Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77013
M. Streng
Ende der 1960er Jahre entstand während der Großen Strafrechtsreform in Westdeutschland die Sozialtherapeutische Anstalt als dem Strafvollzug und der Psychiatrie zwischengelagerte eigenständige Institution. Sie sollte Straffällige behandeln, denen Gutachter vor Gericht eine «schwere Persönlichkeitsstörung » attestierten. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie dieses Indikationsmerkmal bei der Auswahl männlicher Probanden in zwei nordrhein-westfälischen sozialtherapeutischen Modellanstalten ausgelegt wurde. Die psychisch abnorme Täterpersönlichkeit, so die These, wurde im Verlauf der 1970er Jahre durch psychologische Diagnostik zunehmend entpathologisiert und normalisiert, während gleichzeitig therapeutische Verfahren an das Umfeld des Strafvollzugs angepasst wurden.
{"title":"«Krass aus der Norm gefallen»? Das Konzept der «schweren Persönlichkeitsstörung» in der Auswahl männlicher Delinquenten für Sozialtherapeutische Anstalten in Nordrhein-Westfalen in den 1970er Jahren","authors":"M. Streng","doi":"10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77013","url":null,"abstract":"Ende der 1960er Jahre entstand während der Großen Strafrechtsreform in Westdeutschland die Sozialtherapeutische Anstalt als dem Strafvollzug und der Psychiatrie zwischengelagerte eigenständige Institution. Sie sollte Straffällige behandeln, denen Gutachter vor Gericht eine «schwere Persönlichkeitsstörung » attestierten. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie dieses Indikationsmerkmal bei der Auswahl männlicher Probanden in zwei nordrhein-westfälischen sozialtherapeutischen Modellanstalten ausgelegt wurde. Die psychisch abnorme Täterpersönlichkeit, so die These, wurde im Verlauf der 1970er Jahre durch psychologische Diagnostik zunehmend entpathologisiert und normalisiert, während gleichzeitig therapeutische Verfahren an das Umfeld des Strafvollzugs angepasst wurden.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42567840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/22977953-07702014
Ute Frietsch
{"title":"Moran, Bruce T.: Paracelsus. An Alchemical Life. London, Reaktion Books, 2019. 216 p. Ill. £ 15.95. ISBN 9781789141443","authors":"Ute Frietsch","doi":"10.24894/22977953-07702014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/22977953-07702014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45943203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77017
Editors Gesnerus
{"title":"Books Received","authors":"Editors Gesnerus","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2020.77017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-29DOI: 10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77010
Sara Galle, Emmanuel Neuhaus, Lena Künzle, Daniel Lis, I. Ritzmann
Der Beitrag setzt sich mit der psychiatrischen Beurteilung der Persönlichkeit im Zusammenhang mit der Fremdplatzierung von Kindern auseinander. Im Zentrum steht die Begutachtung zweier Kinder, die 1957 beziehungsweise 1972 von ihren Vormunden in die kinderpsychiatrische Beobachtungsstation Brüschhalde im Kanton Zürich eingewiesen wurden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren zeigen auf, wie Persönlichkeit im stationären Kontext konzeptualisiert, erfasst und bewertet wurde. Bei den beiden ausserehelich geborenen Kindern diagnostizierten die begutachtenden Ärztinnen und Ärzte, wie bei den meisten Kindern in der Brüschhalde zu jener Zeit, «abnorme», genauer «neurotische Reaktionen», die durch «ungünstige Milieuverhältnisse» ausgelöst worden waren und zu Entwicklungsstörungen führten. Das Persönlichkeitskonzept der Kinderpsychiatrie stellte ein Entwicklungskonzept dar, das nicht nur die individuelle Entfaltung, sondern auch die gesellschaftliche Assimilation zum Ziel hatte. Die wichtigste Voraussetzung für eine «normale» Persönlichkeitsentwicklung des Kindes war und blieb ein «geordnetes, harmonisches Familienleben». Massgeblich für die Fremdplatzierung war nicht die Diagnose, sondern die familiäre Konstellation und die Persönlichkeit der Eltern, insbesondere der Mütter.
{"title":"Die psychiatrische Begutachtung von Kindern mit «abnormen Reaktionen» in der Zürcher Kinderbeobachtungs station Brüschhalde 1957 bis 1972","authors":"Sara Galle, Emmanuel Neuhaus, Lena Künzle, Daniel Lis, I. Ritzmann","doi":"10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-de.2020.77010","url":null,"abstract":"Der Beitrag setzt sich mit der psychiatrischen Beurteilung der Persönlichkeit im Zusammenhang mit der Fremdplatzierung von Kindern auseinander. Im Zentrum steht die Begutachtung zweier Kinder, die 1957 beziehungsweise 1972 von ihren Vormunden in die kinderpsychiatrische Beobachtungsstation Brüschhalde im Kanton Zürich eingewiesen wurden. Die Autorinnen und Autoren zeigen auf, wie Persönlichkeit im stationären Kontext konzeptualisiert, erfasst und bewertet wurde. Bei den beiden ausserehelich geborenen Kindern diagnostizierten die begutachtenden Ärztinnen und Ärzte, wie bei den meisten Kindern in der Brüschhalde zu jener Zeit, «abnorme», genauer «neurotische Reaktionen», die durch «ungünstige Milieuverhältnisse» ausgelöst worden waren und zu Entwicklungsstörungen führten.\u0000Das Persönlichkeitskonzept der Kinderpsychiatrie stellte ein Entwicklungskonzept dar, das nicht nur die individuelle Entfaltung, sondern auch die gesellschaftliche Assimilation zum Ziel hatte. Die wichtigste Voraussetzung für eine «normale» Persönlichkeitsentwicklung des Kindes war und blieb ein «geordnetes, harmonisches Familienleben». Massgeblich für die Fremdplatzierung war nicht die Diagnose, sondern die familiäre Konstellation und die Persönlichkeit der Eltern, insbesondere der Mütter.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47346254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhaltsverzeichnis","authors":"","doi":"10.24894/ges.2020.77.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/ges.2020.77.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69130715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07601003
Nadine Metzger
Discussing the alleged «crisis of medicine» (ca. 1925–33) German physicians addressed the underlying mindset of medical theory and practice. Identifi ed as «scientifi c crisis», they called the scientifi c epistemology of medicine into question. Since 1911 modern constitutional medicine had offered concepts potentially useful to overcome this «crisis». Besides similar topics the two discussions shared prominent voices, presenting their ideas for better medicine in both discourses. However, this paper shows the minor role constitutional medicine actually played in the «crisis» discussion. It was rarely put forward as a solution to the supposed «crisis» and is conspicuously often discovered in discussions of historical background. Far more often, concepts designed to overcome constitutional medicine are invoked as a potential crisis solution, fi rst and foremost the so-called «constitutional therapy» fathered by Vienna gynaecologist Bernhard Aschner which evokes pre-modern humoral pathology.
{"title":"Eine Antwort auf die «Krise der Medizin»? Die Moderne Konstitutionslehre im Krisendiskurs 1925 bis 1933","authors":"Nadine Metzger","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07601003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07601003","url":null,"abstract":"Discussing the alleged «crisis of medicine» (ca. 1925–33) German physicians addressed the underlying mindset of medical theory and practice. Identifi ed as «scientifi c crisis», they called the scientifi c epistemology of medicine into question. Since 1911 modern constitutional medicine had offered concepts potentially useful to overcome this «crisis». Besides similar topics the two discussions shared prominent voices, presenting their ideas for better medicine in both discourses. However, this paper shows the minor role constitutional medicine actually played in the «crisis» discussion. It was rarely put forward as a solution to the supposed «crisis» and is conspicuously often discovered in discussions of historical background. Far more often, concepts designed to overcome constitutional medicine are invoked as a potential crisis solution, fi rst and foremost the so-called «constitutional therapy» fathered by Vienna gynaecologist Bernhard Aschner which evokes pre-modern humoral pathology.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42095164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.24894/gesn-en.2019.76015
Editors Gesnerus
{"title":"Books Received","authors":"Editors Gesnerus","doi":"10.24894/gesn-en.2019.76015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24894/gesn-en.2019.76015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47949440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07601017
H. Pols
{"title":"Snelders, Stephen: Leprosy and Colonialism. Suriname under Dutch Rule, 1750–1950. Manchester, Manchester University Press, 2017. 288 p. £ 75.–. ISBN 978-1-5261-1299-6 (e-book: 978-1-5261-1302-3)","authors":"H. Pols","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07601017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07601017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45052653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07601004
O. Faleye, T. Akande
While studies have unveiled the implications of the bubonic plague outbreak in colonial Lagos in the areas of town planning, environmental health and trade, there is a dearth of scholarly writings on the multiplex nature of the biomedical, Christian, Muslim, non-Christian and non-Muslim African responses to the epidemic outbreak. Based on the historical analysis of colonial medical records, newspaper reports, interviews and the literature, this paper concludes that the multiplex and transcultural nature of local responses to the bubonic plague in Lagos disavow the Western biomedical triumphalist claims to epidemic control in Africa during colonial rule.
{"title":"Beyond “White Medicine”: Bubonic Plague and Health Interventions in Colonial Lagos","authors":"O. Faleye, T. Akande","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07601004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07601004","url":null,"abstract":"While studies have unveiled the implications of the bubonic plague outbreak in colonial Lagos in the areas of town planning, environmental health and trade, there is a dearth of scholarly writings on the multiplex nature of the biomedical, Christian, Muslim, non-Christian and non-Muslim African responses to the epidemic outbreak. Based on the historical analysis of colonial medical records, newspaper reports, interviews and the literature, this paper concludes that the multiplex and transcultural nature of local responses to the bubonic plague in Lagos disavow the Western biomedical triumphalist claims to epidemic control in Africa during colonial rule.","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42979506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-06DOI: 10.1163/22977953-07601019
J. Coffin
{"title":"La fi n de l’asile? Histoire de la déshospitalisation psychiatrique dans l’espace francophone au XXe siècle. Sous la direction de Alexandre Klein, Hervé Guillemain et Marie-Claude Thifault. Rennes, Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2018, 240 p. Ill. € 22.–. ISBN 978-2-7535-7394-9","authors":"J. Coffin","doi":"10.1163/22977953-07601019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22977953-07601019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":42764,"journal":{"name":"Gesnerus-Swiss Journal of the History of Medicine and Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46045873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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