, Shilpa Bandyopadhyay, Mahima Raina
Background: The Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28) is one of the few measures based on a contextually and culturally embedded understanding of resilience. However, its psychometric properties have not been examined in India which is home to the largest proportion of adolescents worldwide. The present study was conducted to address this gap. Aims: This study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the English and Hindi translated version of the CYRM-28 in the Indian context. Additionally, it investigated the role of select sociodemographic factors on the resilience levels of Indian school-going adolescents. Method: Using convenience sampling, data were collected from 1281 adolescents (mean = 15.28 years; SD = 1.08) enrolled in private and government schools in rural and urban parts of Northern India. Three measures were used in this study: CYRM-28, Warwick-Edinburg mental well-being scale (WEMWBS) and PERMA. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation, and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted to validate the scale and to study the effect of sociodemographic factors on resilience levels of India adolescents. Results: A 16-item (English and Hindi) version of the CYRM-28, with a three factor-structure was found to be the most adequate fit for the Indian context. It demonstrated good reliability and convergent validity with the WEMWBS and PERMA. Further, the multivariate results, albeit with a small effect size, showed a significant main effect for place of residence and age, with urban and older adolescents obtaining higher resilience scores than their rural and younger counterparts. Conclusion: The present research shows that a shorter 16-item version of the CYRM with a three-factor structure is a reliable and valid tool for use among Indian adolescents. The CYRM is a robust resilience measure being used across varied cultures—its validation in the Indian context widens the scope for resilience research in the Indian adolescent population.
{"title":"Validation of the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28) in India","authors":"Kamlesh Singh, Shilpa Bandyopadhyay, Mahima Raina","doi":"10.1177/09731342221141453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221141453","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28) is one of the few measures based on a contextually and culturally embedded understanding of resilience. However, its psychometric properties have not been examined in India which is home to the largest proportion of adolescents worldwide. The present study was conducted to address this gap. Aims: This study examined the psychometric properties and factor structure of the English and Hindi translated version of the CYRM-28 in the Indian context. Additionally, it investigated the role of select sociodemographic factors on the resilience levels of Indian school-going adolescents. Method: Using convenience sampling, data were collected from 1281 adolescents (mean = 15.28 years; SD = 1.08) enrolled in private and government schools in rural and urban parts of Northern India. Three measures were used in this study: CYRM-28, Warwick-Edinburg mental well-being scale (WEMWBS) and PERMA. Descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation, and multivariate analysis of variance were conducted to validate the scale and to study the effect of sociodemographic factors on resilience levels of India adolescents. Results: A 16-item (English and Hindi) version of the CYRM-28, with a three factor-structure was found to be the most adequate fit for the Indian context. It demonstrated good reliability and convergent validity with the WEMWBS and PERMA. Further, the multivariate results, albeit with a small effect size, showed a significant main effect for place of residence and age, with urban and older adolescents obtaining higher resilience scores than their rural and younger counterparts. Conclusion: The present research shows that a shorter 16-item version of the CYRM with a three-factor structure is a reliable and valid tool for use among Indian adolescents. The CYRM is a robust resilience measure being used across varied cultures—its validation in the Indian context widens the scope for resilience research in the Indian adolescent population.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"218 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44293748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221120709
Siriporn Santre
The number of adolescents with mental disorders is becoming a worldwide problem, since it has an influence not only on the health of this generation while they are still in this age group but also on their health as adults. The objective of this review aimed to focus on mental health problem and health promotion program among adolescents. The significance of mental health promotion and intervention programs in enhancing adolescents’ well-being and reducing mental health problems is highlighted in this study. There is an opportunity to apply a whole-school strategy with online curriculums. In the digital era, smartphone applications, social networking sites, and the Internet play an important role in daily life, there is an opportunity to develop a mental health promotion program. In addition, through the implementation of evidence-based programs, schools have been placed at the frontline of promoting positive mental health and well-being. The recommended intervention programs can be implemented in a variety of settings, including schools and communities, as well as through digital platforms. Therefore, adolescents’ mental health problems can be mitigated by using effective mental health promotion programs.
{"title":"Mental Health Promotion in Adolescents","authors":"Siriporn Santre","doi":"10.1177/09731342221120709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221120709","url":null,"abstract":"The number of adolescents with mental disorders is becoming a worldwide problem, since it has an influence not only on the health of this generation while they are still in this age group but also on their health as adults. The objective of this review aimed to focus on mental health problem and health promotion program among adolescents. The significance of mental health promotion and intervention programs in enhancing adolescents’ well-being and reducing mental health problems is highlighted in this study. There is an opportunity to apply a whole-school strategy with online curriculums. In the digital era, smartphone applications, social networking sites, and the Internet play an important role in daily life, there is an opportunity to develop a mental health promotion program. In addition, through the implementation of evidence-based programs, schools have been placed at the frontline of promoting positive mental health and well-being. The recommended intervention programs can be implemented in a variety of settings, including schools and communities, as well as through digital platforms. Therefore, adolescents’ mental health problems can be mitigated by using effective mental health promotion programs.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"122 - 127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44393614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221120714
Osheen Shrivastava, Prerna Sharma
Introduction: Parenting is a key factor in development of cognitive and emotional patterns of viewing self, others, and the world. The present study aimed to explore the influence of parenting on early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and emotion regulation in individuals presenting with self-injurious behavior. Method: A total of 32 adolescents with self-injurious behavior aged 15 to 18 years participated in this cross-sectional exploratory study. Measures used were Parental Handling Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form. Results: The results indicate a significant negative correlation of parental care with lack of emotional clarity (r = −0.403, P < .05) with schema of self-punitiveness (r = −0.179, P < .05) and a significant positive correlation with emotional inhibition (r = 0.423, P < .05) and schema of admiration seeking (r = 0.364, P < .05). Parental control was found to be significantly positively correlated with schemas of pessimism (r = 0.350, P < .05) and significantly negatively correlated with admiration seeking (r = 0.477, P < .01). Parenting was also found to be a significant predictor for emotion regulation and EMS (P < .05). Conclusion: Parenting has a significant influence on emotional regulation and EMS. Findings have a bearing on future research and targeted interventions in clinical care settings.
导读:父母的教养是一个关键因素，在发展的认知和情感模式，观察自己，他人和世界。本研究旨在探讨父母教养对自伤行为个体早期适应不良图式(EMS)和情绪调节的影响。方法:对32名15 ~ 18岁有自伤行为的青少年进行横断面探索性研究。采用父母处理问卷、情绪调节困难量表和青少年图式问卷-简表。结果:父母抚育与情绪不清晰(r = - 0.403, P < 0.05)与自我惩罚图式(r = - 0.179, P < 0.05)呈显著负相关，与情绪抑制(r = 0.423, P < 0.05)和寻求崇拜图式(r = 0.364, P < 0.05)呈显著正相关。父母控制与悲观图式显著正相关(r = 0.350, P < 0.05)，与仰慕寻求显著负相关(r = 0.477, P < 0.01)。父母教养也被发现是情绪调节和EMS的显著预测因子(P < 0.05)。结论:父母教养对情绪调节和EMS有显著影响。研究结果对未来的研究和临床护理设置的有针对性的干预措施有影响。
{"title":"Influence of Parenting on Maladaptive Schemas and Emotion Regulation in Adolescents Presenting With Self-Injurious Behavior in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North India","authors":"Osheen Shrivastava, Prerna Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09731342221120714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221120714","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Parenting is a key factor in development of cognitive and emotional patterns of viewing self, others, and the world. The present study aimed to explore the influence of parenting on early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and emotion regulation in individuals presenting with self-injurious behavior. Method: A total of 32 adolescents with self-injurious behavior aged 15 to 18 years participated in this cross-sectional exploratory study. Measures used were Parental Handling Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and Young Schema Questionnaire—Short Form. Results: The results indicate a significant negative correlation of parental care with lack of emotional clarity (r = −0.403, P < .05) with schema of self-punitiveness (r = −0.179, P < .05) and a significant positive correlation with emotional inhibition (r = 0.423, P < .05) and schema of admiration seeking (r = 0.364, P < .05). Parental control was found to be significantly positively correlated with schemas of pessimism (r = 0.350, P < .05) and significantly negatively correlated with admiration seeking (r = 0.477, P < .01). Parenting was also found to be a significant predictor for emotion regulation and EMS (P < .05). Conclusion: Parenting has a significant influence on emotional regulation and EMS. Findings have a bearing on future research and targeted interventions in clinical care settings.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"167 - 175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48683315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221096503
N. Nebhinani, Pranshu Singh, Mamta
Background: Exposure to addictive substances commonly occurs during childhood and adolescence and it adds more adverse consequences in life course. However, evidence is scarce for management of substance use disorders in this population. Methods: We searched for published literature of previous 10 years on PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar until June 2021. The literature found relevant was organized into various subheadings like epidemiology, etiology, screening, and prevention and treatment. Results: Alcohol and tobacco remain the most commonly used substances amongst children and adolescents the world over, closely followed by cannabis. High-risk populations including street children are most severely afflicted. There are a multitude of risk factors ranging from biological to psychosocial, most importantly parental drug use and adverse experience in childhood. Public health initiatives including school, family, and community interventions have shown promising results. Early screening for substance use is beneficial with special attention on externalizing disorders. Studies on pharmacological treatment remain sparse while psychosocial interventions employing different modalities such as behavioural- and contingency-related techniques have shown initial promise. Conclusions: Adolescents and children are more prone to substance use and associated risk-taking behavior. There is a vital need for well-designed studies for assessing risk and protective factors, comprehensive screening, prevention, and intervention modalities in children and adolescents including street children and other high-risk population.
{"title":"Substance Use Disorders in Children and Adolescents","authors":"N. Nebhinani, Pranshu Singh, Mamta","doi":"10.1177/09731342221096503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221096503","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exposure to addictive substances commonly occurs during childhood and adolescence and it adds more adverse consequences in life course. However, evidence is scarce for management of substance use disorders in this population. Methods: We searched for published literature of previous 10 years on PubMed, Cochrane database, and Google Scholar until June 2021. The literature found relevant was organized into various subheadings like epidemiology, etiology, screening, and prevention and treatment. Results: Alcohol and tobacco remain the most commonly used substances amongst children and adolescents the world over, closely followed by cannabis. High-risk populations including street children are most severely afflicted. There are a multitude of risk factors ranging from biological to psychosocial, most importantly parental drug use and adverse experience in childhood. Public health initiatives including school, family, and community interventions have shown promising results. Early screening for substance use is beneficial with special attention on externalizing disorders. Studies on pharmacological treatment remain sparse while psychosocial interventions employing different modalities such as behavioural- and contingency-related techniques have shown initial promise. Conclusions: Adolescents and children are more prone to substance use and associated risk-taking behavior. There is a vital need for well-designed studies for assessing risk and protective factors, comprehensive screening, prevention, and intervention modalities in children and adolescents including street children and other high-risk population.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"128 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47525187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221122840
Veni R.K., Annie Marie Merlene
Background: Studies in the field of learning disability (LD) have repeatedly shown that majority of the LD students experience negative social comparisons, result in negative self-perception (SP), especially in the classrooms. Literature has also described that these students are more prone to develop mental health issues which may reflect in the way they behave within the classroom. Though studies have been found done separately on some of the dimensions of SP, psychological well-being (PWB), and classroom behavior (CRB) on learning disabled and their normal peers, no scientific study was found done together either in India or abroad. Objectives: The study aims at comparing the differences in SP, PWB, and CRB of students with and without LD. The study has also attempted to assess the relationship and influence of SP and PWB on CRB of the learning-disabled students from the schools of Kerala. Method: A representative sample of learning disabled (N = 225) and normal pupils (N = 260) was selected for the study. The data was collected using a scale of SP, mental health profile, and CRB inventory along with a personal information sheet. The data was analyzed using (a) independent t test (two tailed t test for significant difference between the means of independent samples), (b) computation of statistical indices like mean, percentages, and standard deviation, (c) Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation (r), and (d) stepwise multiple regression analysis. Result: Results indicated that the pupils with LD were found to show lower SP, low PWB, and exhibit poor CRB in comparison to their normal peers. It was observed that there is a significant positive relationship found among all the major variables under the study namely, SP, PWB, and CRB of the learning-disabled students in the schools of Kerala. Findings also revealed that SP and PWB has a combined effect on CRB and PWB was found to be a better predictor of CRB of the learning-disabled students. Conclusion: The result of the study implies the need for enhancing the SP and PWB of LD students so as to improve their CRB with the help of psychologists, special educators, teachers, and other school authorities.
{"title":"Self-Perception and Psychological Well-Being as Determinants of Classroom Behavior of Students With and Without Learning Disability","authors":"Veni R.K., Annie Marie Merlene","doi":"10.1177/09731342221122840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221122840","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Studies in the field of learning disability (LD) have repeatedly shown that majority of the LD students experience negative social comparisons, result in negative self-perception (SP), especially in the classrooms. Literature has also described that these students are more prone to develop mental health issues which may reflect in the way they behave within the classroom. Though studies have been found done separately on some of the dimensions of SP, psychological well-being (PWB), and classroom behavior (CRB) on learning disabled and their normal peers, no scientific study was found done together either in India or abroad. Objectives: The study aims at comparing the differences in SP, PWB, and CRB of students with and without LD. The study has also attempted to assess the relationship and influence of SP and PWB on CRB of the learning-disabled students from the schools of Kerala. Method: A representative sample of learning disabled (N = 225) and normal pupils (N = 260) was selected for the study. The data was collected using a scale of SP, mental health profile, and CRB inventory along with a personal information sheet. The data was analyzed using (a) independent t test (two tailed t test for significant difference between the means of independent samples), (b) computation of statistical indices like mean, percentages, and standard deviation, (c) Pearson’s product moment coefficient of correlation (r), and (d) stepwise multiple regression analysis. Result: Results indicated that the pupils with LD were found to show lower SP, low PWB, and exhibit poor CRB in comparison to their normal peers. It was observed that there is a significant positive relationship found among all the major variables under the study namely, SP, PWB, and CRB of the learning-disabled students in the schools of Kerala. Findings also revealed that SP and PWB has a combined effect on CRB and PWB was found to be a better predictor of CRB of the learning-disabled students. Conclusion: The result of the study implies the need for enhancing the SP and PWB of LD students so as to improve their CRB with the help of psychologists, special educators, teachers, and other school authorities.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"158 - 166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42107355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221096481
A. Johnson, Pooja R. Sridhar, Merlyn Joseph
Background: Media, including mobile phones, computers, and social media, is a dominant force in the lives of adolescents, and has now penetrated the rural areas. Screen addiction (SA) is a pathological compulsive use of screen-based devices. Objectives: To estimate SA and its associated factors among school-going adolescents residing in a rural area in South Karnataka. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents (10-19 years) in 4 schools of Solur Hobli, Ramanagara district, using a structured questionnaire including physical activity, family, and academic stressors. SA was assessed using Tao’s Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction. Depression was screened using Physical Health Questionnaire-9. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done for factors associated with SA. Results: Of the 335 adolescents, 20% felt preoccupied with screens, 8% felt restless, moody, and irritable when not using them, 26% used screen devices as a way of escaping problems or relieving irritable mood, 12% had depression, and 3.9% had SA. SA was significantly higher among depressed subjects (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.18 [1.48-18.13], P = .010), males (AOR = 12.54 [1.46-109.9], P = .021), adolescents who felt that their parents fought frequently (AOR = 4.21 (1.17-15.09), P = 0.027), and adolescents who did not participate in sports (AOR = 3.82 (confidence interval: 1.04-14.06], P = 0.044). Conclusion: While proportion of rural students with SA is still low, we need to prevent this from developing into a public health issue by recognizing SA and depression among students and develop targeted interventions to manage the same, including increasing awareness among teachers and students about SA and its link with depression.
{"title":"Is Screen Addiction a Problem Among Rural School-Going Adolescents? A Cross-Sectional Study in South Karnataka","authors":"A. Johnson, Pooja R. Sridhar, Merlyn Joseph","doi":"10.1177/09731342221096481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221096481","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Media, including mobile phones, computers, and social media, is a dominant force in the lives of adolescents, and has now penetrated the rural areas. Screen addiction (SA) is a pathological compulsive use of screen-based devices. Objectives: To estimate SA and its associated factors among school-going adolescents residing in a rural area in South Karnataka. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among adolescents (10-19 years) in 4 schools of Solur Hobli, Ramanagara district, using a structured questionnaire including physical activity, family, and academic stressors. SA was assessed using Tao’s Diagnostic Criteria for Internet Addiction. Depression was screened using Physical Health Questionnaire-9. Chi-square test and logistic regression were done for factors associated with SA. Results: Of the 335 adolescents, 20% felt preoccupied with screens, 8% felt restless, moody, and irritable when not using them, 26% used screen devices as a way of escaping problems or relieving irritable mood, 12% had depression, and 3.9% had SA. SA was significantly higher among depressed subjects (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.18 [1.48-18.13], P = .010), males (AOR = 12.54 [1.46-109.9], P = .021), adolescents who felt that their parents fought frequently (AOR = 4.21 (1.17-15.09), P = 0.027), and adolescents who did not participate in sports (AOR = 3.82 (confidence interval: 1.04-14.06], P = 0.044). Conclusion: While proportion of rural students with SA is still low, we need to prevent this from developing into a public health issue by recognizing SA and depression among students and develop targeted interventions to manage the same, including increasing awareness among teachers and students about SA and its link with depression.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"137 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46851481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221122841
G. Zacharia, Priya Sreenivasan, Gayathri S. Iyer, A. Reghunath, Muhammod Rishad Shajahan
Objectives: To study the prevalence of sleep deprivation (SLD) and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents of 9th to 12th grades (13-18 years) in an urban setting in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Methodology: The participants were selected through random sampling. Self-administered structured questionnaire focusing on sleep habits, study habits, before bed screen-time, and parental sleep habits was administered to them. Weight and height were measured to calculate Body Mass Index. Results: Out of the 426 students, 29 were excluded and 302 students (76.07%) had SLD. Mean age was 15.79 years (standard deviation: 1.23). Univariate analysis showed adolescents above 15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2203, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.380-3.517), students of 11th and 12th (OR = 2.205, 95% CI: 1.380-3.523), sleeping after 10 PM (OR = 19.617, 95% CI: 10.586-36.355), waking up before 6 AM (OR = 2.586, 95% CI: 1.554-4.304), sleeping after parents (OR = 2.356, 95% CI: 1.415-3.922) had significant risk. On multivariate analysis, students of 11th and 12th (adjusted OR [aOR] = 3.197, 95% CI: 1.107-9.234), going to bed after 10 PM(aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), waking up before 6 AM (aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), and sleeping after parents (aOR = 1.927, 95% CI: 1.011-3.673) were significant. Conclusion: Prevalence of SLD among adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was 76.07%. Higher secondary classes, going to sleep after 10 PM, waking up before 6 AM, and sleeping after parents had significant SLD. Good sleep habits can be promoted by including their importance in school curriculum.
{"title":"Sleep Deprivation Among School-Going Adolescents in an Urban Setting in Kerala (India); Descriptive Study","authors":"G. Zacharia, Priya Sreenivasan, Gayathri S. Iyer, A. Reghunath, Muhammod Rishad Shajahan","doi":"10.1177/09731342221122841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221122841","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To study the prevalence of sleep deprivation (SLD) and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents of 9th to 12th grades (13-18 years) in an urban setting in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Methodology: The participants were selected through random sampling. Self-administered structured questionnaire focusing on sleep habits, study habits, before bed screen-time, and parental sleep habits was administered to them. Weight and height were measured to calculate Body Mass Index. Results: Out of the 426 students, 29 were excluded and 302 students (76.07%) had SLD. Mean age was 15.79 years (standard deviation: 1.23). Univariate analysis showed adolescents above 15 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2203, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.380-3.517), students of 11th and 12th (OR = 2.205, 95% CI: 1.380-3.523), sleeping after 10 PM (OR = 19.617, 95% CI: 10.586-36.355), waking up before 6 AM (OR = 2.586, 95% CI: 1.554-4.304), sleeping after parents (OR = 2.356, 95% CI: 1.415-3.922) had significant risk. On multivariate analysis, students of 11th and 12th (adjusted OR [aOR] = 3.197, 95% CI: 1.107-9.234), going to bed after 10 PM(aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), waking up before 6 AM (aOR = 51.49, 95% CI: 20.211-131.180), and sleeping after parents (aOR = 1.927, 95% CI: 1.011-3.673) were significant. Conclusion: Prevalence of SLD among adolescents aged 13 to 18 years was 76.07%. Higher secondary classes, going to sleep after 10 PM, waking up before 6 AM, and sleeping after parents had significant SLD. Good sleep habits can be promoted by including their importance in school curriculum.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"152 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48326260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221118164
S. Arya, M. Sharma, S. Rathee, Priya Singh
In the background of COVID-19 restrictions, online games have positioned themselves as activities which promote adherence to precautionary measures, while allowing users to socially interact and entertain themselves. Emerging evidence suggest increase in viewership as well as gaming activity throughout the world. However, such rapid increase in initiation of gaming activities also puts vulnerable population at risk of developing problematic use and addiction. We provide 2 real world examples of how pandemic-related changes can contribute toward gaming disorder in those with previously recreational or minimal Internet gaming. Public health policymakers need to be mindful of potential fallout of gaming addiction secondary to increased changes brought by the pandemic.
{"title":"COVID-19 Pandemic, Social Isolation, and Online Gaming Addiction: Evidence From Two Case Reports","authors":"S. Arya, M. Sharma, S. Rathee, Priya Singh","doi":"10.1177/09731342221118164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221118164","url":null,"abstract":"In the background of COVID-19 restrictions, online games have positioned themselves as activities which promote adherence to precautionary measures, while allowing users to socially interact and entertain themselves. Emerging evidence suggest increase in viewership as well as gaming activity throughout the world. However, such rapid increase in initiation of gaming activities also puts vulnerable population at risk of developing problematic use and addiction. We provide 2 real world examples of how pandemic-related changes can contribute toward gaming disorder in those with previously recreational or minimal Internet gaming. Public health policymakers need to be mindful of potential fallout of gaming addiction secondary to increased changes brought by the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"196 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41416710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/09731342221096496
S. Mahajan, P. Arun, Nidhika Chauhan
Background: Risperidone and methylphenidate are commonly used drugs to manage problem behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies report that these 2 drugs may be helpful in improving core symptoms of ASD as well. Aim: To assess and compare the efficacy and safety profile of risperidone and methylphenidate for problem behaviors and core symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD. Setting and Design: An 8-week, prospective, interventional, randomized, and open-label trial carried out in a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects with a diagnosis of ASD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition were randomized to risperidone and methylphenidate groups. Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition, Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism, and Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form were used for assessments. Adverse effects, physical, and laboratory parameters were monitored regularly. Statistical Analysis: Tests applied include chi-square test, repeated measures Analysis of Variance, and Student t test, and nonparametric tests for skewed data. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Both drugs improved inattention, hyperactivity, and stereotypies. Methylphenidate reduced self-isolation, and risperidone improved emotional dysregulation, aggression, and self-injury. Adverse effects were seen in 55% of methylphenidate group (commonly decreased appetite and irritability) and 40% of risperidone group (commonly sedation and increased appetite). Improvement in stereotypy with both drugs and self-isolated behavior with methylphenidate indicates a possible role in improving core symptoms of ASD. Conclusion: Both drugs were beneficial in the management of behaviors associated with ASD. Further research to establish their role in reducing core symptoms and long-term safety is warranted.
{"title":"Efficacy of Risperidone and Methylphenidate for Problem Behaviors and Core Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Trial","authors":"S. Mahajan, P. Arun, Nidhika Chauhan","doi":"10.1177/09731342221096496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09731342221096496","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Risperidone and methylphenidate are commonly used drugs to manage problem behaviors in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Studies report that these 2 drugs may be helpful in improving core symptoms of ASD as well. Aim: To assess and compare the efficacy and safety profile of risperidone and methylphenidate for problem behaviors and core symptoms in children and adolescents with ASD. Setting and Design: An 8-week, prospective, interventional, randomized, and open-label trial carried out in a tertiary care hospital of northern India. Materials and Methods: Forty subjects with a diagnosis of ASD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition were randomized to risperidone and methylphenidate groups. Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition, Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism, and Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form were used for assessments. Adverse effects, physical, and laboratory parameters were monitored regularly. Statistical Analysis: Tests applied include chi-square test, repeated measures Analysis of Variance, and Student t test, and nonparametric tests for skewed data. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 22.0. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Both drugs improved inattention, hyperactivity, and stereotypies. Methylphenidate reduced self-isolation, and risperidone improved emotional dysregulation, aggression, and self-injury. Adverse effects were seen in 55% of methylphenidate group (commonly decreased appetite and irritability) and 40% of risperidone group (commonly sedation and increased appetite). Improvement in stereotypy with both drugs and self-isolated behavior with methylphenidate indicates a possible role in improving core symptoms of ASD. Conclusion: Both drugs were beneficial in the management of behaviors associated with ASD. Further research to establish their role in reducing core symptoms and long-term safety is warranted.","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"186 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42020713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.1177/0973134221125867
N. Kumar, Prerna Kukreti, Mini Sharma, O. Ramesh
{"title":"Post-COVID-19 Abrupt Onset PANS","authors":"N. Kumar, Prerna Kukreti, Mini Sharma, O. Ramesh","doi":"10.1177/0973134221125867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0973134221125867","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42760,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health","volume":"18 1","pages":"199 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45007153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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