Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77003
M. Pic
This article reports on formal experimentation (literary, graphic and cinematographic) in Swiss pharmaceutical journals in the 1960s based on a case study: the Sandorama journal of Laboratoires Sandoz. It looks at the relationship between arts, medicine and commerce, showing that the public trust of the doctors who read the journal is built up through forms. The inventiveness of the latter is part of the more global process of a reorganization of pharmaceutical marketing after the Second World War, due in particular to the arrival of psychotropic drugs on the market.
{"title":"Avant-gardes et expérimentations des formes dans les revues pharmaceutiques suisses: le cas Sandorama (1962–1965)","authors":"M. Pic","doi":"10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77003","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on formal experimentation (literary, graphic and cinematographic) in Swiss pharmaceutical journals in the 1960s based on a case study: the Sandorama journal of Laboratoires Sandoz. It looks at the relationship between arts, medicine and commerce, showing that the public trust of the doctors who read the journal is built up through forms. The inventiveness of the latter is part of the more global process of a reorganization of pharmaceutical marketing after the Second World War, due in particular to the arrival of psychotropic drugs on the market.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47312323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77001
C. Ruffieux
Recent research on the history of medicine has shown that during the 18th century, the pharmacological market has steadily expanded. For medical practitioners, this influx of novelties triggered constant challenges to the process of cure assessment. This study analyses six historical controversies surrounding new remedies in Geneva during the first half of 19th century. The overview of fifty years of therapeutic questioning shows how Genevan practitioners managed to judge the usefulness of a specific remedy on the basis of observations – usually quite numerous – and how they started to elaborate methodological principles underlying a populational approach.
{"title":"Les méthodes d’évaluation de nouveaux remèdes dans la première moitié du 19ème siècle: l’exemple des médecins genevois","authors":"C. Ruffieux","doi":"10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77001","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on the history of medicine has shown that during the 18th century, the pharmacological market has steadily expanded. For medical practitioners, this influx of novelties triggered constant challenges to the process of cure assessment. This study analyses six historical controversies surrounding new remedies in Geneva during the first half of 19th century. The overview of fifty years of therapeutic questioning shows how Genevan practitioners managed to judge the usefulness of a specific remedy on the basis of observations – usually quite numerous – and how they started to elaborate methodological principles underlying a populational approach.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43987031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77005
M. V. Drie, A. Harris
For centuries, those training doctors have been faced with the challenges of standardising subjective experiences and constructing “the universal body” in learning situations. Various technologies have been introduced to address these challenges, with varying degrees of success. In this article we focus on the stethoscope, specifically the electrical and digital stethoscope models. Historical and social studies of medicine have already underlined the sociomateriality of learning in medicine. In this article we underscore the per formative nature of teaching and learning in the sociomaterial context. We do so by juxtaposing ethnographic and historical events that stage electrical and digital stethoscopes. These are not documentations of everyday practices but rather reconstructions of choreographed performances for learning about the body. In these stagings, the novice is taught to focus attention and avoid distraction, when learning the sounds of “the body”. Through engaging with, and comparing, different ethnographic and historic materials and artefacts, and through methodological reflection, we examine the importance not only of attention and distraction in learning a bodily skill, but also of dealing with distortion. We argue that these ethnographic and historic insights into distortion illuminate a neglected aspect of medical training, and more generally, in shaping sensory perceptions.
{"title":"The stethoscope goes digital: Learning through attention, distraction and distortion","authors":"M. V. Drie, A. Harris","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77005","url":null,"abstract":"For centuries, those training doctors have been faced with the challenges of standardising subjective experiences and constructing “the universal body” in learning situations. Various technologies have been introduced to address these challenges, with varying degrees of success. In this article we focus on the stethoscope, specifically the electrical and digital stethoscope models. Historical and social studies of medicine have already underlined the sociomateriality of learning in medicine. In this article we underscore the per formative nature of teaching and learning in the sociomaterial context. We do so by juxtaposing ethnographic and historical events that stage electrical and digital stethoscopes. These are not documentations of everyday practices but rather reconstructions of choreographed performances for learning about the body. In these stagings, the novice is taught to focus attention and avoid distraction, when learning the sounds of “the body”. Through engaging with, and comparing, different ethnographic and historic materials and artefacts, and through methodological reflection, we examine the importance not only of attention and distraction in learning a bodily skill, but also of dealing with distortion. We argue that these ethnographic and historic insights into distortion illuminate a neglected aspect of medical training, and more generally, in shaping sensory perceptions.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49521054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77002
M. Arminjon
In 2008, the Commission on Social Determinants of Health at the World Health Organisation published a report demonstrating the existence of a socio-economic gradient for health. Though health inequalities had been apparent since at least the 19th century, the report introduced a bio-psycho-social aetiological model that was absent from 19th century social medicine, as well as from former WHO documents. To bio-psycho-social epidemiologists stress associated with social status is the main cause of morbidity and death. Here I begin by noting that the history social epidemiologists have written for their fi eld tends to inscribe their work in continuity with 19th century social medicine. This contributes towards minimizing the epistemological and contextual transformations that led bio-psycho-social epidemiology to initiate a profound transformation in international health policy. Adopting an epistemological and transnational perspective, I fi rstly argue that bio-psycho-social epidemiology emerged from René Dubos’ historical and epistemological critique of the foundation of 19th century social medicine. I secondly show how the political and epistemological research program elaborated by Dubos developed in the US context, which was characterized both by a growing concern for chronic diseases and for racial inequalities. Finally, I show that through its transnational circulation in the United Kingdom, bio-psycho-social epidemiology was “de-racialized”. This step was a prerequisite for its aetiological model to be integrated into international public health strategies and to transform them.
{"title":"The American Roots of Social Epidemiology and its Transnational Circulation. From the African-American Hypertension Enigma to the WHO’s Recommendations","authors":"M. Arminjon","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77002","url":null,"abstract":"In 2008, the Commission on Social Determinants of Health at the World Health Organisation published a report demonstrating the existence of a socio-economic gradient for health. Though health inequalities had been apparent since at least the 19th century, the report introduced a bio-psycho-social aetiological model that was absent from 19th century social medicine, as well as from former WHO documents. To bio-psycho-social epidemiologists stress associated with social status is the main cause of morbidity and death.\u0000Here I begin by noting that the history social epidemiologists have written for their fi eld tends to inscribe their work in continuity with 19th century social medicine. This contributes towards minimizing the epistemological and contextual transformations that led bio-psycho-social epidemiology to initiate a profound transformation in international health policy. Adopting an epistemological and transnational perspective, I fi rstly argue that bio-psycho-social epidemiology emerged from René Dubos’ historical and epistemological critique of the foundation of 19th century social medicine. I secondly show how the political and epistemological research program elaborated by Dubos developed in the US context, which was characterized both by a growing concern for chronic diseases and for racial inequalities.\u0000Finally, I show that through its transnational circulation in the United Kingdom, bio-psycho-social epidemiology was “de-racialized”. This step was a prerequisite for its aetiological model to be integrated into international public health strategies and to transform them.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46215934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77004
H. Buclin
In 1974, the Swiss citizens voted against a popular initiative aimed at reforming the health insurance, launched by the Swiss Socialist Party. They refused as well a less ambitious counter-proposal elaborated by the government. This failure of the left-wing reformers is worthy of interest. This was, indeed, the main attempt until now to implement a healthcare subsidization based on social funding that would provide a wide risk coverage. In fact, shortly after the vote, the emerging economic crisis rather reinforced the advocates of a limitation of social welfare benefits. This durably hindered the political Left’s hopes of transforming in depth the Swiss healthcare system. The 1974 failure of the socialist initiative thus contributed to strengthen the conservative model, which received support from right-wing forces and the business community.
{"title":"Assurance-maladie et libéralisme économique: l’échec de l’initiative populaire du Parti socialiste suisse de 1974","authors":"H. Buclin","doi":"10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-fr.2020.77004","url":null,"abstract":"In 1974, the Swiss citizens voted against a popular initiative aimed at reforming the health insurance, launched by the Swiss Socialist Party. They refused as well a less ambitious counter-proposal elaborated by the government. This failure of the left-wing reformers is worthy of interest. This was, indeed, the main attempt until now to implement a healthcare subsidization based on social funding that would provide a wide risk coverage. In fact, shortly after the vote, the emerging economic crisis rather reinforced the advocates of a limitation of social welfare benefits. This durably hindered the political Left’s hopes of transforming in depth the Swiss healthcare system. The 1974 failure of the socialist initiative thus contributed to strengthen the conservative model, which received support from right-wing forces and the business community.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47167846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-06DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77007
Editors Gesnerus
{"title":"Books Received","authors":"Editors Gesnerus","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47792524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77015
Martina King
“Arterial hypotonia after admission”: concepts of personhood and types of communication in clinical medicine This article deals, from the perspective of textual and narrative theory, with certain forms of communication in current clinical medicine. It will be argued that diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in highly specialized medical contexts tend to be fragmented and pluralistic and that this compromises a distinct concept of personhood. Therefore, clinical experts should adopt an integrative understanding of the patient as coherent entity. The phenomenon of depersonalization in clinical medicine is, among others, reinforced by a quasi ‘hegemonial’ expert genre that organizes almost all case-based communication among specialists: the discharge report or epicrisis. However, there is hardly any research about this genre. Against this background, a brief overview will be given over the historical development of the medical report in the 20th century and its epistemological function, using archival sources. Certain narrative peculiarities such as deagentivization, reductionism and fundamental linearity indicate that the medical report has the function of ordering past courses of events and of making causal connections evident – therefore it works anyway in a depersonalizing manner. In this context, the Medical Humanities have a serious didactic task: they should raise critical awareness of the relationship between talking, writing, thinking and acting among future clinicians already during their academic education.
{"title":"«Nach Aufnahme arterielle Hypotonie»: Personenkonzept und Kommunikationsformen in der Experten-Medizin","authors":"Martina King","doi":"10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77015","url":null,"abstract":"“Arterial hypotonia after admission”: concepts of personhood and types of communication in clinical medicine\u0000This article deals, from the perspective of textual and narrative theory, with certain forms of communication in current clinical medicine. It will be argued that diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in highly specialized medical contexts tend to be fragmented and pluralistic and that this compromises a distinct concept of personhood. Therefore, clinical experts should adopt an integrative understanding of the patient as coherent entity. The phenomenon of depersonalization in clinical medicine is, among others, reinforced by a quasi ‘hegemonial’ expert genre that organizes almost all case-based communication among specialists: the discharge report or epicrisis. However, there is hardly any research about this genre. Against this background, a brief overview will be given over the historical development of the medical report in the 20th century and its epistemological function, using archival sources. Certain narrative peculiarities such as deagentivization, reductionism and fundamental linearity indicate that the medical report has the function of ordering past courses of events and of making causal connections evident – therefore it works anyway in a depersonalizing manner. In this context, the Medical Humanities have a serious didactic task: they should raise critical awareness of the relationship between talking, writing, thinking and acting among future clinicians already during their academic education.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42430262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77012
R. Graf
Der Aufsatz untersucht das Verhältnis von Persönlichkeit und Verhalten in der Defi nition und Diagnostik des Autismus von Kanner und Asperger in den 1940er Jahren bis in die neueren Ausgaben des DSM und ICD. Dazu unterscheidet er drei verschiedene epistemische Zugänge zum Autismus: ein externes Wissen der dritten Person, das über Verhaltensbeobachtungen, Testverfahren und Elterninterviews gewonnen wird; ein stärker praktisches Wissen der zweiten Person, das in der andauernden, alltäglichen Interaktion bei Eltern und Betreuer*innen entsteht, und schließlich das introspektive Wissen der ersten Person, d.h. der Autist*innen selbst. Dabei resultiert die Kerndifferenz in der Behandlung des Autismus daraus, ob man meint, die Persönlichkeit eines Menschen allein über die Beobachtung von Verhaltensweisen erschließen zu können oder ob es sich um eine vorgängige Struktur handelt, die introspektiv zugänglich ist, Verhalten prägt und ihm Sinn verleihen kann. Die Entscheidung hierüber führt zu grundlegend anderen Positionierungen zu verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansätzen, wie insbesondere zu Ole Ivar Lovaas’ Applied Behavior Analysis.
本文研究了20世纪40年代以来,直到DSM和ICD的最新版本,Kanner和Asperger自闭症的定义和诊断中人格和行为之间的关系。为此,他区分了三种不同的自闭症认知方法:通过行为观察、测试程序和父母访谈获得的第三人的外部知识;从父母和照顾者之间持续的日常互动中获得的对第二人更实用的知识,最后是对第一人,即自闭症患者自己的内省知识。自闭症治疗的核心区别在于,人们是否认为可以仅仅通过观察行为来揭示一个人的个性,或者这是一种可以内省的、塑造行为并赋予其意义的先验结构。这一决定导致了对行为治疗方法的根本不同立场,例如Ole Ivar Lovaas的应用行为分析。
{"title":"Vom «autistischen Psychopathen» zum Autismusspektrum. Verhaltensdiagnostik und Persönlichkeitsbehauptung in der Geschichte des Autismus","authors":"R. Graf","doi":"10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77012","url":null,"abstract":"Der Aufsatz untersucht das Verhältnis von Persönlichkeit und Verhalten in der Defi nition und Diagnostik des Autismus von Kanner und Asperger in den 1940er Jahren bis in die neueren Ausgaben des DSM und ICD. Dazu unterscheidet er drei verschiedene epistemische Zugänge zum Autismus: ein externes Wissen der dritten Person, das über Verhaltensbeobachtungen, Testverfahren und Elterninterviews gewonnen wird; ein stärker praktisches Wissen der zweiten Person, das in der andauernden, alltäglichen Interaktion bei Eltern und Betreuer*innen entsteht, und schließlich das introspektive Wissen der ersten Person, d.h. der Autist*innen selbst. Dabei resultiert die Kerndifferenz in der Behandlung des Autismus daraus, ob man meint, die Persönlichkeit eines Menschen allein über die Beobachtung von Verhaltensweisen erschließen zu können oder ob es sich um eine vorgängige Struktur handelt, die introspektiv zugänglich ist, Verhalten prägt und ihm Sinn verleihen kann. Die Entscheidung hierüber führt zu grundlegend anderen Positionierungen zu verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansätzen, wie insbesondere zu Ole Ivar Lovaas’ Applied Behavior Analysis.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46068238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/GESN-EN.2020.77008
V. Barras, H. Steinke
The volume you hold in your hand is the last issue of our journal in its present form. Gesnerus, continuously published since 1943, will continue with a new name, a new team, and new patrons. From 2021 onwards, it will be known as the European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health (EHMH), edited jointly by the Swiss Society for the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences and the European Association for the History of Medicine and Health and will be published by Brill (Leiden). In the early 1920s, 100 years ago, the Swiss Society for the History of Medicine and the Natural Sciences was founded by two very different private scholars, between whom there was nevertheless a certain affi nity.1 One was Arnold C. Klebs (1870-1943), a physician from Bern and former director of the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, who now resided as a wealthy private citizen in Nyon on Lake Geneva. The other was Henry E. Sigerist (1891-1957), who came from a wealthy Schaffhausen family and was in the process of completing his habilitation thesis in medical history in Zurich. The two are paradigmatic representatives of those whom the society, founded in 1921, wanted to address. As Klebs himself put it in a letter to Sigerist: “We want to attract the collector as well as the philosopher, and also those who are simply sentimentally interested in the old.” 2 With the collector, Klebs had careful empirical scholars like himself in mind; with the phi-
{"title":"Gesnerus. Swiss Journal for the History of Medicine and Science, 1943-2020","authors":"V. Barras, H. Steinke","doi":"10.24894/GESN-EN.2020.77008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/GESN-EN.2020.77008","url":null,"abstract":"The volume you hold in your hand is the last issue of our journal in its present form. Gesnerus, continuously published since 1943, will continue with a new name, a new team, and new patrons. From 2021 onwards, it will be known as the European Journal for the History of Medicine and Health (EHMH), edited jointly by the Swiss Society for the History of Medicine and Natural Sciences and the European Association for the History of Medicine and Health and will be published by Brill (Leiden). In the early 1920s, 100 years ago, the Swiss Society for the History of Medicine and the Natural Sciences was founded by two very different private scholars, between whom there was nevertheless a certain affi nity.1 One was Arnold C. Klebs (1870-1943), a physician from Bern and former director of the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, who now resided as a wealthy private citizen in Nyon on Lake Geneva. The other was Henry E. Sigerist (1891-1957), who came from a wealthy Schaffhausen family and was in the process of completing his habilitation thesis in medical history in Zurich. The two are paradigmatic representatives of those whom the society, founded in 1921, wanted to address. As Klebs himself put it in a letter to Sigerist: “We want to attract the collector as well as the philosopher, and also those who are simply sentimentally interested in the old.” 2 With the collector, Klebs had careful empirical scholars like himself in mind; with the phi-","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46183991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77013
M. Streng
Ende der 1960er Jahre entstand während der Großen Strafrechtsreform in Westdeutschland die Sozialtherapeutische Anstalt als dem Strafvollzug und der Psychiatrie zwischengelagerte eigenständige Institution. Sie sollte Straffällige behandeln, denen Gutachter vor Gericht eine «schwere Persönlichkeitsstörung » attestierten. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie dieses Indikationsmerkmal bei der Auswahl männlicher Probanden in zwei nordrhein-westfälischen sozialtherapeutischen Modellanstalten ausgelegt wurde. Die psychisch abnorme Täterpersönlichkeit, so die These, wurde im Verlauf der 1970er Jahre durch psychologische Diagnostik zunehmend entpathologisiert und normalisiert, während gleichzeitig therapeutische Verfahren an das Umfeld des Strafvollzugs angepasst wurden.
{"title":"«Krass aus der Norm gefallen»? Das Konzept der «schweren Persönlichkeitsstörung» in der Auswahl männlicher Delinquenten für Sozialtherapeutische Anstalten in Nordrhein-Westfalen in den 1970er Jahren","authors":"M. Streng","doi":"10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77013","url":null,"abstract":"Ende der 1960er Jahre entstand während der Großen Strafrechtsreform in Westdeutschland die Sozialtherapeutische Anstalt als dem Strafvollzug und der Psychiatrie zwischengelagerte eigenständige Institution. Sie sollte Straffällige behandeln, denen Gutachter vor Gericht eine «schwere Persönlichkeitsstörung » attestierten. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie dieses Indikationsmerkmal bei der Auswahl männlicher Probanden in zwei nordrhein-westfälischen sozialtherapeutischen Modellanstalten ausgelegt wurde. Die psychisch abnorme Täterpersönlichkeit, so die These, wurde im Verlauf der 1970er Jahre durch psychologische Diagnostik zunehmend entpathologisiert und normalisiert, während gleichzeitig therapeutische Verfahren an das Umfeld des Strafvollzugs angepasst wurden.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}